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Topics referred to by the same term
Bacterial evolution may refer to the biological evolution of bacteria as studied in: Bacterial taxonomy List of Bacteria genera List of bacterial orders
Bacterial_evolution
Domain of microorganisms
being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can
Bacteria
Origin of three known varieties of flagella
The evolution of flagella is of great interest to biologists because the three known varieties of flagella – (eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal) each
Evolution_of_flagella
Type of bacterial reproduction by DNA transfer
of the infecting bacterial pathogen. Bacterial transformation is carried out by numerous interacting bacterial gene products. Evolution in bacteria was
Bacterial_recombination
American-born New Zealand-based microbiologist
University, Auckland, New Zealand. Her research is focussed on the evolution of bacterial cell shape, and the discovery of bacteriophages that can attack
Heather_Hendrickson
Development of bacteria throughout time
2-3.5 billion years ago. This was discovered through gene sequencing of bacterial nucleoids to reconstruct their phylogeny. Furthermore, evidence of permineralized
Evolution_of_bacteria
Cellular appendage functioning as locomotive or sensory organelle
that increase the motility of E. coli. Additional evidence for the evolution of bacterial flagella includes the existence of vestigial flagella, intermediate
Flagellum
Bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test
28 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1099/00207713-28-1-1. Woese, C.R. (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Gram-positive_bacteria
Historically, a biological kingdom
383–420. doi:10.1086/394568. S2CID 84634277. Woese, C. R. (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Monera
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
higher-order evolution while more significantly shifting perspectives on bacterial evolution. Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope
Gram-negative_bacteria
Genome of bacteria
size makes the size of bacterial genomes an interesting topic for research and discussion. The general trends of bacterial evolution indicate that bacteria
Bacterial_genome
and acquisition of PAIs among bacterial species. However, It is impossible to overlook their impact on bacterial evolution, though, since if a PAI is acquired
Pathogenicity_island
Rank based classification of bacteria
possess different levels of evolutionary relatedness (see Bacterial phyla and Timeline of evolution) Metabolism: Different bacteria may have different metabolic
Bacterial_taxonomy
Life arising from non-living matter
1098/rspb.2022.1469. PMC 9653231. PMID 36350219. Woese, Carl R. (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51.2 (1987) (2): 221–271. Bibcode:1987MbRev
Abiogenesis
Change in the heritable traits of populations
(October 2007). "The recent evolution of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-4-monooxygenase (PcpB) and associated pathways for bacterial degradation of PCP". Biodegradation
Evolution
Feature of bacterial genomes
mdna3-0019-2014. PMID 26104695. Mazel (2006). "Integrons: agents of bacterial evolution". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 4 (8): 608–620. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1462
Integron
Pathogen resistance to medications
DOI inactive as of November 2025 (link) Lázár, V; Pal, C (2013). "Bacterial evolution of antibiotic hypersensitivity". Molecular Systems Biology. 9 700
Drug_resistance
Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002) Woese, CR (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological
Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003)
Branching_order_of_bacterial_phyla_(Rappe_and_Giovanoni,_2003)
Growth of bacterial colonies
Bacterial growth is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutation event occurs, the resulting
Bacterial_growth
Phyla of the domain Bacteria
Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition
Bacterial_phyla
Unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
transcribe RNA to DNA). Bacterial cell structure Evolution of cells List of sequenced archaeal genomes List of sequenced bacterial genomes Marine prokaryotes
Prokaryote
American biologist
research on bacterial symbionts in aphids, bees, and other insect species. She has also expanded the scale of her research to bacterial evolution as a whole
Nancy_A._Moran
List of standard rules to translate DNA encoded information into proteins
(January 1987). "The guanine and cytosine content of genomic DNA and bacterial evolution". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 84 (1): 166–9. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84..166M
DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables
British microbiologist
model organism for studying bacterial evolution, how bacterial genetic variability can be used to track changes in bacterial populations, how lineages of
Alan_McNally
Biological process
