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Concept in linguistics
delimiters. A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process in linguistics. Phonological rules are commonly
Phonological_rule
Reconstructed sound system of a proto-language
reconstruct its phonology. The reconstruction of abstract units of PIE phonological systems (i.e. segments, or phonemes in traditional phonology) is mostly
Proto-Indo-European_phonology
Branch of applied mathematics
of phonological constraints. Combinatorics on words can reveal patterns within words, morphemes, and sentences. Context-sensitive rewriting rules of the
Mathematical_linguistics
Study of sound organization in languages
language skills during childhood Phonological hierarchy – Size hierarchy of phonological units Second language phonology Depending on usage, there may or
Phonology
Relation between rules in linguistics
in phonology to describe specific interactions of phonological rules. The term was introduced in 1968 by Paul Kiparsky. If two phonological rules are
Bleeding_order
1968 book by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle
constituent modules of phonology, semantics, and syntax. The phonological component consists of a sequence of phonological rules, which translate the syntactic
The_Sound_Pattern_of_English
Proto-Indo-European language sound law
Unicode combining characters and Latin characters. The boukólos rule is a phonological rule of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). It states that a labiovelar
Boukólos_rule
Basic elements of language
for a phonological word. In languages with a fixed stress, it is possible to ascertain word boundaries from its location. Many phonological rules operate
Word
Topics referred to by the same term
a number between 0-255 characterizing a specific model (e.g. Rule 110) Phonological rule Advance tax ruling, a tool for conforming taxation arrangements
Rule
Study of the interaction between morphology and phonology
into phonological alternations and Chomsky and Halle's The Sound Pattern of English (1968), which formalized the relationship between phonology and morphology
Morphophonology
Akkadian sound law
Geers's law is a phonological rule for the Akkadian language according to which two different emphatic consonants (ṭ, ṣ, ḳ) cannot occur in one Akkadian
Geers's_law
Phonetic change of /t/ and /d/ between vowels
with [n]. Given these intricacies, it is difficult to formulate a phonological rule that accurately predicts flapping. Nevertheless, Vaux (2000) postulates
Flapping
and transcription delimiters. Phonological opacity is a phenomenon in phonology. Opacity exists when a phonological rule that exists in a given language
Phonological_opacity
Permissible word or form that does not exist
allowed by the phonological system of a language which do not actually exist, or sound contrasts missing from one paradigm of the phonological system itself
Accidental_gap
Phonology of the English language
identical) phonological systems. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features
English_phonology
Phonemes of American Sign Language
handshapes contained 19 phonemes (or cheremes). In some phonological models, movement is a phonological prime. Other models consider movement as redundant
American Sign Language phonology
American_Sign_Language_phonology
Proto-Indo-European language sound law
pronunciation: [ˈsɛmɛreːɲi]) is both a sound change and a synchronic phonological rule that operated during an early stage of the Proto-Indo-European language
Szemerényi's_law
Variant pronunciation of a morpheme
realization of phonological variations for a specific morpheme. The different allomorphs that a morpheme can become are governed by morphophonemic rules. These
Allomorph
Formal framework in linguistics
Autosegmental phonology is a framework of phonological analysis proposed by John Goldsmith in his PhD thesis in 1976 at the Massachusetts Institute of
Autosegmental_phonology
Algonquian language spoken in the United States
heške – 'his mother'. The digraph ⟨ts⟩ represents assibilated /t/; a phonological rule of Cheyenne is that underlying /t/ becomes affricated before an /e/
Cheyenne_language
Chibchan language spoken in Panama and Colombia
The Guna language (formerly Kuna or Cuna), spoken by the Guna people of Panama and Colombia, belongs to the Chibchan language family. The Guna were living
Guna_language
Hypothesis of phonological analysis
word stored in the lexicon and used as the input to phonological analysis. The output of phonological analysis is commonly described as a surface representation
Underlying_representation
Relation between rules in linguistics
delimiters. In phonology and historical linguistics, feeding order of phonological rules refers to a situation in which the application of a rule A creates
Feeding_order
Information that is expressed more than once
assimilation, add redundancy on the phonological level. The redundancy of phonological rules may clarify some vagueness in spoken communication. According to psychologist
Redundancy_(linguistics)
Process of word formation by combining morphemes of singular meaning
somewhat complicated by the phonological processes active in the given language. For example, the following two phonological phenomena appear in many of
