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Superfamily of oxygen-transporting globular proteins
The globins are a superfamily of heme-containing globular proteins, involved in binding and/or transporting oxygen. These proteins all incorporate the
Globin
The human β-globin locus is a cluster of genes located on chromosome 11. It is responsible for creating the β-chains found in hemoglobin. This cluster
Human_β-globin_locus
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
beta (beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin (HBA), makes
Hemoglobin_subunit_beta
Family of inherited blood disorders
deficient production of the alpha globin component of hemoglobin, while beta thalassemia is a deficiency in the beta globin component. The severity of alpha
Thalassemia
Metalloprotein that binds with oxygen
hemoglobins, through problems and mutations in globin gene regulation. All these diseases produce anemia. Globin proteins and thus their genes have an ancient
Hemoglobin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
gene. Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced
Hemoglobin_subunit_zeta
Hereditary blood disorder causing anemia
construct beta-globin leads to reduced or zero production of adult hemoglobin thus causing anemia. The other component of hemoglobin, alpha-globin, accumulates
Beta_thalassemia
Spherical, water-soluble type of protein
into a roughly spherical shape. The term globin can refer more specifically to proteins including the globin fold. The term globular protein is quite
Globular_protein
Human hemoglobin protein
hemoglobin protein that in humans is encoded by the HBA1 gene. The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven
Hemoglobin_subunit_alpha
Normal human hemoglobin in adults
common adult form of hemoglobin and is composed of two alpha and two delta-globin subunits. This hemoglobin makes up 1-3% of hemoglobin in adults. Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin_A
Hemoglobin variant
a variant of hemoglobin in which a mutation in the alpha globin gene produces an alpha globin chain that is abnormally long. It is the most common nondeletional
Hemoglobin_Constant_Spring
Chemical compound
four globin chains along with a heme group that contains an iron atom responsible for binding oxygen, with each molecule including two α-type globin and
Embryonic_hemoglobin
Variant of hemoglobin A
hemoglobin is made up of two different chains, this includes alpha-globin and beta-globin. In the blood, there are two different variants, HbA and HbA2, and
Hemoglobin_A2
Metalloprotein
hemocyanin, erythrocruorin–chlorocruorin, and hemerythrin. The heme-containing globin is the most commonly-occurring respiratory pigment, occurring in at least
Respiratory_pigment
Long-range cis-regulatory element in DNA
manner and is tissue-specific, as seen in the selective expression of β-globin genes in erythroid cells. Expression levels of genes can be modified by
Locus_control_region
Medical condition
out of 4 of the α-globin genes. Hemoglobin H disease is a genetic disorder resulting in absent or impaired production of the α-globin protein, a normal
Hemoglobin_H_disease
Topics referred to by the same term
Hexabromobenzene Beta globin (HBB, β-globin or haemoglobin, beta) a globin protein in adult human hemoglobin A. Human β-globin locus Headbangers Ball
HBB_(disambiguation)
Inherited blood disorder causing anemia
fetus. The disease is characterised by reduced production of the alpha-globin component of hemoglobin, caused by inherited mutations affecting the genes
Alpha-thalassemia
Abnormal type of hemoglobin that consists of four gamma globins
Hb Barts, is an abnormal type of hemoglobin that consists of four gamma globins. It is moderately insoluble, and therefore accumulates in the red blood
Hemoglobin_Barts
Gene therapy
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transduced Ex Vivo with a Lentiviral βΑ-T87Q -Globin Vector (LentiGlobin BB305 Drug Product)". Blood. 124 (21): 549. doi:10.1182/blood
Betibeglogene_autotemcel
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
genes is normal in EKLF-deficient mice, and since all genes on the human β-globin locus exhibit the CACCC elements, researchers began searching for other
KLF2
Genetic boundary element that blocks the interaction between enhancers and promoters
the β-globin locus. The CTCF insulator is especially important in vertebrates, while the gypsy insulator is implicated in Drosophila. The β-globin locus
Insulator_(genetics)
Medical condition
creating an alternate splicing site in the mRNA at codons 25-27 of the β-globin gene. Through this mechanism, there is a mild deficiency in normal β mRNA
Hemoglobin_E
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
