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Production of a sound while the velum is lowered
Alphabet, nasalization is indicated by printing a tilde diacritic U+0303 ◌̃ COMBINING TILDE above the symbol for the sound to be nasalized: [ã] is the
Nasalization
Pronunciation of a vowel through the nose as well as the mouth
/ɑ̃/ or Amoy [ɛ̃]. By contrast, oral vowels are produced without nasalization. Nasalized vowels are vowels influenced by nearby sounds. For instance, the
Nasal_vowel
Sound made by stopping airflow in the glottis
following: Inducing nasalization on surrounding vowels, where their non-nasal counterparts do not (such as /Vʔ̃V/ → [Ṽʔ̃Ṽ]). Nasalizing as a result of adjacency
Glottal_stop
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨w⟩ in IPA
that represents this sound is typically ⟨w̃⟩ (a nasalized ⟨w⟩), though for preciseness ⟨ɰ̃ʷ⟩ (a nasalized and labialized ⟨ɰ⟩) may also be seen. Features
Voiced labial–velar approximant
Voiced_labial–velar_approximant
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨h⟩ in IPA
intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most speech sounds. A nasalized voiceless glottal fricative or approximant is a type of consonantal sound
Voiceless_glottal_fricative
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨β⟩ in IPA
realization of /w/; nasal syllable allophone in free variation with a nasalized approximant [w̃] Ewe Eʋe [èβe] 'Ewe' Contrasts with both [v] and [w] Fijian
Voiced_bilabial_fricative
Type of occlusive consonant
somewhat to assume that nasalization in occlusives is allophonic. There is then a second step in claiming that nasal vowels nasalize oral occlusives, rather
Nasal_consonant
Diacritical mark
ǫǫ ǫ́ǫ́) Ojibwe in older Romanization standards, representing either nasalization or vowel backing (ą, ąą, ą́, ę, įį, ǫǫ) scholarly transcriptions of Old
Ogonek
Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel
contrastive aspirated fricatives: /sʰ/ /ɕʰ/, /ʂʰ/, and /xʰ/. Phonemically nasalized fricatives are rare. Umbundu has /ṽ/, Kwangali[citation needed] and Souletin
Fricative
Language spoken in Indonesia
or weak. Vowels are lengthened when stressed and in an open syllable. Nasalization extends from nasal consonants to the following vowels, continuing until
Selayar_language
Consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For
Plosive
Latin letter O with tilde
alphabet, similar to the Portuguese "õ", but with somewhat less stressed nasalization. In Hungarian, Õ only appears when a typeface (font set) does not contain
Õ
Type of click consonant
embedded in a phrase after a vowel the nasalization can usually be heard: any preceding vowel will be nasalized or the click will be prenasalized. This
Glottalized_click
Latin letter N with tilde above
also been adopted in both Breton and Rohingya, where it indicates the nasalization of the preceding vowel. Unlike many other letters that use diacritics
Ñ
Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɾ⟩ in IPA
regional phonology and flapping North American Guarani porã [põˈɾ̃ã] 'good' Nasalized allophone of /ɾ/ as a result of nasal harmony. See Guarani language §
Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps
Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps
Indigenous American language
or as the result of nasalizing grade, a grammatical ablaut, which indicates intensification through lengthening and nasalization of a vowel (likoth- 'warm'
Muscogee_language
Alphabetic writing system
for the letters M, Q and W) to write consonants and vowels. Tones and nasalization are written with Roman punctuation marks, identical to those found on
Fraser_script
Type of consonant used in many spoken languages
⟨ɉ⟩ (a barred ⟨j⟩) may also be used to represent this approximant. A nasalized voiced palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some
Voiced_palatal_approximant
Oto-Manguean language group of Mexico
analyses agree that nasalization is contrastive and that it is somewhat restricted. In most varieties, it is clear that nasalization is limited to the right
Mixtec_languages
Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Chad, Cameroon and Nigeria
Ngambay (also known as Sara, Sara Ngambai, Gamba, Gambaye, Gamblai and Ngambai) is one of the major languages spoken by Sara people in southwestern Chad
Ngambay_language
Panoan language spoken in Peru and Brazil
can be as central as [ɨ]. The oral vowels /i, ɯ, o, a/ are phonetically nasalized [ĩ, ɯ̃, õ, ã] after a nasal consonant, but the phonological behaviour
Shipibo–Konibo_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɦ⟩ in IPA
Egurtzegi, Ander (2015-06-30). "Different distributions of contrastive vowel nasalization in Basque". Loquens. 2 (1): e017. doi:10.3989/loquens.2015.017. ISSN 2386-2637
Voiced_glottal_fricative
Diacritic in Indic scripts