Agglutination
Theory of two separate mental mechanisms
don't follow letter-to-sound rules. This route doesn't enable reading of nonwords (e.g. 'zuce'), though some phonological output can still be produced
Dual-route hypothesis to reading aloud
Dual-route_hypothesis_to_reading_aloud
Earliest model of generative grammar
operations Merge and Move. In generative phonology, another form of transformation is the phonological rule, which describes a mapping between an underlying
Transformational_grammar
German polymath, linguist and mathematician (1809–1877)
also noticed and presented a phonological rule that exists in both Sanskrit and Greek. In his honor, this phonological rule is known as Grassmann's law
Hermann_Grassmann
Phonological rule
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) phonological rule named after the French Indo-Europeanist Georges-Jean Pinault who discovered it. According to this rule, PIE laryngeals
Pinault's_law
Study of words and their formation
constitute allomorphy. Phonological rules constrain the sounds that can appear next to each other in a language, and morphological rules, when applied blindly
Morphology_(linguistics)
Finite state machine with two tapes (input, output)
Compiler. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-13-606705-4. "Regular Models of Phonological Rule Systems" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2010
Finite-state_transducer
Proto-Indo-European language sound law
and Latin characters. Stang's law is a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) phonological rule named after the Norwegian linguist Christian Stang. The law governs
Stang's_law
Sound system of the Korean language
and ⫽wejaŋkanɯlo⫽ ([wejaŋk͈anɯɾo]). Incorrect application of these phonological rules, such as improper nasalization or assimilation, can significantly
Korean_phonology
Theoretical framework in linguistics
provide a non-arbitrary account for phonological phenomena by replacing the rule component of SPE-type phonology with well-formedness constraints on representations
Government_phonology
Phonological constraint
related to the OCP continue to be debated in phonological theory. A particular instance of the OCP is Meeussen's rule (Goldsmith 1984), named after the Belgian
Obligatory_contour_principle
Unusual personal characteristic
regularities in the sound system of a language are useful for identifying phonological rules during analysis of the forms morphemes can take, idiosyncratic properties
Idiosyncrasy
subject–verb–object (SVO). Ukrainian grammar describes its phonological, morphological, and syntactic rules. Ukrainian has seven grammatical cases and two numbers
Ukrainian_grammar
Korean language romanization system
addition, special provisions are for regular phonological rules in exceptions to transcription (see Korean phonology). When reversibility (ability to reliably
Revised Romanization of Korean
Revised_Romanization_of_Korean
capacity. Phonological dyslexia is a reading disorder in which the patient has impaired reading of nonwords. The symptoms of phonological dyslexia are
Phonological_dyslexia
Name list
(1862–1941), German linguist Siebs's law, a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) phonological rule This page or section lists people that share the same given name or
Sieb
Learning disability affecting reading
include difficulties with phonological awareness, inefficient and often inaccurate processing of sounds in oral language (phonological processing), and verbal
Dyslexia
Sounds and pronunciation of Icelandic
occur in some dialects of the Westfjords. This seems to be an active phonological rule as alternations like gegna [ˈcɛkna] 'inf.' – gegndi [ˈceiŋtɪ] '1/3ps
Icelandic_phonology
Omission of sounds in words or phrases
Generative phonology it is usual to explain the process as one of substituting zero for a phoneme, in the form of a phonological rule. The form of such rules is
Elision
American linguist
Syntax and Phonology. Academic Press. Kaisse, Ellen M.; Zwicky, Arnold, eds. (1987). Phonology Yearbook 4: Syntactic Conditions on Phonological Rules. Kaisse
Ellen_Kaisse
Inuit varieties spoken in Alaska and the Northwest Territories
Uummarmiutun sub dialect.[clarification needed] The following are the phonological rules: /f/ is always found as a geminate. /j/ cannot be geminated, and is
Iñupiaq_language
Extinct Native American language
language family, along with modern Caddo, Pawnee, Arikara, and Kitsai. The phonology of Wichita is unusual, with no pure labial consonants (though there are
Wichita_language
Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme
in its phonological realization. Each of the various realizations is called an alternant. The variation may be conditioned by the phonological, morphological
Alternation_(linguistics)
Sound system of Spanish
Phonological Production in Spanish-Speaking Preschoolers Guitart, Jorge M. (1997), "Variability, Multilectalism, and the Organization of Phonology in
Spanish_phonology
Central Algonquian language
As we know from the phonological rule stated above, a word may not begin with a vowel in Shawnee. From the morphophonological rule above, it can be assumed
Shawnee_language