bacteria and archaea. However, some processes in bacteria, including bacterial conjugation, transformation and transduction, may be considered analogous
Sexual_reproduction
Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics
commonly used for experimental evolution studies. The bacterial species most commonly used for experimental evolution include P. fluorescens, Pseudomonas
Experimental_evolution
Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB
Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al., 2004)
Branching_order_of_bacterial_phyla_(Battistuzzi_et_al.,_2004)
(the latter is considered an illegitimate name). Woese, CR (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–71. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987)
Branching_order_of_bacterial_phyla_(Woese,_1987)
Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book
Objections_to_evolution
Disease-causing bacteria
pathogens. Infection, Genetics and Evolution volume 57, pages 8-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.024 Bacterial Pathogen Pronunciation by Neal
Pathogenic_bacteria
Virus that infects bacteria
and bacterial components (e.g. endotoxin) and lysis of bacteria. Bacteriophages are important model organisms for studying principles of evolution and
Bacteriophage
Kingdom of bacteria
recent analyses of bacterial phylogeny both supported the division of Pseudomonadati and Bacillati. However, they interpreted the evolution of the cell wall
Pseudomonadati
Professional trained in bacteriology
Bacteriology Biosecurity Research Epidemiology Agriculture Food Safety Bacterial Evolution and Systematics Phylogenetics and Taxonomy Ecology Antonie Philips
Bacteriologist
Cell response to DNA damage
contributes significantly to DNA changes observed in a wide range of bacterial species. The SOS response was articulated by Evelyn Witkin. Later, by
SOS_response
Independent evolution of similar features
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures
Convergent_evolution
Species of bacterium
morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of L. casei. Bacterial evolution is frequently influenced by the incorporation of extracellular genetic
Lacticaseibacillus_casei
Species of bacterium
world: recent evolution of an insect-transmitted pathogen, a seminar given by Dr. Roberto Kolter on May 17, 2017, at the US NIH. "Bacterial wilt of cucurbits"
Bacterial_wilt
Species of bacterium
serious disease. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a genetic marker of bacterial evolution, is used in establishing phylogenetic relationships due to its highly
Mycobacterium_lepromatosis
Species of bacterium
erythromycin, and sulfonamides. Genetic factors, misuse of antibiotics, and bacterial evolution are the cause of this issue. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and
Clostridium_perfringens
Bacterial display (or bacteria display or bacterial surface display) is a protein engineering technique used for in vitro protein evolution. Libraries
Bacterial_display
Kingdom of land bacteria
Hugenholtz P, et al. (May 2021). "A rooted phylogeny resolves early bacterial evolution". Science. 372 (6542) eabe0511. doi:10.1126/science.abe0511.
Bacillati
Infrakingdom of bacteria
Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. pp. 31–34. Woese CR (June 1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Gracilicutes
English microbiologist
He gave the Royal Society Leeuwenhoek Lecture in 1992, entitled Bacterial evolution and the nitrogen-fixing plant. He served on several Royal Society
John Postgate (microbiologist)
John_Postgate_(microbiologist)
Order of Alphaproteobacteria
Retrieved 2007-03-19. Maxmen, A. (2010). "Virus-like particles speed bacterial evolution". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.507. Imhoff JF (2015). "Rhodobacter
Rhodobacterales
Evolutionary theory
chloroplasts, and also bacterial cell membranes; and that cardiolipin is found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane and bacterial cell membranes. The
Symbiogenesis
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment
Antibiotic
Method of bacterial gene transfer
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between
Bacterial_conjugation
Greek computational biologist
Scholar "From trees of life to scale-free networks: a new vision for bacterial evolution". European Union, CORDIS. CORDIS, European Union. "Christos A. Ouzounis
Christos_Ouzounis
Ability of bacteria to move independently using metabolic energy
Bacterial motility is the ability of bacteria to move independently using metabolic energy. Most motility mechanisms that evolved among bacteria also
Bacterial_motility
Bacteriophage genome that is integrated into a bacterial cell
mobile genetic elements, prophages play important roles in bacterial genetics and evolution, such as in the acquisition of virulence factors. Upon detection
Prophage
Form and structure of a phylum
ISSN 1660-3397. PMC 4515613. PMID 26198237. Woese, C R (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/mr.51.2.221-271
Cyanobacterial_morphology