Word-finally, it is realized as nasalization of the preceding vowel: kuṃā [kʊ̃ãː], "a well". It results in vowel nasalization also medially between a short
Anusvara
Diacritic mark typically denoting nazalization, in Indian abugidas
Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts. It usually means that the previous vowel is nasalized. In Hindi, it is replaced in writing by anusvara when it is written above
Chandrabindu
Alphabet and spelling
grave accent, the tilde, and the cedilla to denote stress, vowel height, nasalization, and other sound changes. The diaeresis was abolished by the last Orthography
Portuguese_orthography
Click articulated at the upper teeth
convention is the click letter with diacritics for voicelessness, voicing and nasalization; this would require something like the guttural diacritic ◌̴ to distinguish
Dental_click
Sound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tract
vowels being marginal to any category. Nasalization occurs when air escapes through the nose. Vowels are often nasalized under the influence of neighbouring
Vowel
Dialect of Brazilian Portuguese
fedito). Words may gain or lose nasalization ([NASAL+]) (ordenou → ordeou, economizar → enconomizar). The addition of nasalization may happen with /i/ and /e/
Caipira_dialect
Latin letter A with tilde
pronounced as nasalized open front unrounded vowel ([ã]). In the dialect present in counties of Puck and Wejherowo, it is pronounced as nasalized open-mid
Ã
R-coloring in Mandarin Chinese syllables
[jəʵ] [ɥəʵ]. Some merge -uor with -uir/-unr, as [wəʵ]. Some lose the nasalization of -ngr, thus potentially merging pairs like -ir/-ingr, -enr/-engr and
Erhua
Dialect of English
[nuˈjɔə], and so on.[dubious – discuss] This can expand to heavy nasalization, where nasalization spreads to additional phonemes. Some features of Cajun English
Cajun_English
Niger–Congo language of the Igbo people, mainly spoken in Nigeria
Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties. The first book to publish Igbo terms
Igbo_language
Niger–Congo language cluster
languages. Nasalization plays an important role in the vowel inventory: every vowel in the Gbe languages occurs in a non-nasalized and a nasalized form. Capo
Gbe_languages
Cyrillic letter
represents a nasalized front vowel, possibly [ɛ̃] (like the French ‘in’ in “cinq” or Polish 'ę' in “kęs”), while big yus represents a nasalized back vowel
Yus
inflectional endings, and therefore does not cause nasalization. Examples showing these developments: The nasalization of *ų̄ was eventually lost. However, when
History_of_Proto-Slavic
Eastern Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil
k b d ɡ s r w j h/, and its vowels are /i ɨ u e a o/, with syllable nasalization and pitch accent occurring as well. The following words show some of
Tuyuca_language
Phonetic changes in the French language
French period: Nasalization of /a/, /e/, /ɔ/ before /n/ or /m/ (originally, in all circumstances, including when a vowel followed). Nasalization occurs before
Phonological history of French
Phonological_history_of_French
Tuu language of southwestern Botswana and eastern Namibia
ou, ui, ue, ua/. All plain vowels may be nasalized. No other phonation may be nasalized, but nasalization occurs in combination with other phonations
Taa_language
Diacritic used in Latin alphabets
and Portuguese: c cedilha (or c cedilhado). It is used to mark vowel nasalization in many languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, including Vute from Cameroon
Cedilla
Sounds and pronunciation of Portuguese
Vowel nasalization in some dialects of Brazilian Portuguese is very different from that of French, for example. In French, the nasalization extends
Portuguese_phonology
Type of speech sound
'adjudicate'. Authors have occasionally used the terms "nasal approximants" and "nasalized approximants" to describe sounds with varying degrees of nasality. While
Approximant
Type of articulation
voiceless [mᵖ]) in many dialects of Chinese. (At least in the Chinese case, nasalization, in some dialects, continues in a reduced degree to the vowel, indicating
Prenasalized_consonant
Evolution of the Portuguese language
[ʁaˈiɲɐ] (BP) ~ [ʁaˈĩj̃ɐ] (BP, AP) (queen) Progressive nasalization—The spread of nasalization forward from a nasal consonant, especially [m]. mātrem
History_of_Portuguese
Austronesian language spoken in Vanuatu
or Bangsa’ is an Oceanic language of central Malekula, Vanuatu. It has nasalized fricatives and a bilabial trill. The four Avava-speaking villages speak
Avava_language
Latin letter O with acute accent and ogonek
letter O with an acute accent and an ogonek. Ǫ́ is generally used to mark nasalization along with stress or high tone in American indigenous languages such
Ǫ́
Type of sound and sound change in phonetics
that was removed from the extIPA chart as being potentially confusing. Nasalization Hypernasal speech Williamson, Graham (2016-08-15). "Denasalization".
