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Greek shift of vowels to the [i] sound
by iotacism, so were the respective diphthongs. In Modern Greek, the letters and digraphs ι, η, υ, ει, οι, υι (rare) are all pronounced [i]. Iotacism caused
Iotacism
Ancient forms of the Greek language
vowels and diphthongs once pronounced distinctly are pronounced as /i/ (iotacism). Some of the stops and glides in diphthongs have become fricatives, and
Ancient_Greek
Seventh letter in the Greek alphabet
which was later raised to [i] in Hellenistic Greek, a process known as iotacism or itacism. In the ancient Attic number system (Herodianic or acrophonic
Eta
Dialects and varieties of the Greek language spoken in the modern era
This came about through a series of mergers, especially towards /i/ (iotacism). Modern Greek consonants are plain (voiceless unaspirated) stops, voiced
Modern_Greek
Writing system of Modern Greek
orthographic realizations: /i/ can be spelled η, ι, υ, ει, οι, or υι (see Iotacism); /e/ can be spelled either ε or αι; /o/ can be spelled either ο or ω.
Greek_orthography
Greek male given name
Chreistos, Christus, Chrestus, and Chreistus, pronounced identically (cf. iotacism). Nicknames include Chris, Chrissie, Chrissy, Chreissie, Chreissy, Chreis
Christos_(given_name)
Indo-European language
most diphthongs and several steps in a chain shift of vowels towards /i/ (iotacism). development of the voiceless aspirated plosives /pʰ/ and /tʰ/ to the
Greek_language
4th-century handwritten Bible copy in Greek
in Caesarea Maritima in the sixth or seventh centuries. The pervasive iotacism, especially of the ει diphthong, remains uncorrected. The Codex may have
Codex_Sinaiticus
Systematic change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language
underwent a vowel shift near the beginning of the Common Era, which included iotacism. Among the Semitic languages, the Canaanite languages underwent a shift
Vowel_shift
Medical condition
difficulty in producing /ɡ/. Hitism is a difficulty in producing /h/. Iotacism (from the Greek letter iota) is a difficulty in producing /j/. Kapacism
Speech_sound_disorder
Marks added to letters in Greek
and does not distinguish many letters and digraphs that have merged by iotacism. The accents (Ancient Greek: τόνοι, romanized: tónoi, singular: τόνος,
Greek_diacritics
Dialect of Greek in the ancient world
century AD, υ/οι /y/ unrounded to merge with ι. These changes are known as iotacism. The consonants also preserved their ancient pronunciations to a great
Koine_Greek
Sound change converting an alveolar consonant to a rhotic consonant
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Rhotacism
Letter of the Cyrillic script
the Early Cyrillic alphabet, like in the Greek alphabet of the time (see Iotacism), there was little or no distinction between the letter ⟨И⟩/⟨H⟩ and the
I_(Cyrillic)
Type of secondary articulation in speech
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Velarization
Phonetic phenomenon in Uralic languages
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Consonant_gradation
Production of a sound while the velum is lowered
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Nasalization
Situational pronunciation of /r/ in non-rhotic varieties of English
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Linking_and_intrusive_R
Fifth century BCE Greek sculptor
(Ancient Greek: Πολύκλειτος [polýkleːtos], "much-renowned") and, due to iotacism in the transition from Ancient to Modern Greek, Polyklitos or Polyclitus
Polykleitos
4th-century BC Egyptian pharaoh
(Nectanebēs), but this is probably only based on a phonetic approximation due to iotacism. Although convention in English assigns identical names to him and his
Nectanebo_I
Pronouncing "l" sounds as vowels
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
L-vocalization
Description of producing a sound
place of articulation: raising (phonology) imāla (/a/ raising in Arabic) iotacism (vowel raising and partly fronting in Greek) fronting (phonology) i-mutation
Relative_articulation
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Tone_(linguistics)
Phonological process involving the addition of one or more sounds to a word
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Epenthesis
Loss of the vowel at the beginning of a word
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Apheresis_(linguistics)
Sound changes affecting each other
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Chain_shift
Sound change where one feature separates into two; opposite of fusion
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Unpacking_(linguistics)
Switching the order of sounds
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Metathesis_(linguistics)
Greek language written using the Latin alphabet
Greek words — although often there is a mixture of the two. In particular, iotacism is preserved: the various letters and digraphs now pronounced as /i/ are