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
filamentous (elongated) Cell shape is generally characteristic of a given bacterial species, but can vary depending on growth conditions. Some bacteria have
Bacterial_cell_structure
Process by which a genome changes in structure or size over time
Another mechanism of genome evolution is provided by transduction whereby bacteriophages introduce new DNA into a bacterial genome. The main mechanism
Genome_evolution
Gradual decrease in cellular function in individual bacteria
Bacterial senescence or bacterial aging refers to the gradual decrease in cellular function in individual bacteria as they increase in age. Indicators
Bacterial_senescence
American microbiologist (1928–2012)
ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 432104. PMID 270744. Woese, Carl R. (June 1, 1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Carl_Woese
Use of viruses for pest control
Bacteriophages: From Biological Control Applications to Directed Bacterial Evolution". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 1830. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01830
Viral_biological_control
Empirical model of the evolution of a population or biomass over time
the course of an 8-hour cell growth experiment. The observed pattern of bacterial growth is bi-phasic because two different sugars were present, glucose
Growth_curve_(biology)
Domain of organisms
1994). "Evolutionary relationships of bacterial and archaeal glutamine synthetase genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 38 (6): 566–576. Bibcode:1994JMolE
Archaea
21st-century American microbiologist
the evolved bacterial samples. An accompanying commentary notes that "The complexity of the relationship between tempo and mode of evolution at the genomic
Jeffrey_Barrick
Family of bacteria
on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-06-08. Woese, Carl R. (June 1987). "Bacterial Evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2) (Vol. 51, No.2 ed.). University
Prevotellaceae
Species of virus
that it played an important role in horizontal gene transfer in bacterial evolution. Phage P2 has a double stranded DNA genome packaged in an icosahedral
Bacteriophage_P2
convergence in reduced genomes of bacterial symbionts spanning 200 My of evolution". Genome Biology and Evolution. 2: 708–18. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq055
Inferring horizontal gene transfer
Inferring_horizontal_gene_transfer
RNA component
software is still available for download. Woese CR (June 1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MR.51.2.221-271
16S_ribosomal_RNA
Phylum of Gram-negative bacteria
1007/0-387-30745-1_1. ISBN 978-0-387-30745-9. Woese CR (June 1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Pseudomonadota
Codon that marks the end of a protein-coding sequence
Jimmy; Liu, Jong-Kang (2008). "Role of Premature Stop Codons in Bacterial Evolution". Journal of Bacteriology. 190 (20): 6718–25. doi:10.1128/JB.00682-08
Stop_codon
Law Law American Friends of Cambridge University 1993 Professor of Bacterial Evolution Veterinary Medicine Marks & Spencer 1996 Formerly Marks & Spencer
List of professorships at the University of Cambridge
List_of_professorships_at_the_University_of_Cambridge
American molecular biologist
human macrophages. In addition, he has investigated the bacterial evolution underlying bacterial adaptation to the human lung environment. Ehrlich's recent
Garth_Ehrlich
Protein family
UBact ('Ubiquitin bacterial') is very limited in occurrence among the vast number of bacterial species. The terms 'Ubiquitin Bacterial' and 'Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein
Prokaryotic_ubiquitin-like_protein
Microbial community assemblage and activity
PMC 2184805. PMID 33226. o'Malley MA (2018). "The Experimental Study of Bacterial Evolution and Its Implications for the Modern Synthesis of Evolutionary Biology"
Microbiome
Hungarian biologist (born 1975)
colleagues demonstrated that antagonistic co-evolution with parasites has a large impact on the evolution of bacterial mutation rate. This paper showed how biotic
Csaba_Pal
Organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism
nodules of legumes, single-cell algae inside reef-building corals, and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to insects. Endosymbiosis
Endosymbiont
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
PMC 4919349. PMID 27446030. Hoshino Y, Gaucher EA (June 2021). "Evolution of bacterial steroid biosynthesis and its impact on eukaryogenesis". Proceedings
Eukaryote
Beta-lactam antibiotic
treat a number of bacterial infections. It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. Cefalexin
Cefalexin
beginning with new ends: linearisation of circular chromosomes during bacterial evolution". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 186 (2): 143–150. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(00)00118-x
Linear_chromosome
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