Denasalization
Modern writing system of 33 letters
identically. Two "yuses", "big" ⟨ѫ⟩ and "small" ⟨ѧ⟩, used to stand for nasalized vowels /õ/ and /ẽ/. According to linguistic reconstruction, both became
Russian_alphabet
French-based creole in Louisiana
Louisiana Creole also exhibits progressive nasalization: vowels following a nasal consonant are nasalized, e.g. konnin [kɔ̃nɛ̃] 'to know'. Louisiana Creole
Louisiana_Creole
Punctuation and accent mark (~, ◌̃)
causing encoding problems when the actual Middle Vietnamese tilde for nasalization is used alongside it. A macron was used to make abbreviations in medieval
Tilde
Unicode character block
Unicode block containing cantillation marks for writing the Samaveda, and nasalization marks for the Devanagari script. The following Unicode-related documents
Devanagari_Extended
Language of the Osage people of North America
became ð before oral vowels and n before nasal vowels, but since the nasalization has often been lost, there are minimal pairs and /l, n/ are now separate
Osage_language
Extinct Na-Dené language of US
vowel qualities /ɪ e a ə ʊ/, three of which also distinguish duration, nasalization, creaky voice (i.e. glottalization), and breathy voice (‘aspiration’
Eyak_language
Romance language
/ɑ/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/, /ə/, /i/, /o/, /ɔ/, /y/, /u/, /œ/, /ø/, plus the nasalized vowels /ɑ̃/, /ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/ and /œ̃/. In France, the vowels /ɑ/, /ɛː/ and
French_language
Sound change converting an alveolar consonant to a rhotic consonant
Irish, /n/ becomes /r/ in a variety of consonant clusters, often with nasalization of the following vowel. For example, the /kn/ cluster developed into
Rhotacism
Romance language
grave accent, the tilde, and the cedilla to denote stress, vowel height, nasalization, and other sound changes. The diaeresis was abolished by the last Orthography
Portuguese_language
Austronesian language
contrasts. Anticipation of final nasal consonants causes final vowels to nasalize, even when the final nasal consonant is elided in actual speech. Anticipation
Bukawa_language
Transcription system for High German dialects
ẽ are rounded and nasalized e, while ë̈, ẽ̃ are extra-rounded and extra-nasalized e and ë᪻, ẽ᪻ are slightly rounded and nasalized e. Parentheses around
Teuthonista
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɰ⟩ in IPA
intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most speech sounds. A nasalized voiced velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken
Voiced_velar_approximant
Indo-Aryan language
ISBN 9789811303876. Narang, G. C.; Becker, D. A. (1971). "Aspiration and nasalization in the generative phonology of Hindi–Urdu". Language. 47 (3): 646–767
Urdu
Consonant sound change
environment as more prototypical lenition. (It may also leave a residue of nasalization in adjacent vowels.) The orthography shows that by inserting an h (except
Lenition
Sounds and pronunciation of the Sotho language
changes are nasalization, palatalization, alveolarization, velarization, vowel elision, vowel raising, and labialization. Sesotho nasalization and vowel-raising
Sotho_phonology
Consonants produced with a single muscle contraction
palatal tap in some realizations, though this is not directly attested). Nasalized consonants include taps and flaps, although these are rarely phonemic
Tap_and_flap_consonants
Topics referred to by the same term
Nasality may refer to: Nasalization, phonetic feature of normal speech Nasality (disorder), excessive nasalization as a speech disorder This disambiguation
Nasality
Ancient script of Central and South Asia
various modified pronunciations depending on the consonant, such as nasalization or aspiration. It is used with k, ṣ, g, c, j, n, m, ś, ṣ, s, and h. The
