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See searches and references containing L VOCALIZATION!L VOCALIZATION
Pronouncing "l" sounds as vowels
delimiters. L-vocalization, in linguistics, is a process by which a lateral approximant sound such as [l], or, perhaps more often, velarized [ɫ], is replaced
L-vocalization
Topics referred to by the same term
another Amphibian vocalization Bird vocalization, bird calls and bird songs Dolphin vocalizations Female copulatory vocalizations, produced by females
Vocalization
not undergo L-vocalization, but rather L-restoration, having previously been L-vocalized independently in Old French and lacking the /l/ in Middle English
English-language vowel changes before historical /l/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/l/
Dialect of English
before dark /l/ or its reflex), leading perhaps to a phonemic split ("wholly" vs. "holy"). This topic is usually referred to as L-vocalization. There is
Estuary_English
Set of varieties of English language
T- and D-flapping (with metal and medal pronounced the same, as [ˈmɛɾɫ̩]), L-velarization (with filling pronounced [ˈfɪɫɪŋ], not [ˈfɪlɪŋ]), as well as
North_American_English
Stage of the English language from the contemporary period
doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00646-5. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1. Sihler, Andrew L. (2000), Language History: An Introduction, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
Modern_English
Variety of Portuguese language
Portuguese, but nowadays the L-variant is preferred, although this seems to lack evidence. Movie subtitles normally use a mixture of L- and H-variants, but remain
Brazilian_Portuguese
Variety of Portuguese language
realization of coda /l/ instead of L-vocalization. The first two features are rare among accents of Portuguese, whereas L-vocalization is the norm in Brazil
Uruguayan_Portuguese
succeeding non-phonemic vocalic glide. /l/ is generally velarized or "dark" [ɫ]. Diachronically, it was fully vocalized into /o/ in coda positions, as in past
Serbo-Croatian_phonology
Consonant sound change
and vocalization.[clarification needed] [t] > [d] (voicing, example in Korean) [d] > [ð] (approximation, example in Spanish) [d] > [i] (vocalization) Sonorizing
Lenition
Phonological change in northeastern Kashubian
more intensive than with Polish compared to other Kashubian dialects. L-vocalization#Polish and Sorbian (wałczenie) Dicky Gilbers; John A. Nerbonne; J. Schaeken
Ł–l_merger
Sound change converting an alveolar consonant to a rhotic consonant
that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment. The most common
Rhotacism
Surname list
surname is Kołtun; the difference is due to the linguistic phenomenon of L-vocalization. In Russian language the surname retains its Ukrainian form, "Kovtun"
Kovtun
Surname list
be coille, "wood". The l is typically silent, in accordance with the Scottish tendency to drop this letter (see l-vocalization). The trigraph ⟨quh⟩ represents
Colquhoun
Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨l⟩ in IPA
Velarization L-vocalization Ł Adjaye, Sophia (2005). Ghanaian English Pronunciation. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-7734-6208-3. realization of /l/ is
Voiced dental and alveolar lateral approximants
Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_approximants
Overview of the English /r/
Association, 37 (1): 100, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830 Kwek, G. S. C.; Low, E.-L. (2020). "Emergent features of young Singaporean speech: an investigatory
Pronunciation_of_English_/r/
Sounds birds use to communicate
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong) are the sounds produced by birds that
Bird_vocalization
Vocalizations produced by females for mating
vocalization tends to become very rapid, with a regular rhythm that includes equal note lengths and intervals between notes, which male vocalization typically
Female copulatory vocalizations
Female_copulatory_vocalizations
Phonetic phenomenon in Uralic languages
dialects have varying reflexes: /ɾ/ or /r/ in multiple western dialects, /l/ in the old Tavastian dialects, /ð/ in archaic Southwestern and Northwestern
Consonant_gradation
Type of secondary articulation in speech
velarization, uvularization and pharyngealization, as in [ɫ] (the velarized equivalent of [l]) A superscript Latin gamma U+02E0 ˠ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL
Velarization
Sound changes
conditioned merger of /ʌ/ and /oʊ/ before /l/ occurring for some speakers of English English with l-vocalization. The doll–dole merger is a conditioned merger
Phonological history of English vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_vowels
List of common words used to describe animal noises and their audio recordings
words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication
List_of_animal_sounds
Phonology of the English language
the United States, /l/ can be pronounced as an approximant or semivowel ([w], [o], [ʊ]) at the end of a syllable (l-vocalization). Depending on dialect
English_phonology
Continuous sequence of sounds in spoken language
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Connected_speech
Sound change of vowels assimilating to each other, especially in Germanic languages
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Umlaut_(linguistics)
Syllabic separation of two adjacent vowels
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Vowel_hiatus
Sound changes
in many words in which a dark /l/ followed the vowel /a/ or /o/, the /l/ either disappeared or underwent vocalization, usually with some kind of diphthongization
Phonological history of English consonants
