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Cell division into two identical cells
Mitosis (/maɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a part of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division
Mitosis
Events leading to cell division
the M phase that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, and replicates its DNA
Cell_cycle
Cell division producing haploid gametes
chromatids is released and they segregate from one another, as during mitosis. In some cases, all four of the meiotic products form gametes such as sperm
Meiosis
Biological process
there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division (mitosis), producing daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell, and
Cell_division
Failure to separate properly during cell division
chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of
Nondisjunction
First phase of mitosis and meiosis
φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the first stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. Beginning after interphase, DNA has already been replicated
Prophase
Biological factor
Maturation-promoting factor (abbreviated MPF, also called mitosis-promoting factor or M-Phase-promoting factor) is the cyclin–Cdk complex that was discovered
Maturation_promoting_factor
Novel series by Brandon Sanderson
Firefight books. In it, the Epic Mitosis does not believe that David was the one to bring down Steelheart. Mitosis's ability is to split into multiple
The_Reckoners
Biological process
gametocytes into sexually dimorphic gametes, or by mitosis. For example, plants produce gametes through mitosis in gametophytes. The gametophytes grow from haploid
Gametogenesis
Third subphase of interphase
the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s
G2_phase
Increase of the total mass of a cell
which the genome is replicated during S-phase but there is no subsequent mitosis (M-phase) or cell division (cytokinesis). These large endoreplicating cells
Cell_growth
teleosts, and mitosis. The rigid arrangement of centrioles in a diplosome is generally established after the procentriole is formed during mitosis. Primary
Diplosome
Two identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere
chromatids are separated from each other into two different cells during mitosis or during the second division of meiosis. Compare sister chromatids to
Sister_chromatids
Series of stages of an organism
"sporic". The cycles differ in when mitosis (growth) occurs. Zygotic meiosis and gametic meiosis have one mitotic stage: mitosis occurs during the n phase in
Biological_life_cycle
Cell proliferation that does not occur by mitosis
most prokaryotes. It differs from other forms of cell division (e.g., mitosis, meiosis) as it does not involve the mitotic apparatus (spindle formation)
Amitosis
Polish-German botanist (1844–1912)
and one of the most famous botanists of the 19th century. He discovered mitosis in plants. Eduard Strasburger was born in Warsaw, Congress Poland, the
Eduard_Strasburger
Chemical compound
this plant, vindesine is an inhibitor of mitosis that is used as a chemotherapy drug. By inhibiting mitosis, vinedsine blocks the proliferation of cells
Vindesine
Genus of single-celled organisms
life stages: a free-living trophozoite stage and a cyst stage in which mitosis occurs. This taxon has received a great deal of attention due to their
Vampyrella
Nuclear protein
cycle progression. It influences cell size by inhibiting the entry into mitosis, through inhibiting Cdk1. Wee1 has homologues in many other organisms,
Wee1
Biological process
germinate and divide by mitosis to form a haploid multicellular phase, the gametophyte, which produces gametes directly by mitosis. This type of life cycle
Sexual_reproduction
Shape change in animal cells
undergo mitosis. Cells abandon the spread or elongated shape characteristic of interphase and contract into a spherical morphology during mitosis. The phenomenon
Mitotic_cell_rounding
Mechanism of transmission of gene expression programs through cell division
transmission of gene expression programs through cell division. During mitosis, gene transcription is silenced and most transcription factors are removed
Bookmarking
American biophysicist
different parts of mitosis, microtubules, and motor proteins. Most of McIntosh's work focuses on the process of mitosis in the cell. Mitosis is the process
J._Richard_McIntosh
Type of protein or peptide
division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis). Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen. Mitogens act primarily
Mitogen
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
heterochromatin, which is sometimes expressed. In the early stages of mitosis or meiosis (cell division), the chromatin double helix becomes more and
Chromosome
is a member of the GIN4 family of kinases, which prevent progression of mitosis if there is a problem with septin. The N-terminus contains a sequence characteristic
Mitosis inducer protein kinase cdr2
Mitosis_inducer_protein_kinase_cdr2
Exchange of genetic material