Kharosthi
Chinantecan language of Mexico
nasalized as /ĩ ɯ̃ ũ ɛ̃ ɤ̃ õ ã/. The language is unusual in having, for some speakers, a three-way contrast between non-nasalized, lightly nasalized,
Palantla_Chinantec
Language of the Omaha and Ponca people
Siouan-Catawban language but has developed some of its own rules for nasalization and aspiration. What were once allophones in Proto-Siouan-Catawban have
Omaha–Ponca_language
Process of language change that affects pronunciation or sound system structure
status. Nasalization: Vowels followed by nasal consonants can become nasalized. If the nasal consonant is lost but the vowel retains its nasalized pronunciation
Sound_change
Latin letter R with tilde
rolled R in English), combined with the tilde diacritic, which indicates nasalization. PHOIBLE lists the phoneme [r̃] as an attested sound segment in 10 languages
R̃
System of phonetic notation
aspiration, as in [kʰ] vs [kʰʰ]. Nasalization, as in Palantla Chinantec lightly nasalized /ẽ/ vs heavily nasalized /ẽ̃/; in documents from before 2025
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Min Chinese language
also shares denasalization of historical nasal consonants and vocalic nasalization with Southern Min varieties. Pu–Xian Min has been shown to be 62% cognate
Pu–Xian_Min
Click consonant sound
convention is the click letter with diacritics for voicelessness, voicing and nasalization; this would require something like the guttural diacritic ◌̴ to distinguish
Alveolar_click
Siouan language of US Midwest
-wi 1.EX.A- do -PL 'We (exclusive) do' Another frequently occurring nasalization pattern is /r/ to [n] alternation: /r/ is pronounced as [n] when it immediately
Ho-Chunk_language
Affix giving a suprasegmental pattern in linguistics
affix that gives a suprasegmental pattern (such as tone, stress, or nasalization) to either a neutral base or a base with a preexisting suprasegmental
Suprafix
Indigenous language of British Columbia, Canada
tone are low. For example, tsun means 'dirt', while tsùn means 'meat'. Nasalization of vowels is phonemic. The root *ghèl means 'scrape', while the root
Sekani_language
Branch of the Min Chinese languages
上海教育出版社. p. 238. Lien, Chinfa (2000-09-01). "Denasalization, Vocalic Nasalization and Related Issues in Southern Min: A Dialectal and Comparative Perspective"
Southern_Min
Variety of Portuguese language
represents nasalization of the preceding vowel. But when the ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩ is syllable-initial (i.e. followed by a vowel), it represents nasalization only of
Brazilian_Portuguese
Latin letter G with tilde
alphabets with this letter are: Guarani alphabet – where the tilde marks nasalization of /g/, representing the sound /ŋ/ Filipino alphabet – during the Spanish
G̃
System of sounds for the Afrikaans language
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For
Afrikaans_phonology
Direct descendants of Vulgar Latin
marking the nasalisation of the vowel before it. This nasal vowel lost its nasalization in the Romance languages except in monosyllables, where it became /n/
Romance_languages
Jukunoid language of Nigeria, also called Wukari or Kororofa
nasal processes." In Nasalfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, pp. 249–264 Wapan language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Wapan_language
Athabaskan language
orthography are as follows: Vowels are differentiated for nasalization and high, mid, and low tone. Nasalized: į, ų, ę, ą̈, ǫ, ą High tone: í, ú, é, ä́ , ó, á
Northern_Tutchone_language
Northern Iroquoian language of North America
latter is not phonemic, but surfaces due to a phonological pattern of nasalization, where underlying /a/ becomes [ã] when following a nasal vowel. Sometimes
Cayuga_language
Phonetic phenomenon