Greeklish
Grammatical change of vowels in Indo-European languages
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Indo-European_ablaut
Phonological process
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Final-obstruent_devoicing
Sound change in historical linguistics
lightly contrasted stop/fricative pairs, including [b] and [v]. Lenition Iotacism Phonological merger Sound change Famously in Spanish, Galician, some Astur-Leonese
Betacism
Continuous sequence of sounds in spoken language
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Connected_speech
Consonant sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Lenition
Phonetic sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Consonant_voicing_and_devoicing
Process by which monophthongs become diphthongs and triphthongs
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Vowel_breaking
Historic kingdom in Sub-Roman Britain
ancient greek phonology). Οὔξελλα: Oúxella Ταμάρη: Tamáre or Tamári (see iotacism) Ἴσκα: Íska The cultural connections of the pre-Roman Dumnonii, as expressed
Dumnonia
Pronunciation of a latent word-final consonant immediately before a following vowel sound
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Liaison_(French)
Consonantal change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Fortition
Loss of word-final sounds
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Apocope
Sound change of vowels assimilating to each other, especially in Germanic languages
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Umlaut_(linguistics)
Phenomenon in linguistics
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Assimilation_(phonology)
Elision through dissimilation
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Haplology
Omission of sounds in words or phrases
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Elision
Change in tone contour based on adjacent syllable tones
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Tone_sandhi
Syllabic separation of two adjacent vowels
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Vowel_hiatus
Merging of two syllables into one
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Synalepha
Romance language indigenous to the island of Sardinia
(chena versus cena, "supper"), the front middle vowels (compare Campidanese iotacism, probably from Byzantine Greek) and assimilation of close-mid vowels (cane
Sardinian_language
Vowel sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Monophthongization
Loss of a sound within a word
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Syncope_(phonology)
Sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Apophony
Lengthening of vowel sounds in place of a deleted consonant
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Compensatory_lengthening
Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Alternation_(linguistics)
Type of sound change in Slavic languages
letters Г and К instead of Т and Д): Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic ligatures Iotacism Palatalization, the historical-linguistic sound change Soft sign Bethin
Iotation
Secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Labialization
Sound change towards glottal articulation
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Debuccalization
Sounds and pronunciation of Ancient Greek
into fricatives and the shifting of many vowels and diphthongs to [i] (iotacism). In the Byzantine period it developed into Medieval Greek, which later
Ancient_Greek_phonology
Ancient city in Mygdonia, Macedon
Nicephorus Bryennius (IV, xix). The spelling "Lite" is incorrect and comes from iotacism. According to Theagenes's Macedonica the town was named after the Greek
Lete_(Mygdonia)
Process of language change that affects pronunciation or sound system structure
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Sound_change
Earliest surviving manuscript of the New Testament
substantial additions or deletions in this whole portion. Other than two iotacisms (ΗΜΕΙΝ, ΙΣΗΛΘΕΝ), and in the probable omission of the second ΕΙΣ ΤΟΥΤΟ
Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52
Vowel shift
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Raising_(sound_change)
(MW), of Semitic origin. Compare Hebrew אזוב 'ezobh 'mint herb' (WNW) iotacism from Greek Ιώτα iota, a letter from (MW) Phoenician (AHD). Compare Hebrew
List of English words of Semitic origin
List_of_English_words_of_Semitic_origin
Sound changes
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Fronting_(sound_change)
Adding sounds to the end of a word
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Paragoge
inside, within Latin intra intramural, intravenous iota- I, i Greek iota iotacism irasc-, irat- be angry Latin irasci "grow angry", from ira "anger" irascible
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/H–O
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/H–O
Serbian singer and conductor