chromatid belonging to the sister chromatid complex before anaphase in mitosis. The staining revealed that few segments were passed to the sister chromatid
Sister_chromatid_exchange
Haploid sex cell
by mitosis. In animals there is no corresponding multicellular haploid phase. The sperm of plants that reproduce using spores are formed by mitosis in
Gamete
Polymer of tubulin that forms part of the cytoskeleton
macromolecular assemblies. They are also involved in cell division (by mitosis and meiosis) and are the main constituents of mitotic spindles, which are
Microtubule
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
concentration of cyclins to switch them from G2 phase into mitosis than to stay in mitosis once begun. Additionally, because the [cyclin] required to
Hysteresis
Enclosure in which spores are formed
sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct
Sporangium
Control mechanism in the eukaryotic cell cycle
cell synthesizes various proteins in preparation for division; and the M (mitosis) phase, during which the duplicated chromosomes (known as the sister chromatids)
Cell_cycle_checkpoint
Field of study in biology
with meiosis. The mitosis theory states that meiosis evolved from mitosis. According to this theory, early eukaryotes evolved mitosis first, became established
Origin and function of meiosis
Origin_and_function_of_meiosis
Final stage of cell division
(/ˌsaɪtoʊkɪˈniːsɪs/) is the final stage of cell division in the cell cycle, following mitosis. During cytokinesis the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided
Cytokinesis
Antifungal medication used for dermatophytoses
result in harm to the baby. Griseofulvin works by interfering with fungal mitosis. Griseofulvin was discovered in 1939 from the soil fungus Penicillium griseofulvum
Griseofulvin
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
chemotherapy now means the non-specific use of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or to induce DNA damage (so that DNA repair can augment
Chemotherapy
Feature of biological cell structure
between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic
Spindle_apparatus
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
the zygote begins to grow through nuclear and cellular divisions, called mitosis, eventually becoming a small group of cells. One section of it becomes
Flower
Cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms
checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms that ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis until damaged or incompletely replicated DNA is sufficiently repaired.
G2-M_DNA_damage_checkpoint
G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle
for mitosis, and conducts other "normal" cell functions. A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis, but since mitosis is
Interphase
Nuclear membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
reticulum show up during mitosis. In addition to the breakdown of the nuclear membrane during the prometaphase stage of mitosis, the nuclear membrane also
Nuclear_envelope
Second stage of mitosis and meiosis
Prometaphase is the stage of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase in eukaryotic somatic cells. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks
Prometaphase
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
marks the end of the prophase of mitosis. However, this disassembly of the nucleus is not a universal feature of mitosis and does not occur in all cells
Cell_nucleus
Biological process
gymnosperm plant. Mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in gametes. Mitosis The resultant
Reproduction
Cell division inhibitor
microtubule inhibitor, or tubulin inhibitor, is a drug that inhibits mitosis, or cell division, and is used in treating cancer, gout, and nail fungus
Mitotic_inhibitor
German biologist (1843–1925)
called mitosis from the Greek word for thread. However, he did not see the splitting into identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis both
Walther_Flemming
Cell cycle checkpoint
the mitotic checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint during metaphase of mitosis or meiosis that prevents the separation of the duplicated chromosomes (anaphase)
Spindle_checkpoint
Poison that disrupts cell division
poisons effectively cease the production of new cells by interrupting the mitosis phase of cell division at the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However
Spindle_poison
cytoplasm forming in highly vacuolated plant cells in preparation for mitosis. In contrast to animal cells, plant cells often contain large central vacuoles
Phragmosome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
serine/threonine kinases. It is implicated with important processes during mitosis and meiosis whose proper function is integral for healthy cell proliferation
Aurora_kinase_A
Protein complex that allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes during cell division
the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis. The term kinetochore was first used in a footnote in a 1934