Ohala, John J. (eds.). Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, Universals Language Project, Stanford University, Stanford. pp. 265–87
Rhinoglottophilia
Latin letter O with ogonek
Navajo. In such languages, it represents either a nasalized close-mid back rounded vowel ([õ]), or a nasalized ([ɔ̃]). It is also used in the Latin transcription
Ǫ
Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Chhattisgarh, India
also be heard as a tap [ɾ]. /ə/ can also be heard as back [ʌ], [ɐ]. Nasalization is also phonemically distinctive. The following is a sample text in Chhattisgarhi
Chhattisgarhi_language
Unstandardized language spoken in Emilia, Italy
Grammatica – Vocabolario. Forni. ISBN 9788827129173. Tuttle, E. F. (1991). "Nasalization in Northern Italy: Syllabic Constraints and Strength Scales as Developmental
Emilian_language
Barbacoan language spoken in Ecuador
/ɹ/ is heard as [ɾ] when occurring word-initially, and when following a nasalized vowel, an allophone [n] occurs. /s/ is heard as [ʃ] when preceding high
Tsafiki_language
Standard for romanization of Indic scripts
disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in the table below. The table below shows the differences
ISO_15919
Phonology of the Irish language
lenis version (nasalized semivowel or labial fricative) came to be pronounced as a regular semivowel or fricative along with nasalization of the preceding
Irish_phonology
Group of West Germanic languages
Backing and nasalization of West Germanic a and ā before a nasal consonant Loss of n before a spirant, resulting in lengthening and nasalization of preceding
Anglo-Frisian_languages
Subgroup of the Jê languages
innovation of Proto-Goyaz Jê. The oral vowels */a u y/ of Proto-Cerrado were nasalized preceding the nasal coda *-m’ in Proto-Goyaz Jê: Proto-Cerrado *kumtym’
Goyaz_Jê_languages
Arabic-like alphabet for Wolof
joined as in Arabic. There is a mark above some letters to show pre-nasalization. The letter labeled alif is used like its counterpart in Arabic, coming
Garay_alphabet
Lakes Plain language native to Indonesia
heavily tonal and for lacking nasal consonants: there are no nasal or nasalized consonants or vowels, even allophonically. Abawiri has sixteen obstruent
Abawiri
Alphabet of the Occitan language
consonants other than m, b, and p /n/ /ⁿ/ after consonants (with semi-nasalization of the last vowel) (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)
Occitan_alphabet
Northeast Caucasian language
There are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi. Nasalized vowels may also exist as /ĩ, ẽ, ã, õ, ũ/ and as long-nasalized /ĩː, ẽː, ãː, õː, ũː/. Tindi is typically
Tindi_language
Topics referred to by the same term
inadequacy Nasal hair, the hair in the nose With reference to phonetics: Nasalization, the production of a sound with a lowered velum, allowing some of the
Nasal
Latin letter I with ogonek
was used to denote the nasalized close front unrounded vowel ([ĩ]). Currently, it appears in the words that used to be nasalized in the past, for example
Į
Emberá language of Colombia and Panama
In Northern Emberá, regressive nasalization is reported to appear only with some speakers. The domain of nasalization is blocked by voiceless obstruents
Northern_Emberá_language
Endangered indigenous language of Ecuador and Colombia
/ᵐbia.a/ [bi̯a.ʔa] (long=ADJR) /ᵐbia.a/ [bi̯a.ʔa] (long=ADJR) 'long' Nasalization is a major feature of the Aʼingae sound system. As already seen, there
Cofán_language
Curved diacritic used in the early Vietnamese alphabet
apex, was a curved diacritic used in the 17th century to mark final nasalization in the early Vietnamese alphabet. It was an adoption of the Portuguese
Vietnamese_tilde
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION
NASALIZATION