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Computer language processing metric
Word error rate (WER) is a common metric of the performance of a speech recognition or machine translation system. The WER metric typically ranges from
Word_error_rate
Topics referred to by the same term
rate Residual bit error rate Soft error rate Technique for human error-rate prediction Viterbi error rate Word error rate Failure rate This disambiguation
Error_rate
in translation length do not impact the overall score as much. The Word error rate (WER) is a metric based on the Levenshtein distance, where the Levenshtein
Evaluation of machine translation
Evaluation_of_machine_translation
Method for assessing TV subtitles
stand for number, edit error and recognition error. It has been promoted as an alternative to Word error rate (Word Error Rate) which is a more objective
NER_model
Number of incorrect bits transmitted
synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided
Bit_error_rate
Concept in information theory
two standard evaluation metrics for language models: perplexity or word error rate (WER). The simpler of these measures, WER, is simply the percentage
Perplexity
Software company
character-level timestamps and speaker diarization with industry-leading word error rate according to internal benchmarks and third party tests from Artificial
ElevenLabs
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC decoders can also generate a bit-error rate (BER) signal which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving
Error_correction_code
Metric used for testing NLP models
statistics. BLEU F-Measure METEOR NIST (metric) Noun-phrase chunking Word error rate (WER) Lin, Chin-Yew. 2004. ROUGE: a Package for Automatic Evaluation
ROUGE_(metric)
Topics referred to by the same term
first Wikimedia UK chapter Windows Error Reporting, a feature of Windows XP and later operating systems Word error rate, in computational linguistics, a
WER
systems can be scored against reference word-level transcriptions to produce a value for the word error rate (WER), but because phonetic systems use phones
Speech_analytics
Statistical measure of a test's accuracy
characteristic ROUGE (metric) Uncertainty coefficient, aka Proficiency Word error rate LEPOR Sasaki, Y. (2007). "The truth of the F-measure" (PDF). Teach
F-score
Type of computing error
In electronics and computing, a soft error is a type of error where a signal or datum is wrong. Errors may be caused by a defect, usually understood either
Soft_error
Automatic conversion of spoken language into text
usually rated with word error rate (WER), whereas speed is measured in elapsed time. Other measures of accuracy include Single Word Error Rate (SWER) and
Speech_recognition
Chance of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis
positive rate of a certain diagnostic device is 1%"), while type I error is a term associated with statistical tests, where the meaning of the word "positive"
False_positive_rate
Machine learning model for speech
fewer errors than other models. Whisper has a differing error rate with respect to transcribing different languages, with a higher word error rate in languages
Whisper (speech recognition system)
Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)
Family of linear error-correcting codes
correct errors, and can detect only an odd number of bits in error. Hamming codes are perfect codes, that is, they achieve the highest possible rate for codes
Hamming_code
Mistakes that children commonly commit when first learning language
Errors in early word use or developmental errors are mistakes that children commonly commit when first learning language. Language acquisition is an impressive
Errors_in_early_word_use
Algorithm for evaluating the quality of machine-translated text
translation quality.[14] F-Measure NIST (metric) METEOR ROUGE (metric) Word Error Rate (WER) LEPOR ^ Papineni, K., et al. (2002) ^ Papineni, K., et al. (2002)
BLEU
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Russian intelligent personal assistant software
it, Alice was equipped with Yandex’s SpeechKit, which, according to word error rate, provides the highest accuracy for spoken Russian recognition. Alice's
Alice_AI
Self-correcting computer data storage
memory maintains a memory system immune to single-bit errors: the data that is read from each word is always the same as the data that had been written
ECC_memory
Multilingual online dictionary
Alphabet. The ASR system based on English Wiktionary has the highest word error rate, where each third phoneme has to be changed. Ontology engineering and
Wiktionary
Sphinx-3. Due to the low quality of streaming audio at the time, the word error rate was quite high, but most searches were still able to retrieve relevant
Speechbot
Standardized AI performance test
word error rate, LEPOR, CIDEr, and SPICE. error: Some benchmark answers may be wrong. ambiguity: Some benchmark questions may be ambiguously worded.