Kinetochore
Cartilage plate in the neck of a long bone
epiphyseal plate. The plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. These daughter cells stack facing the epiphysis while the older cells
Epiphyseal_plate
Proteic structure inside chromosomes
scaffold proteins are responsible for the condensation of chromatin during mitosis. In the late 1970s, Ulrich K. Laemmli and colleagues discovered a backbone
Chromosome_scaffold
Cellular structure shaped like a star
associated microtubules during the early stages of mitosis in an animal cell. Asters do not form during mitosis in plants. Astral rays, composed of microtubules
Aster_(cell_biology)
Protein family
centrosomes during mitosis. Kinesin-13 MCAK (Mitotic Centromere-Associated Kinesin) is a KRP that is involved in resolving errors during mitosis involving
KRP_(biochemistry)
Plastic surgery performed on the genitals
number Acentric Monocentric Dicentric Polycentric Processes and evolution Mitosis Meiosis Structural alterations Chromosomal inversion Chromosomal translocation
Genitoplasty
Mechanism of cell death
by prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, errors in mitosis, or DNA damage and operates to prevent genomic instability. It is a mechanism
Mitotic_catastrophe
Biological process
During mitosis chromosome segregation occurs routinely as a step in cell division (see mitosis diagram). As indicated in the mitosis diagram, mitosis is preceded
Chromosome_segregation
Reproductive cycle of plants and algae
multicellular haploid gametophytes. At maturity, a gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis, the normal process of cell division in eukaryotes, which maintains the
Alternation_of_generations
protein family, are required for chromosome condensation and segregation in mitosis". EMBO J. 13 (20): 4938–4952. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06821.x. PMC 395434
SMC_protein
Specialised layer of cells the anther of flowering plants
cell. As the sporogenous cells undergo mitosis, the nuclei of tapetal cells also divide. Sometimes, this mitosis is abnormal, which is why many cells of
Tapetum_(botany)
Medical condition
general, binucleation has negative effects on cell viability and subsequent mitosis. They also occur physiologically in hepatocytes, chondrocytes and in fungi
Binucleated_cells
Eukaryotic motor protein
active movement of kinesins supports several cellular functions including mitosis, meiosis and transport of cellular cargo, such as in axonal transport,
Kinesin
Cradle of the Future Jean Gottmann color 22m May 16, 1962 Meiosis and Mitosis color 12m 1991 Meiosis: Sex Cell Formation John Walker (producer); Eliot
List of Encyclopædia Britannica Films titles
List_of_Encyclopædia_Britannica_Films_titles
budding process in mitosis. The centrocone concentrates and organizes various regulatory factors involved in the early stages of mitosis, including the ECR1
Centrocone
2003 studio album by Wormed
written by Phlegeton "Tunnel of Ions" – 3:29 "Geodesic Dome" – 3:39 "Voxel Mitosis" – 3:57 "Fragments" – 2:59 "Ylem" – 3:36 "Planisphærium" – 4:03 "Pulses
Planisphærium_(album)
Sperm precursor cell that undergoes meiosis
cells are reserve spermatogonial stem cells that do not usually undergo mitosis. Type Ap are actively-dividing spermatogonial stem cells which begin differentiation
Spermatocyte
Mechanism of DNA repair in cells
Homology-directed repair (HDR) is a mechanism in cells to repair double-strand DNA lesions. The most common form of HDR is homologous recombination. The
Homology_directed_repair
death. The process by which cells divide into two daughter cells is called mitosis. Once these cells are formed they enter G1, the phase in which many of
Neuronal_cell_cycle
Fourth stage of mitosis and meiosis
(ana-) 'back, backward' and φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and
Anaphase
Protein kinase that detects DNA damage and halts cell division
endogenous DNA damage. Mei-41 is the Drosophila ortholog of ATR. During mitosis in Drosophila DNA damages caused by exogenous agents are repaired by a
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
Ataxia_telangiectasia_and_Rad3_related
Photographic display of total chromosome complement in a cell
when in adult differentiated tissues the cells have ceased to divide by mitosis, but the nuclei contain more than the original somatic number of chromosomes
Karyotype
Cell-cycle regulatory complex
during mitosis. With CDC20 targeting a few major substrates at metaphase and Cdh1 targeting a broader range of substrates towards late mitosis and G1
Anaphase-promoting_complex
Union of a human egg and sperm
first mitosis of the union of sperm and oocyte is the actual fusion of their chromosomes. Each of the two daughter cells resulting from that mitosis has
Human_fertilization
Eukaryotic germ stem cell
A gametocyte is a eukaryotic germ cell that divides by mitosis into other gametocytes or by meiosis into gametids during gametogenesis. Male gametocytes
Gametocyte
Specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids
creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore. The physical
Centromere
Nuclear protein inhibiting DNA replication
cell cycle. Geminin levels drop at the metaphase-anaphase transition of mitosis when it is degraded by the anaphase-promoting complex. During S phase,
Geminin
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
and various plastids. Eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually through mitosis, and sexually through meiosis and gamete fusion (fertilization). Due to
Eukaryote
Openings in nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells
During mitosis the NPC appears to disassemble in stages, except in lower eukaryotes like yeast, where NPC disassembly does not happen during mitosis. Peripheral
Nuclear_pore_complex
Protein family
activity of the cyclin B-Cdk complex rise through the cell cycle until mitosis, where they fall abruptly due to degradation of cyclin B (Cdk1 is constitutively
Cyclin_B
Fraction of cells undergoing mitosis in a population
defined as the ratio between the number of a population's cells undergoing mitosis to its total number of cells. The mitotic index is a measure of cellular
Mitotic_index
Final stage of mitosis and meiosis
and φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the final stage in both meiosis and mitosis in a eukaryotic cell. During telophase, the effects of prophase and prometaphase
Telophase
Protein complex
play a central role in chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis and meiosis (Figure 1). Their subunits were originally identified as major
Condensin
Chromosomes that pair in fertilization
Homologous chromosomes are important in the processes of meiosis and mitosis. They allow for the recombination and random segregation of genetic material
Homologous_chromosome
Diploid eukaryotic cell formed by fertilization between two gametes
cure inherited diseases. In fungi, this cell may then enter meiosis or mitosis depending on the life cycle of the species.[citation needed] In plants
Zygote
that p27/p25 form a selective endomembrane cargo-targeting module. In mitosis, unlike dynactin or dynein perturbation that causes mitotic spindle disarrangement
DCTN6
Cell cycle phase only found in plants
Preprophase is an additional phase during mitosis in plant cells that does not occur in other eukaryotes such as animals or fungi. It precedes prophase
Preprophase
British biochemist
necessary for mitosis in frog embryos. He has also shown that cyclin is a subunit of the mitosis-promoting factor which regulates entry into mitosis. His discovery
Tim_Hunt
Superphylum of protostomes
characters, including growth by ecdysis, with moulting of the cuticle – without mitosis in the epidermis – under control of the prohormone ecdysone, and internal
Ecdysozoa
Cartilaginous bone development that forms the long bones
proliferation / cell columns In this zone, chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis, forming distinctive looking columns. Zone of maturation / hypertrophy
Endochondral_ossification
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
during interphase depends on the specific genes present in the DNA. During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin becomes highly compacted to facilitate the segregation
Chromatin
Hypothetical primitive eukaryotes
proposed that certain eukaryotes (mainly dinoflagellates) with closed mitosis and other traits considered 'primitive' were an intermediate step between
Mesokaryote
Cell line
applications in biomedical research but is particularly popular as a model for mitosis. The PtK2 cell line was established by Kirsten Walen and Spencer Brown
PtK2_cells
Haploid stage in the life cycle of plants and algae
developed in the microstrobilus, one is created after pollination via mitosis. The tube cell grows into the diploid tissue of the female cone and may
Gametophyte
"simple" mitotic exit model became complicated as additional roles in mitosis were attributed to ScCdc14. These included stabilizing the spindle and
Cdc14
Spike used for spinning fibers into yarn
division to separate sister chromatids during mitosis or meiosis of eukaryotic cells. The word "mitosis" is derived from the Greek word "mitos," meaning
Spindle_(textiles)
GTPase functioning in nuclear transport
into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily. Ran is a small G protein that is
Ran_(protein)
Chemical compound
kinases, including VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRα, and c-Kit, as well as the mitosis-related kinase Aurora B and the chronic inflammation-related kinase CSF-1R
Ibcasertib
Genus of parasitic, flagellated protists
cryptopleuromitosis. There are three common forms of mitosis: open, closed, and semi-open. In open mitosis, the nuclear envelope disappears so that mitotic
Trichomonas
Topics referred to by the same term
charitable organisation Polo-like kinase, regulators of the cell cycle (mitosis) Polo-like kinase 1, an enzyme encoded by the PLK1 gene This disambiguation
PLK
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