globin chain of hemoglobin. The human alpha globin gene cluster is located on chromosome 16 and spans about 30 kb, including seven alpha like globin genes
Hemoglobin,_alpha_2
Carbon-oxygen gas
as oxygen. Instead, it combines with the N-terminal groups on the four globin chains. However, because of allosteric effects on the hemoglobin molecule
Carbon_dioxide
American physician, geneticist and molecular biologist
produce normal human globin from normal human mRNA, sickle cell globin from sickle cell mRNA, and the abnormal alpha/beta globin chain abnormality of
William_French_Anderson
Medical condition
normal alpha globin chains (HBA) and two delta-beta globin fusion chains which occurs due to a "crossover" between the delta (HBD) and beta globin (HBB) gene
Hemoglobin_Lepore_syndrome
Gene therapy
Rifkin-Zenenberg S, et al. (February 2022). "Biologic and Clinical Efficacy of LentiGlobin for Sickle Cell Disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 386 (7):
Lovotibeglogene_autotemcel
Protein family
Lamellibrachia sp. has four kinds of globin chains and two kinds of linker chains, Sabella spallanzanii has three globin chains and three linker chains. The
Erythrocruorin
Any of various genetic disorders of blood
globins and two ε (epsilon) globins, i.e., ζ2ε2 Hb Gower-2, composed of two α globins and two ε globins (α2ε2) Hb Portland, composed of two ζ globins
Hemoglobinopathy
2013 mockumentary short film
vocalist William DuVall), black metal musician Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin (played by bassist Mike Inez), and hipster blogger Stanley Eisen (played
Alice_in_Chains:_AIC_23
Medical condition
cell disease occurs when a person inherits two abnormal copies of the β-globin gene that make haemoglobin, one from each parent. The abnormal gene generates
Sickle_cell_disease
Topics referred to by the same term
(homolog e.g. all globin protein), which are separated from each other after a speciation event, e.g. human beta and chimp beta globin. An orthologous gene
Orthology
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
Grosveld F (1984). "DNA sequences required for regulated expression of beta-globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells". Cell. 38 (1): 265–273. doi:10
Human_genome
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
theta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBQ1 gene. Theta-globin mRNA is found in human fetal erythroid tissue but not in adult erythroid
HBQ1
Ethnic group
geographic origins is reflected, for example, in the heterogeneous spectrum of globin mutations among Israeli Arabs (Filon et al. 1994). Israeli and Palestinian
Arabs
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
position. The β-globin gene is found on the short arm of chromosome 11. The association of two wild-type α-globin subunits with two mutant β-globin subunits
Point_mutation
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the NGB gene. Neuroglobin is a member of the vertebrate globin family involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis and reactive oxygen/nitrogen
Neuroglobin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFCP2 gene. TFCP2 is also called Late SV40 factor (LSF) and it is induced
TFCP2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
– beta - 3'. Mutations in the delta-globin gene are associated with Delta-thalassemia. Hemoglobin Human β-globin locus Thalassemia GRCh38: Ensembl release
HBD_(gene)
Essential nutrient found in citrus fruits and other foods
and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions". Int J Primatol. 18 (2): 261–95. doi:10
Vitamin_C
Species of shark
sharks contains three major types of hemoglobin, made up of two copies of α globin combined with two copies of three very similar β subunits. These three types
Greenland_shark
RNA family
The Beta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozyme (CotC ribozyme) was a proposed ribozyme (short for ribonucleic acid enzyme). Transcription termination
Beta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozyme
Beta-globin_co-transcriptional_cleavage_ribozyme
Plant proteins
are globular plant (algae and land plant) proteins classified into the globin superfamily, which contain a heme, i.e. protoporphyrin IX-Fe, prosthetic
Phytoglobin
Gene editing method
Vakulskas CA, Bode NM, et al. (April 2021). "Gene replacement of α-globin with β-globin restores hemoglobin balance in β-thalassemia-derived hematopoietic
CRISPR_gene_editing
Chemical compound
porphyrin (by repressing ALAS1 synthesis), and stimulates the synthesis of globin. For this reason, it is used in the treatment of porphyrias. It is a component
Haematin
American scientist
titled The organization of repetitive sequences in two cloned mouse beta-globin clusters. Haigwood completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins
Nancy_Haigwood
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
the protein product of CYGB, a human and mammalian gene. Cytoglobin is a globin molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized
Cytoglobin
Medical condition
have been studies that show changes in the globin genes. There have been noted changes in the beta-globin sequence, to what is known as the sickle hemoglobin
Sickle_cell_trait
gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBG1 gene. The gamma globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2) are normally expressed in the fetal liver, spleen
HBG1
American alternative metal band
(played by William DuVall), Black Metal musician Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin (played by Mike Inez) and the hipster Stanley Eisen (played by Sean Kinney)
Alice_in_Chains
Medical condition
cell. Red blood cells are made up of four globin structures, which are two alpha globins and two beta globins. Alpha thalassemia Beta thalassemia Hemoglobinopathy
Microcyte
globin protein is dependent on an unusually long half-life of the alpha globin mRNA (greater than 24hrs). The stability determinant for alpha globin mRNA
C-rich_stability_element
Medical technology
transfusions. The technique used a lentiviral vector to transduce the human β-globin gene into purified blood and marrow cells obtained from the patient in June
Gene_therapy
Topics referred to by the same term
HBN may refer to: Haemoglobin N (HbN), a globin protein Hexagonal boron nitride Jacob Hübner (1761–1826), German entomologist HBN Law, a law firm in Curaçao
HBN
Biological database of proteins
sequence identities. For example, the two superfamilies of the "Globin-like" fold are: the Globin superfamily and alpha-helical ferredoxin superfamily (contains
Structural Classification of Proteins database
Structural_Classification_of_Proteins_database
Immune organ that filters blood
node, as its absence causes a predisposition to certain infections. The globin portion of hemoglobin is degraded to its constitutive amino acids, and the
Spleen
Oxygen-carrying phytoglobin found in rhizome of leguminous plants
of symbiotic globins, which also include the root nodules globins of actinorhizal plants such as Casuarina. The Casuarina symbiotic globin is intermediate
Leghemoglobin
Blood test result
be greater than 13. Conversely, in thalassemia, which is a disorder of globin synthesis, the number of RBCs produced is normal, but the cells are smaller
Mentzer_index
Compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide to the amino groups of the globin chains of hemoglobin. This occurs at the N-terminals of the globin chains and at the amino sidebranches of
Carbaminohemoglobin
Iron and oxygen-binding protein
make the diagnosis. Myoglobin belongs to the globin superfamily of proteins, and as with other globins, consists of eight alpha helices connected by
Myoglobin
Abnormal inclusions in red blood cells
complete defects in alpha globin production, leading to a relative abundance of beta globin chains in the cell. These excess beta globin chains aggregate to
Heinz_body
RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein
analysis of an mRNP complex that mediates the high stability of human beta-globin mRNA". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (17): 5879–5888. doi:10.1128/mcb
Messenger_RNA
American pharmaceutical company
second most expensive drug in the world. The company is developing LentiGlobin gene therapy for the treatment of sickle cell disease and cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy
Bluebird_bio
Structural unit of a protein complex
hemoglobin is a symmetrical arrangement of two identical α-globin subunits and two identical β-globin subunits. Longer multimeric proteins such as microtubules
Protein_subunit
Medical condition
is an altered form of hemoglobin (Hb) due to point mutation occurring in globin-encoding genes, mostly involving tyrosine substitution for proximal (F8)
Hemoglobin_M_disease
Suborder of fishes
blood, the notothenioids of the family Channichthyidae do not express any globin proteins in their blood. As a result, the oxygen-carrying capacity of their
Notothenioidei
Hemoglobin J is an abnormal hemoglobin, an alpha globin gene variant and present in various geographic locations. It was first reported in a black American
Hemoglobin_J
Oxygen-delivering blood cell and the most common type of blood cell
to carbon dioxide transport is that carbon dioxide directly reacts with globin protein components of hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin compounds.
Red_blood_cell
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
A schematic of hemoglobin. The red and blue ribbons represent the protein globin; the green structures are the heme groups.