same phonological inventory of vowels and consonants with minor variations, but some dialects differ considerably along a number of phonological parameters
Ojibwe_phonology
Convention of symbols representing language
being ideal in all circumstances. While not adhering strictly to phonological rules, morphological spellings often follow other patterns that allow for
Writing_system
Scientific study of language
appear in speech which are not always recorded in writing, including phonological rules, sound changes, and speech errors; All natural writing systems reflect
Linguistics
Verbs in the Arabic language
irregularity occurs in verbs with a hamzah ء as the first radical. A phonological rule in Classical Arabic disallows the occurrence of two hamzahs in a row
Arabic_verbs
Endangered Pomoan language of California
stem. Examples of this, as noted by Moshinsky (1974) are: In this phonological rule, /m/ and /l/ become syllabic when they precede a consonant which has
Southeastern_Pomo_language
Algonquian language spoken in North America
acute accent. Blackfoot is rich with morpho-phonological changes. Below is a limited sample of phonological rules. Glides are deleted after another consonant
Blackfoot_language
Extinct ancient Phoenician language
the fifth-century BC, a shared set of alphabetic, orthographic, and phonological rules are encountered in Punic inscriptions throughout the western Mediterranean
Punic_language
System of sounds of the Faroese language
is opaque (and neutralizing) and cannot be classified as a purely phonological rule or constraint." Árnason (2011), p. 83, 85. Gimson & Cruttenden 2008
Faroese_phonology
Concept in Hebrew morphology
phenomenon: an archaism preserved as a matter of style, a syntactic or phonological rule that is not consistently applied because of hypercorrection, etc.
Paragogic_nun
Proto-Indo-European sound law
characters. Siebs's law (/ˈziːps/ ZEEPS) is a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) phonological rule named after the German linguist Theodor Siebs. According to this law
Siebs's_law
Simplification of consonant clusters in certain environments
result of a phonological rule. In unambiguous situations, the clusters can be reduced without leaving the listener confused. For example, the rule implies
Cluster_reduction
Bantu language of DR Congo
Nzadi is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "from Kwamuntu to Ilebo along the north side of the Kasai River in Bandundu Province
Nzadi_language
Allophonic rule of vowels prominent in Canada, also found in N. American English dialects
(also sometimes known as English diphthong raising) is an allophonic rule of phonology in many varieties of North American English that changes the pronunciation
Canadian_raising
Dravidian language
(2003), p. 128. Krishnamurti (2003), p. 106. Bright, William (1970). "Phonological Rules in Literary and Colloquial Kannada". Journal of the American Oriental
Kannada
Phonological system of the Japanese language
Shigeto (2003), Phonological Society of Japan (ed.), "On a Certain Type of Hiatus Resolution in Japanese" (PDF), On'in Kenkyuu 音韻研究 [Phonological Studies],
Japanese_phonology
Kiranti language in Nepal and India
undergo this voicing rule more regularly than aspirated obstruents. Voiced consonants that are not motivated by a phonological rule exist, but they are
Yakkha_language
Sound system of the French language
French phonology is the sound system of French. This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French. Notable phonological features
French_phonology
Name list
Mariam, and Μαρια, or Maria, found in the New Testament. Depending on phonological rules concerning consecutive vowels or the use of the palatal approximant
Marija
Consonant change in Japanese compound words
a nasal sound (/ũ, ĩ, N/) is hypothesized to have been an active phonological rule up through Early Middle Japanese; in Late Middle Japanese, /ũ, ĩ/
Rendaku
Lexeme created for a single occasion
but bldzkg is a nonword); thus, pseudowords follow a language's phonological rules but have no meaning ghost word: a nonce word authoritatively described
Nonce_word
Sounds and pronunciation of the Polish language
If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. The phonological system of the Polish language is similar in many ways to those of other
Polish_phonology
Concept in dialectology analyzing phonemes across dialects of a language
could include phonological, as well as morphological and syntactic phenomena. Labov also developed variable rules analysis, with variable rules being those
Diaphoneme
Arabic name suffix
Arabic spelling in its standard transliteration is al-Din. Due to the phonological rules involving the "sun letters" (حرف الشّمسيّة hurfu ’sh-Shamsiyyah),
Ad-Din
English speakers' pronunciation of other languages
to speak foreign languages. Many of these are due to transfer of phonological rules from English to the new language as well as differences in grammar
Anglophone pronunciation of foreign languages
Anglophone_pronunciation_of_foreign_languages
Mazatecan language of Mexico
Brian E. 1983. Constraint-governed rule application: Principles underlying the application of phonological rules in San Jeronimo Mazatec. Linguistics
Tecóatl_Mazatec
Linguistic model for phonological analysis