complement of observable characteristics. It is a key law or mechanism of evolution which changes the heritable traits characteristic of a population or species
Natural_selection
Biomedical research scientist
Developing the MEGA-plate experiment, a large-scale visualization of bacterial evolution and natural selection under antibiotic stress. AI-based algorithms
Roy_Kishony
American microbiologist
professor in 1998. At the University of California, Johnson worked on bacterial evolution. Johnson studies the molecular and cell biology of Trichomonas vaginalis
Patricia_J._Johnson
Type of mobile genetic element
group of bacterial genomes and likely are all descendant from one common ancestor. The prevalence of the integron has shaped bacterial evolution by allowing
Gene_cassette
Genus of plants
relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 253 (1–4): 159–183. Bibcode:2005PSyEv.253..159L. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9
Fadogia
School in Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex, England
choirmaster of Westminster Abbey 2000–2022 Julian Parkhill, professor of bacterial evolution at the University of Cambridge Jamie Reeves, two-time FA Vase winning
Westcliff High School for Boys
Westcliff_High_School_for_Boys
Method of mobility used by microorganisms
only partially known. Bacterial gliding allows motility along a thinly aqueous surface. The other very different type of bacterial motility is called twitching
Gliding_motility
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can
Marine_microorganisms
Evolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages
(also referred to as CPR group) is a large evolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages whose members are mostly uncultivated and only known from metagenomics
Candidate_phyla_radiation
Genus of bacteria
(5378): 211. doi:10.1038/240211a0. PMID 4569416. Woese, C. R. (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–71. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2
Corynebacterium
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
type of pathogen involved. Common medications include: Antibiotics for bacterial infections. Antivirals for viral infections. Antifungals for fungal infections
Infection
Biological entity that causes disease in its host
pathogens and diseases. Whereas meningitis can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, cholera is only caused by some
Pathogen
The World Summit on Evolution is an evolutionary biology meeting hosted at the Galapagos Islands by Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), an Ecuadorian
World_Summit_on_Evolution
Evolutionary origin and subsequent development of cells
Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells. Cells first emerged at least 3.8 billion years
Evolution_of_cells
Species of bacterium
Bryant DA, Liu Z (2013). "Green Bacteria: Insights into Green Bacterial Evolution through Genomic Analyses". Advances in Botanical Research. 66: 99–150
Prosthecochloris_aestuarii
Merging of lineages
organelles of bacterial origin in eukaryotic cells. Reticulation occurs at various levels: at a chromosomal level, meiotic recombination causes evolution to be
Reticulate_evolution
Polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope in many bacteria
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed
Bacterial_capsule
The type IX secretion system is a specialized protein bacterial secretion system found in the Fibrobacteres-Chlorobi-Bacteroidetes superphylum. It plays
Type_IX_secretion_system
Proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria
types, as convergent evolution occurs. Conjugative pili allow for the transfer of DNA between bacteria, in the process of bacterial conjugation. They are
Pilus
American biologist
Alan Shapiro (born May 18, 1943) is an American biologist, an expert in bacterial genetics and a professor emeritus in the Department of Biochemistry and
James_A._Shapiro
Organelle-like structure in bacteria with a protein shell containing enzymes
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are organelle-like structures found in bacteria. They consist of a protein shell that encloses enzymes and other proteins
Bacterial_microcompartment
Hypothesis in evolutionary biology
original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022. Woese CR (June 1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. Bibcode:1987MbRev..51
Eocyte_hypothesis
Film of microorganisms on a surface
pili which are homologous to the bacterial TasA filaments, a major component of the extracellular matrix in bacterial biofilms, which contribute to biofilm
Biofilm
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
Gophna, U. (2007). "Bacterial Flagella and Type III Secretion: Case Studies in the Evolution of Complexity". Gene and Protein Evolution. Genome Dynamics
Irreducible_complexity
Scientific study
lacks any plasmids that could permit bacterial conjugation, and has no viable prophage. As a consequence, evolution in the experiment occurs only by the
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
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