Phonological_history_of_English_consonants
Pronunciation change in English between 1350 and 1700
English Great Vowel Shift in action!. Retrieved 17 December 2025. Wheeler, L Kip. "Middle English consonant sounds" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
Great_Vowel_Shift
Intonation pattern in some varieties of English
Pre-L Pre-R Development of consonants Single consonants Clusters Variable features Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping Flat A H-dropping L-vocalization NG
High_rising_terminal
Medical condition
for cat. This differs from features like non-rhoticity, h-dropping or l-vocalization which are part of various regional, national, and ethnic accents and
Speech_sound_disorder
Merging of two syllables into one
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Synalepha
Pronouncing "t" as a glottal stop
Pre-L Pre-R Development of consonants Single consonants Clusters Variable features Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping Flat A H-dropping L-vocalization NG
T-glottalization
Situational pronunciation of /r/ in non-rhotic varieties of English
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Linking_and_intrusive_R
Loss of a sound within a word
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Syncope_(phonology)
Consonant sounds associated with the digraph ⟨ng⟩
Pre-L Pre-R Development of consonants Single consonants Clusters Variable features Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping Flat A H-dropping L-vocalization NG
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨ng⟩
Elision through dissimilation
In Zwicky, Arnold M.; Salus, Peter H.; Binnick, Robert I.; Vanek, Anthony L. (eds.). Studies out in Left Field: Defamatory essays presented to James D
Haplology
Change in tone contour based on adjacent syllable tones
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Tone_sandhi
Digraph representing a sound that has changed
that begin with WH". Daily Writing Tips. Retrieved 27 April 2026. Barber, C.L., Early Modern English, Edinburgh University Press 1997, p. 18. Robert McColl
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨wh⟩
Vowel shift
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Raising_(sound_change)
Vowel sound change
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Monophthongization
before developing around the early 15th century to [hauf, kauf] by L-vocalization. In accents of England the development was subsequently the same as
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨a⟩
Loss of the vowel at the beginning of a word
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Apheresis_(linguistics)
Duration of a vowel sound
the long [ɔʊː] corresponds to the non-prevocalic sequence /ɔːl/ (see l-vocalization). The following are minimal pairs of length: The difference is lost
Vowel_length
Sounds produced by whales
in the scientific community regarding the uniqueness of the whale's vocalization and whether it is a member of a hybrid whale such as the well documented
Whale_vocalization
Sound changes
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Fronting_(sound_change)
Sound system of New York City English
William for some speakers [ˈwɪʎjɨm] or even [ˈwɪjɨm]. Vocalization of /l/: L-vocalization is common in New York City though it is perhaps not as pervasive as
New_York_accent
Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩
/θ/) can never be labiodental. Instead, it is realized as any of [ð, ð̞, d, l, ʔ], or is dropped altogether. Many speakers of African American Vernacular
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩
Sound changes
to [h] Th-alveolarization: merger with alveolar fricatives [s, z] L-vocalization: [l] changes to an approximant or vowel, such as [w], [o] or [ʊ]. This
Phonological history of English
Phonological_history_of_English
Undead creature from Norse mythology
and disappear at will. It is thought that the form trow stems from L-vocalization of Norn: troll, and then intermixing with drow via linguistic and figurative
Draugr
spellings ou, and ow as in soul, dough, tow, know, though etc. or through L-vocalization as in bolt, cold, folk, roll etc., while that descended from Early Modern
Phonological history of English diphthongs
Phonological_history_of_English_diphthongs
Adding sounds to the end of a word
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Paragoge
Consonantal change
approximant [l], usually sourced from combinations of [l] with a voiceless obstruent. The product is a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]. In Welsh
Fortition
Mid-Atlantic American English. This fronting does not generally occur before /l/, a relatively retracted consonant. Phonological history of English Phonological
Phonological history of English open back vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_open_back_vowels
Sound changes
preceded by a labial consonant, such as /p/, /f/, /b/, or was followed by /l/, /ʃ/, or /tʃ/, leaving the modern /ʊ/. Because of the inconsistency of the
Phonological history of English close back vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_close_back_vowels
Phenomenon in linguistics
distinction and assimilation of voice in Dutch. Helmond: Wibro. 2-3. Sihler, Andrew L. 2000. Language History: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 21–22
Assimilation_(phonology)
Standard accent for British English
caused by the raising of the back of the tongue for the /l/. If the speaker has "l-vocalization" the /l/ is realised as a back rounded vowel, which again is
Received_Pronunciation
Switching the order of sounds
getting stuck" [ < di-ʼa-ni-sh-ł-bąąs < 'a- + di- + ni- + sh- + ł + -bąąs] instead of the expected *adinisbąąs (a-di-ni-sh-ł-bąąs) (a- is reduced to -).