Biochemistry
Genus of flukes
flame cells. Adult worms tend to be 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long and use globins from their hosts' hemoglobin for their own circulatory system. Unlike other
Schistosoma
Canadian biologist and geneticist
California Institute of Technology Thesis Expression and evolution of mammalian beta-globin genes (1988) Academic work Institutions University of Victoria
Ben_F._Koop
Forms of hemoglobin caused by variations in genetics
mutations in specific genes that code for the protein chains, known as globins, which make up the hemoglobin molecule. This leads to amino acid substitutions
Hemoglobin_variants
British professor of higher education
completed a PhD titled Mapping the transcriptional unit of the human epsilon globin gene at the University of Glasgow in 1982. She also holds a postgraduate
Lorraine_Stefani
Phenomenon in which different mutations at the same locus cause the same phenotype
example, β-thalassemia may be caused by several different mutations in the β-globin gene. Allelic heterogeneity should not be confused with locus heterogeneity
Allelic_heterogeneity
Protein complex
cells, in which CHD4 but not Mi-2 is required for suppression of fetal globin genes. NuRD is traditionally thought of as a primarily repressive complex
Mi-2/NuRD_complex
American bassist
Year Title Role Notes 1995 The Nona Tapes Himself Short film 2013 AIC 23 Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin Short film
Mike_Inez
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
functions as a gene repressor the regulates the expression of red blood cell globin. In particular, it contributes to the transition from fetal to adult pattern
Testicular_receptor_4
Blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent
fecal immunochemical test (FIT). The newer and recommended tests look for globin, DNA, or other blood factors including transferrin, while conventional stool
Fecal_occult_blood
Rushiti Anila Mahmudi "Do mësoj" Gent Myftaraj Aria Kolaveri "Dua ta marr globin në krahë" Gjergj Leka [sq] Rozina Sterkaj Dea Laja "Miqësia jonë është e
Albania in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Albania_in_the_Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2026
Non-coding regions on either end of mRNA
of the human gamma-globin mRNA was fully sequenced. In 1980, a study was conducted on the 3' UTR of the duplicated human alpha-globin genes. The untranslated
Untranslated_region
Medical condition
by deletions of the entire delta and beta genes sequences and only gamma-globin and HbF are formed. Rarely, non-deletional forms have been reported. When
Delta-beta_thalassemia
Branch of genetics
abnormal haemoglobin, inability to manufacture one or the other of the peptide globin chains of the haemoglobin, and deficiencies of the Embden-Meyerhoff monophosphate
Ecogenetics
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of sequence and structure flanking the mouse and human beta-globin loci: the beta-globin genes are embedded within an array of odorant receptor genes"
OR51B5
Geographical region in Bahia, Brazil
Silva, Wellington; Guimarães, Maria de Nazaré; Grisolia, Cesar (2010). "β-globin haplotypes in normal and hemoglobinopathic individuals from Reconcavo Baiano
Recôncavo_Baiano
French cell biologist (born 1968)
human alpha globin genes). Her research focused on the study of two regions that may be involved in the activation of human alpha globin genes during
Agnès_Bernet
Canadian academic and University president
which cloned the first mammalian gene. She went on to demonstrate that the globin gene was spliced, a finding that helped confirm some of the revolutionary
Shirley_M._Tilghman
Species of virus
Banerji, J; Rusconi, S; Schaffner, W (December 1981). "Expression of a β-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences". Cell. 27 (2): 299–308. doi:10
SV40
American geneticist and molecular biologist (1929–2024)
and histone–DNA interactions. Gene regulation: Felsenfeld's work on the β-globin gene cluster led to the identification of regulatory elements known as "insulators"
Gary_Felsenfeld
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
paper with R. K. Saiki and H. A. Erlich, "Enzymatic Amplification of β-globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle
Polymerase_chain_reaction
domains: an oxidoreductase FAD-binding domain, and a b-type heme-containing "globin" domain and optionally an oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain. The reductase
Nitric_oxide_dioxygenase
Gene of the species Homo sapiens
interactions of CAP+1 (A-->C), a silent beta-globin gene mutation, with other beta-thalassemia mutations and globin gene modifiers in north Indians". Eur. J
CAP1
American scientist
(January 1979). "Synthesis of rabbit β-globin in cultured monkey kidney cells following infection with a SV40 β-globin recombinant genome". Nature. 277 (5692):
Richard_C._Mulligan
Class of enzymes
Richardson DJ (2008). "Escherichia coli Cytochrome c Nitrite Reductase NrfA". Globins and Other Nitric Oxide-Reactive Proteins, Part B. Methods in Enzymology
Cytochrome c nitrite reductase
Cytochrome_c_nitrite_reductase
Dutch molecular biologist
accomplishment that has since been adopted by many other laboratories. By using the globin gene cluster he made the ground-breaking discovery of a locus control region
Frank_Grosveld
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
several hematopoietic lineages, and plays a role in the switch from γ- to β-globin expression during the fetal to adult erythropoiesis transition. Furthermore
BCL11A
Science of genes, heredity and variation
results from a single base difference within the coding region for the β-globin section of hemoglobin, causing a single amino acid change that changes hemoglobin's
Genetics
(alpha 268 Asn leads to Lys beta 2) in heterozygotes is determined by alpha-globin gene deletions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 (11):
Hemoglobin-G
Type of hemoglobin
bacteria, but unlike classic haemoglobin it is composed only of a single globin molecule. Like typical haemoglobin, its primary role is binding oxygen,
VHb_(hemoglobin)
Health problem from genome abnormalities
PMC 1684820. PMID 3717163. Weatherall DJ (2015). "The Thalassemias: Disorders of Globin Synthesis". Williams Hematology (9e ed.). McGraw Hill Professional. p. 725
Genetic_disorder
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