differs from other approaches to phonological analysis, which typically use rules rather than constraints. However, phonological models of representation, such
Optimality_theory
Indo-Aryan language
These are native Hindi words derived from Sanskrit after undergoing phonological rules (e.g. Sanskrit कर्म karma, "deed" becomes Shauraseni Prakrit कम्म
Hindi
Group of West Central German dialects
languages, including Cypriot Greek and English. Within the typology of phonological rules, WFnD occurs in Central Franconian (CF) in several distinct forms
Central_Franconian_languages
Historic form of Sanskrit
Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-65313-8. Kobayashi, Masato (2006). "Pāṇini's Phonological Rules and Vedic: Aṣṭādhyāyī 8.2*" (PDF). Journal of Indological Studies
Vedic_Sanskrit
Feature geometry is a phonological theory which represents distinctive features as a structured hierarchy rather than a matrix or a set. Feature geometry
Feature_geometry
Phenomenon in phonology
the phonological structures of a language (and likewise, phonological change may sway the process of sound change). One process of phonological change
Phonological_change
Romance family members—all have their own interpretations of the Latin phonological system, applied both to loan words and formal study of Latin. But English
Latin phonology and orthography
Latin_phonology_and_orthography
Phonetic phenomenon in Tuscan Italian
resolutions of the same phonological rule. The gorgia shows all the characteristics of a naturally-developed allophonic rule in its alternations with
Tuscan_gorgia
Language family
found McAlpin's cognates unconvincing and criticised his proposed phonological rules as ad hoc. Elamite is generally believed by scholars to be a language
Dravidian_languages
Hausa-language sound law
exception rather than a phonological one; that is, ideophones form a separate class of words which are not subject to the same phonological constraints as other
Klingenheben's_law
Theory of stress or linguistic prominence
syllables, feet, phonological words, clitic groups, phonological phrases, intermediate phrases, intonational phrases, and phonological utterances. The
Metrical_phonology
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonological history of English includes various changes in the phonology of consonant clusters. The H-cluster reductions
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Israeli-American settler psychologist
realize phonological patterns as speech acts, so it is possible that the constraints on phonological patterns arise not from abstract linguistic rules but
Iris_Berent
Awareness of the sound structure of words
Phonological awareness is an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of words. Phonological awareness is an important
Phonological_awareness
Phone used to pronounce a single phoneme
that remains once the conditions for the others are described by phonological rules. For example, English has both oral and nasal allophones of its vowels
Allophone
3rd-4th century West Germanic sound change
alternated with its syllabic counterpart /ij/ in accordance with a phonological rule known as Sievers' law. This law states that consonantal /j/ appeared
West_Germanic_gemination
How humans use words to communicate
represents morphemes as opposed to phonological segments. Systems that record larger morphosyntactic or phonological segments, such as logographic systems
Language processing in the brain
Language_processing_in_the_brain
Sound system of standard Modern Greek
transcription delimiters. This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek. For phonological characteristics of other varieties, see varieties
Modern_Greek_phonology
Structural rules of a language
and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics
Grammar
Standard written Hungarian
pronunciation cannot be regularly deduced from the morphemes and basic phonological rules. Compound words are generally written so that all constituents retain
Hungarian_orthography
Medieval form of the Catalan Language
llei fonètica catalana observada fa temps" [Setting of a Catalan phonological rule analyzed some time ago] (PDF). Estudis romànics (in Catalan). Vol
Old_Catalan
Native American languages centered around the Delaware River
assignment rule would predict stress on the antepenultimate syllable. As well, Unami has innovated relative to Munsee by adding phonological rules that significantly
Delaware_languages
Cant language
сарайчик" (nash saraychik) The Padonkaffsky spellings are pronounced virtually identically to the standard spellings due to Russian phonological rules
Padonkaffsky_jargon
Model of human memory
information from and to its subsystems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. The phonological loop stores verbal content, whereas the visuo-spatial
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Mixed language of the Métis people
Contrary to Bakker's split phonology hypothesis, later analysis did not find evidence to support divergent phonological rules (Poplack 1993, Rosen 2006
Michif
Phenomenon in linguistics
divided into: The Phonological System, the Reference System, the Morphological System, and the Syntactic System. The Phonological System correlates to
Fis_phenomenon
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