Metathesis_(linguistics)
Simplification of consonant clusters in certain environments
cluster. In general, children may have trouble with the production of liquids /l/ and /r/. To simplify clusters that include these liquids, children may replace
Cluster_reduction
Pronunciation of a latent word-final consonant immediately before a following vowel sound
to be realized in highly informal speech (where one might instead hear [i(l).z‿ɔ̃.ʔa.tɑ̃.dy] and [taʔa.tɑ̃.dy], or simply [ta.a.tɑ̃.dy].) On the other
Liaison_(French)
Systematic change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Vowel_shift
West Germanic language of the High and Late Middle Ages
In the vast majority of the Middle Dutch area, it developed through l-vocalization from older /ol/ and /al/ followed by a dental consonant. In the eastern
Middle_Dutch
Combination of two adjacent vowel sounds
diphthongs, Bernese German has numerous phonetic diphthongs due to L-vocalization in the syllable coda, for instance the following ones: [au̯] as in Stau
Diphthong
Grammatical change of vowels in Indo-European languages
laryngeals and the two semi-vowels: The syllabic sonorants are m, n, r and l, which could be consonants much as they are in English, but they could also
Indo-European_ablaut
English-based creole spoken in Hawaii
becomes [dæt]. An example is "Broke da mout" (tasted good). L-vocalization: Word-final l [l~ɫ] is often pronounced [o] or [ol]. For instance, mental /mɛntəl/
Hawaiian_Pidgin
Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Alternation_(linguistics)
Omission of sounds in words or phrases
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Elision
Visual representation of speech sounds
glottal stop; see t-glottalization) and the second /l/ as a vowel resembling [o] (L-vocalization). Thus, on the one hand, phonetically, little can be
Phonetic_transcription
City in southwestern North Macedonia
from the Tosk Albanian rhotacism -n- into -r- and Eastern South Slavic l-vocalization ly- into o-. It became capital of the First Bulgarian Empire in the
Ohrid
Loss of word-final sounds
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Apocope
Secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Labialization
Dialect of English spoken in Birmingham, England
/l/ differs significantly from Received Pronunciation. For male speakers, /l/ is frequently dark ([ɫ]) in all positions. Furthermore, L-vocalization (vocalizing
Brummie_dialect
Phonological process
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Final-obstruent_devoicing
Pronunciation of 'r' across English dialects
synonymous with "non-rhotic" include "/r/-deleting", "r-dropping", "r-vocalizing", and "r-less"; synonyms for "rhotic" include "/r/-pronouncing", "r-constricting"
Rhoticity_in_English
Pronouncing "th" as "f" or "v"
Pre-L Pre-R Development of consonants Single consonants Clusters Variable features Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping Flat A H-dropping L-vocalization NG
Th-fronting
Stage in child development and language acquisition
Sometimes during the babbling period, the motions can be made without any vocalization at all. Signing infants produce manual babbling through similar rhythmic
Babbling
Largest species of toothed whale
seal and Cuvier's beaked whale. The sperm whale uses echolocation and vocalization with source level as loud as 236 decibels (re 1 μPa m) underwater, the
Sperm_whale
Script used for languages in Ethiopia and Eritrea
indicating that vocalization could have occurred much earlier.[better source needed] As a result, some [who?] believe that the vocalization may have been
Geʽez_script
Communicative behavior by some members of the Felidae family
produce this vocalization at around 5 weeks in snow leopards. This vocalization is distinct from friendly and non-threatening vocalizations produced by
Prusten
Sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Apophony
Production of a sound while the velum is lowered
A nasal lateral has been reported for some languages, Nzema contrasts /l, l̃/, Nemi contrasts /w, w̥, h, w̃, w̥̃, h̃/. Other languages, such as the Khoisan
Nasalization
Phonetic change of /t/ and /d/ between vowels
party) and occasionally /l/ (as in faulty). Flapping after /l/ is more common in Canadian English than in American English. Syllabic /l/ may also follow the
Flapping
Phonetic sound change
paths ([ð]) youth ([θ]) - youths ([ð]) house ([s]) – houses ([z]) Sonorants (/l r w j/) following aspirated fortis plosives (that is, /p t k/ in the onsets
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Consonant_voicing_and_devoicing
Phonological process involving the addition of one or more sounds to a word
/ˈnɛʁdʒi/; stress > /isˈtɾɛsi/; McDonald's > /mɛkiˈdonawdʒis/ with normal vocalization of /l/ to /w/. Most speakers pronounce borrowings with spelling pronunciations
Epenthesis
Horvath) Horvath, R. J. and Horvath, B. M., 2002, The geolinguistics of /l/ vocalization in Australia and New Zealand, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6, 319–346
Ronald_Horvath