Language_model_benchmark
Diacritics used in the Arabic script
For Modern Standard Arabic, the state-of-the-art algorithm has a word error rate (WER) of 4.79%. The most common mistakes are proper nouns and case
Arabic_diacritics
Metric for machine translation output
selects the highest score. BLEU F-Measure NIST (metric) ROUGE (metric) Word Error Rate (WER) LEPOR Noun-Phrase Chunking ^ Banerjee, S. and Lavie, A. (2005)
METEOR
Railgun Error (obsolete) Error 527 indicated an interrupted connection between Cloudflare and the origin server's Railgun server. This error is obsolete
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Text input method
total error rate: Total Error Rate = ((INF + IF)/ (C + INF + IF)) * 100% Not Corrected Error Rate = (INF/ (C + INF + IF)) * 100% Corrected Error Rate = (IF/
Typing
American program manager
research. His emphasis on standardized evaluation metrics, such as Word Error Rate (WER), and the establishment of large-scale linguistic data resources
Charles_Lynn_Wayne
Information extraction and organization process
from 2-3% word error rates to as high as 50-60% word error rates. Handwritten annotations can be particularly hard to decipher, and error rates can be quite
Noisy_text_analytics
implementation of a form of cache language model yielded a 24% drop in word-error rates once the first few hundred words of a document had been dictated. A
Cache_language_model
Action with unintended consequences
Behavior-shaping constraint Error-tolerant design Human reliability Poka-yoke SHELL model User error Technique for human error-rate prediction Fallacy To err
Human_error
as much. BLEU F-Measure METEOR Noun-phrase chunking ROUGE (metric) Word error rate (WER) "Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using N-gram
NIST_(metric)
Connection between brain and computer
high-density ECoG arrays over the peri-Sylvian cortices. They reported word error rates of 3% (a marked improvement from prior efforts) utilizing an encoder-decoder
Brain–computer_interface
Software tools for medical audio transcription
thousands of real clinical conversations generated transcripts with lower word error rates. Software trained on manually-transcribed training data did better
Automated_medical_scribe
Level of ease with which a reader can understand written text
features in readability assessment. Average number of syllables per word Out-of-vocabulary rate, in comparison to the full corpus Type-token ratio: the ratio
Readability
Sigmoid shape special function
example, in determining the bit error rate of a digital communication system. The error and complementary error functions occur, for example, in solutions
Error_function
Control loop feedback mechanism
the derivative (D) component predicts future error trend by assessing the rate of change of the error, which helps to mitigate overshoot and enhance
PID_controller
Statistical measure of a binary classification
underestimate it). A test with a higher sensitivity has a lower type II error rate. Consider the example of a medical test for diagnosing a disease. Specificity
Sensitivity_and_specificity
list decoding is an alternative to unique decoding of error-correcting codes for large error rates. The notion was proposed by Elias in the 1950s. The main
List_decoding
Measure of writing, typing, or reading speed
so-called average articulation rate reaches 310 syllables per minute. The average number of syllables per (written) word has been measured as 2.6. For
Words_per_minute
Type of block code
another word that belongs to the code. They are error-correcting codes that have algebraic properties that are convenient for efficient error detection
Cyclic_code
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
distortions are above 1/2 the sample rate, they will alias back into the band of interest. In order to make the quantization error independent of the input signal
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Clerk, scribe, or notary
distinguished from a judgment error, which is an error made in the exercise of judgment or discretion, or a technical error, which is an error in interpreting a law
Scrivener
Code added to allow recovery of lost data
(code word) with n symbols such that the original message can be recovered from a subset of the n symbols. The fraction r = k/n is called the code rate. The
Erasure_code
Simple but inefficient error-correcting code
bad error correcting performance coupled with the low code rate (ratio between useful information symbols and actual transmitted symbols), other error correction
Repetition_code
Preventable adverse effect of medical care
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This might include an
Medical_error
Control system for the motion of a mechanical system
originates from the Latin word servus meaning 'slave'. The term correctly applies only to systems where the feedback or error-correction signals help control
Servomechanism
recognition times or error rate for a particular concept increases as more information about the concept is acquired. The word "fan" refers to the number
Fan_effect
Number of bits of information recorded for each digital audio sample