Aksentijević Notes Μελῳδός (pl. μελῳδοί; note inter alia, the post-medieval Greek iotacism), "melodist", is a Greek adjective and sometimes an epithet given to people
Divna_Ljubojević
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with I
inside, within Latin intra intramural, intravenous iota- I, i Greek iota iotacism irasc-, irat- be angry Latin irasci "grow angry", from ira "anger" irascible
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/I
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/I
Sound change affecting Greek vowel length
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Quantitative_metathesis
Phonological process of sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Synaeresis
Phonological sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Assibilation
Type of sound change at morpheme or syllable boundaries
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Sandhi
Concept in linguistics
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Phonological_rule
Phonological assimilation
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Consonant_harmony
Sound change in vowels
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Vowel_harmony
Sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Triphthong_smoothing
Simplification of consonant clusters in certain environments
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Cluster_reduction
Type of linguistic sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Fusion_(phonetics)
Linguistic phenomenon where sounds diverge
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Dissimilation_(phonology)
Sound change that either results in a palatal or palatalized consonant or a front vowel
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Palatalization_(sound_change)
Legendary island in the British Isles
of Wight as νῆσος Οὐηκτὶς (translitterated as Oúektìs or Oúiktìs, see iotacism). The Maritime Itinerary mentions "Vecta". "Vectis" appears in the Ravenna
Ictis
Greek long vowels written as diphthongs
ου had shifted to [iː, uː]. (The shift of a Greek vowel to i is called iotacism.) In Modern Greek, distinctive vowel length has been lost, and all vowels
Spurious_diphthong
Phonetic phenomenon
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Rhinoglottophilia
Concept in historical linguistics
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Transphonologization
Linguistic term
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Floating_tone
phoneme. Consentius, a 5th-century Latin grammarian, claims that a certain "iotacism" (iotacismum) afflicts the dialects of provincial Romans. Consentius claims
Dialects_of_Latin
Sound change happening in linguistics
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Consonant_mutation
New Testament manuscript
the ink has adhered to the opposite page. Text is replete with errors of iotacism. The ends of the leaves are damaged. Order of books Gospels Acts Catholic
Minuscule_33
Uncial bible manuscript
ειπεν in Matthew 9:22, etc.) and inclusion of final nu. The error of iotacism occurs infrequently. The text is divided according to the Ammonian Sections
Codex_Boreelianus
Phenomenon in phonology
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Phonological_change
New Testament manuscript
markings and incipits were added by a later hand. It contains many errors of iotacism and many remarkable variations. The order of books is usual for Greek manuscripts:
Minuscule_131
Sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Synizesis
Insertion of a sound at the beginning of a word
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Prothesis_(linguistics)
Greek manuscript of the New Testament
8:10; John 5:46; 7:7; 8:27 there is a hiatus for lack of it. The error of iotacism occurs 358 times: ει for ι (16 occurrences), ι for ει (35), ο for ω (40)
Minuscule_543
Vowel sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
I-mutation
Class of vowel change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Metaphony
Burial cave in Jerusalem
126395". British Museum. Retrieved 7 April 2021. On spelling, consult iotacism and lunate sigma. Also, the xi is in its joined form. Wikimedia Commons
Cave_of_Nicanor
Concept in phonetics
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Coarticulation
Consonant sound change
types Apophony Affrication Gemination Clipping Fronting Raising Betacism Iotacism Fusion Merger Compensatory lengthening Monophthongization Rhotacism Rhinoglottophilia
Delateralization
New Testament manuscript
6:2-15:30; Luke 1:1-13 have survived. The initial letters in red. Full of iotacism errors. The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose
Minuscule_99
New Testament manuscript
accents. Sometimes it uses breathings, but often wrongly. It has errors of iotacism in the Alexandrian way. Contents Matthew 1:11-21; 3:13-4:19; 10:7-19; 10:42-11:11;
Codex_Guelferbytanus_A
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM
IOTACISM