; Buchwald, J. S.; Johnson, J. R.; Mikolich, D. J. (November 1978). "Vocalization in the cat and kitten". Developmental Psychobiology. 11 (6): 559–570
Cat_communication
Variety of English spoken in Ghana
as [ɻ], due to influence from Akan. L-vocalization or reduction is present at times when one would see syllabic l: available [avelabuˡ], apple [apɔ],
Ghanaian_English
Sound changes affecting each other
gradation Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel
Chain_shift
Brazilian Portuguese dialect from Rio Grande do Sul
including its characteristics of the speaking syllabic rhythm, use of L-vocalization in the syllable coda, and little use of nasal vowels, basically restricted
Gaúcho_dialect
Sound change towards glottal articulation
*k, *ŋ Marquesan /ʔ/ < PPn *l, *r Mangarevan /ʔ/ < PPn *f, *s Rurutu /ʔ/ < PPn *k, *ŋ, *f, *s Hawaiian /ʔ/ < PPn *k, *l, *r. Older /ɡ/ was spirantized
Debuccalization
Phonological history of English Phonological history of English vowels Barber, C. L. (1997). Early Modern English. Edinburgh University Press. p. 313. Alexander
Phonological history of English close front vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_close_front_vowels
Pre-L Pre-R Development of consonants Single consonants Clusters Variable features Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping Flat A H-dropping L-vocalization NG
English-language vowel changes before historical /r/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/r/
Linguistic phenomenon where sounds diverge
dissimilation is particularly common with liquid consonants such as /r/ and /l/ when they occur in a sequence. The phenomenon is often credited to horror
Dissimilation_(phonology)
Insertion of a sound at the beginning of a word
prothesis is reported for Crimean Tatars when they speak Russian. James L. Barker writes: "If an Arab, an East Indian, a Frenchman, Spaniard, or Italian
Prothesis_(linguistics)
Species of whale; largest animal known
some blue whale songs have temporally declined in tonal frequency. The vocalization of blue whales in the Eastern North Pacific decreased in tonal frequency
Blue_whale
The Old English consonant clusters /hl/, /hr/ and /hn/ were reduced to /l/, /r/, and /n/ in Middle English. For example, Old English hlāf, hring and
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Surname list
Kazakhstani sport shooter All pages with titles containing Dovgun L-vocalization Dovhan This page lists people with the surname Dovgun. If an internal
Dovgun
Sound change where one feature separates into two; opposite of fusion
Armenian changed the Proto-Indo European syllabic sonorants *m̥, *n̥, *r̥, and *l̥ to am, an, ar, and al: this kept the syllabic nature of the sound, while preserving
Unpacking_(linguistics)
Dialect of American English
iggle. L-vocalization is also common in the Western Pennsylvania dialect; an /l/ then sounds like a /w/ or a cross between a vowel and a "dark" /l/ at the
Western_Pennsylvania_English
Regional dialect of American English
for instance, this may sound more like diss. L–vocalization is common at the end of a word. The sound /l/ is often replaced by the semivowel or glide
Baltimore_accent
Sound change in vowels
camel's case it is used as one. "To ride" means lovagol, in which "o", and "l" are supposed to switch places. Lovag means knight, and "to ride a horse"
Vowel_harmony
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Paulos, PÃL means "small."
Boy/Male
Irish
Rooster.
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Australian, Danish, German, Muslim, Pashtun, Swahili
Pure; L; Holy; Clean; Dean
Male
Dutch
, God's judge.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Miner; L Digger
Male
French
Masculine form of French Gaëlle, GAËL means "holy and generous."
Male
Norwegian
Norwegian variant form of Scandinavian Njal, NJÃ…L means "champion."
Male
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Greek MichaÄ“l, MÃCHEÃL means "who is like God?"
Girl/Female
Muslim
Pl of hazz, Fortune, Good l
Girl/Female
Indian
Pl of hazz, Fortune, Good l
Girl/Female
Assamese, British, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malay, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Oriya, Sindhi, Tamil
Like a Goddess; Daughter of Shukraacharya; L
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Roman Latin Cornelius, KORNÉL means "of a horn."
Male
French
French name derived from Latin natalis dies, NOËL means "day of birth."
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord of majesty and generosity
Boy/Male
Muslim
Lord of majesty and generosity
Male
Swedish
Swedish form of Greek Paulos, PÃ…L means "small."
Male
Irish
Irish form of Greek Paulos, PÓL means "small."
Male
Scottish
Scottish form of Latin Paulus, PÀL means "small."
Male
French
French form of Greek Ioel (Hebrew Yowel), JOËL means "Jehovah is God" or "to whom Jehovah is God."
Male
French
French form of Hebrew Rephael, RAPHAËL means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed."
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION
L VOCALIZATION