quantization error. The bit depth has no impact on the frequency response, which is constrained by the sample rate. Quantization error introduced during
Audio_bit_depth
Rate of energy expenditure by an endotherm at rest
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time
Basal_metabolic_rate
Heart rate exceeding normal resting rate
also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted
Tachycardia
Audio or video represented as a stream of discrete numbers
sampling rate and quantization error dependent on the audio or video bit depth. Because the signal is stored digitally, assuming proper error detection
Digital_recording
Structured vocabulary for voice communication
proword."[citation needed] "I made an error in this transmission. Transmission will continue with the last word correctly sent."[citation needed] "What
Procedure_word
Wireless devices, BPL, and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate, due to error-correcting codes and other physical layer overhead. It is
List_of_interface_bit_rates
Internal process while reading
acoustic errors in short-term memory is also thought to be, in part, due to subvocalization. Individuals who stutter and therefore have a slower rate of subvocal
Subvocalization
Speech difficulty associated with aphasia
to a variety of errors, including formal ones, in which one word is replaced with another phonologically related to the intended word; phonemic ones,
Paraphasia
Inherent flaw in computer instructions
buggy. The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing). In 2002, a
Software_bug
2018 video game
revealed that Microsoft Cognitive Services has reached below a 6% Word error rate which they claim is as good as human hearing. During this announcement
Starship_Commander:_Arcade
Misuse of a word
of the error. Some scholars include only errors that result from a temporary failure to produce the word which the speaker intended. Such errors are sometimes
Malapropism
Serial communication protocol for two-channel digital audio
bitrates. As the I²S bus doesn't have any error detection mechanism, this can cause significant decoding errors. There is no standard interconnecting cable
I2S
Type of computer memory
literature review of memory error rate measurements. Johnston, A. (October 2000). "Scaling and Technology Issues for Soft Error Rates" (PDF). 4th Annual Research
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Error-correcting codes
information theory and coding theory, Reed–Solomon codes are a group of error-correcting codes that were introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Baseball park in Chicago, Illinois
Rate Field (formerly Comiskey Park II, U.S. Cellular Field, and Guaranteed Rate Field) is a baseball stadium on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It
Rate_Field
Bare list of a language's words in corpus linguistics
vocabulary expansion" (Nation 2006). Word frequency is known to have various effects (Brysbaert et al. 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrysbaertBuchmeierConradJacobs
Word_list
Exemplary or noteworthy book
Northwestern University Press, 2002], p. 168). However it originated, an error regarding the date of Saint-Beauve's "What Is a Classic?" has crept into
Classic_book
8-bit microcontroller by Western Design Center
control to be either the Transmitter rate or at 1/16 times the external clock rate. The ACIA has programmable word lengths of 5, 6, 7 or 8 bits; even,
WDC_65C51
Ethernet frame with more than 1500 bytes payload
360-bit data word length) and HD=4 to 114,663 bits, which is more than 9 times the length of an Ethernet MTU. This gives two additional bits of error detection
Jumbo_frame
Method for estimating new data within known data points
The resulting gain in simplicity may outweigh the loss from interpolation error and give better performance in calculation process. As an example we will
Interpolation
Deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the
Mortality_rate
Detail of the global positioning system
The error analysis for the Global Positioning System is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude of error should be expected
Error analysis for the Global Positioning System
Error_analysis_for_the_Global_Positioning_System
1935 American children's novel by Laura Ingalls Wilder
had no legal right to occupy their homestead, and once informed of their error, left the territory despite the fact that they had only just begun farming
Little House on the Prairie (novel)
Little_House_on_the_Prairie_(novel)
Computer bus used for data storage systems
of Word serial interfaces. Enhanced Small Disk Interface (ESDI) was an attempt to minimize controller design time by supporting multiple data rates with
Hard_disk_drive_interface
Inadequate reading and writing skills for everyday purposes
deficiencies run into billions of dollars a year due to low productivity, errors, and accidents attributed to functional illiteracy. The American Council
Functional_illiteracy
Set of words
language or the set known to an individual. The word vocabulary originated from the Latin vocabulum, meaning "a word, name". It forms an essential component of
Vocabulary
Computer recognition of visual text
character error rate of 1% (99% accuracy) may result in an error rate of 5% or worse if the measurement is based on whether each whole word was recognized
Optical_character_recognition
Error caused by a memory fault
and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a certain detail and/or event. Memory errors may include
Memory_error
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
unalterable personal characteristics, but as of 2008[update] have high error rates and require additional hardware to scan,[needs update] for example, fingerprints
Password
Scientific study of digital information
methods, called codes, for increasing the efficiency and reducing the error rate of data communication over noisy channels to near the channel capacity
Information_theory
Family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks
parameters of the block code to each other, such as its rate and its ability to detect and correct errors. Examples of block codes are Reed–Solomon codes, Hamming
Block_code
Computer bugs related to the year 2000
The Year 2000 problem (Y2K) was the potential for computer errors on the Gregorian calendar related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for
Year_2000_problem
Set of conventions to represent words in writing
"hell of a"). Misspellings may be due to accidental typing errors (e.g. the transposition error teh for the), lack of knowledge of the normative spelling
Spelling
Topics referred to by the same term
development company UBER, short for uncorrectable bit error rate, used as a metric for data corruption rate All pages with titles beginning with Uber All pages
Uber_(disambiguation)
US military computer network standard
is necessary to achieve the specified signal-to-noise ratio and system error rate performance (for more information, refer to MIL-HDBK-1553A). Each terminal
MIL-STD-1553
Each entry on this list of common misconceptions is worded as a correction; the misconceptions themselves are implied rather than stated. These entries
List of common misconceptions about arts and culture
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_arts_and_culture
Pair of related error-correcting codes
In coding theory, the ternary Golay codes are two closely related error-correcting codes. The code generally known simply as the ternary Golay code is
Ternary_Golay_code
Ability to deliver information quickly and correctly
(also called volubility and eloquency) refers to continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production. It is also used to characterize language
Fluency
Image dataset
contest, having 3.57% error on the test set. Andrej Karpathy estimated in 2014 that with concentrated effort, he could reach 5.1% error rate, and ~10 people
ImageNet
Currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
technically, the word convertible should not qualify the word pfenig because only the mark is convertible. (See Errors for all of the errors on banknotes
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_convertible_mark
Etymology of the term "jazz"
attestation was an error based on a later version of the recording; the 1909 recording does not use the word "jazz". Editors acknowledged the error, and the revised
Jazz_(word)
Act of an enslaver freeing the persons they enslaved
ISBN 978-0198661726. Harrsch, Mary (16 March 2016). "Roman Slavery and the Rate of Manumission". Roman Times. Retrieved 4 December 2020. Zelnick-Abramovitz
Manumission
Establishes the limits to possible data compression
tends to infinity, it is impossible to compress such data such that the code rate (average number of bits per symbol) is less than the Shannon entropy of the
Shannon's source coding theorem
Shannon's_source_coding_theorem
Statistical interpretation with many tests
The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests
Multiple_comparisons_problem
Type of computer memory
Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory. Compared to its predecessor
DDR5_SDRAM
Data storage subsystem with redundant hard disk drives
single-bit error to be detected and corrected. The (39,32) code is a SECDED-variant Hamming code, meaning it can detect and correct any single-bit error as well
DataVault
Early computer error-detection technique
failing bits in a memory word are detected and corrected on the fly with no impact to the application. The occurrence of the error is typically logged by
RAM_parity
Kind of error correction code
{\displaystyle s(x)\equiv 0} , but that is the case when the input word is a codeword, so no error correction is necessary. v ( x ) {\displaystyle v(x)} is reduced
Binary_Goppa_code
Comparisons in quantitative sciences
percent change (relative change expressed as a percentage) called percent error occurs in measuring situations where the reference value is the accepted
Relative_change
Typographical symbol (@)
translation of the English word at. In Indian English, speakers often say at the rate of (with e-mail addresses quoted as "example at the rate of example.com")
At_sign
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