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Statistical measure of a binary classification
In medicine and statistics, sensitivity and specificity mathematically describe the accuracy of a test that reports the presence or absence of a medical
Sensitivity_and_specificity
Quantitative measurement of accuracy
preferences. For example, in medicine sensitivity and specificity are often used, while in computer science precision and recall are preferred. An important
Evaluation of binary classifiers
Evaluation_of_binary_classifiers
Improving quality of laboratory results
different from diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity, which are measures of how well a test can identify true positives and true negatives, respectively
Laboratory_quality_control
Probabilities of the presence of a condition
is calculated from sensitivity and specificity of the test, and thereby it does not depend on prevalence in the reference group, and, likewise, it does
Pre- and post-test probability
Pre-_and_post-test_probability
Topics referred to by the same term
to external stimuli Sensory processing sensitivity, a personality trait in humans Sensitivity and specificity, statistical measures of the performance
Sensitivity
Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true
specificity, and prevalence: NPV = specificity × ( 1 − prevalence ) specificity × ( 1 − prevalence ) + ( 1 − sensitivity ) × prevalence {\displaystyle {\text{NPV}}={\frac
Positive and negative predictive values
Positive_and_negative_predictive_values
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
of type I and type II errors (perfect specificity and sensitivity) corresponds respectively to perfect precision (no false positives) and perfect recall
Precision_and_recall
Likelihood ratios used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test
assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test. They combine sensitivity and specificity into a single metric that indicates how much a test result shifts
Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
Likelihood_ratios_in_diagnostic_testing
Topics referred to by the same term
test which are correctly identified Sensitivity and specificity, in relation to medical diagnostics Specificity (linguistics), whether a noun phrase
Specificity
Pattern seen in radiologic examinations
consolidation associated with pulmonary infarction), has a low sensitivity (11%) and high specificity (92%) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Put more
Westermark_sign
Measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test
expressed in terms of the sensitivity and specificity of the test: DOR = sensitivity × specificity ( 1 − sensitivity ) × ( 1 − specificity ) {\displaystyle {\text{DOR}}={\frac
Diagnostic_odds_ratio
Medical test to detect nerve inflammation
median sensitivity of approximately 0.59 and specificity of approximately 0.80 for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity data
Tinel's_sign
Index that describes the performance of a dichotomous diagnostic test
diagnostic test with n sensitivity {\displaystyle n_{\text{sensitivity}}} diseased subjects and n specificity {\displaystyle n_{\text{specificity}}} healthy subjects
Youden's_J_statistic
Blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent
clinical sensitivity and specificity of the methodology.[8] High-sensitivity gFOBT tests such as Hemoccult SENSA remain an accepted option[8] and may retain
Fecal_occult_blood
Medical diagnostic method
time. For example, in 1988 a 94% specificity vs. postmortem analysis was reported Anyway, in initial cases, the sensitivity was low respect pathologically
Poser_criteria
Medical diagnostic method
sensitivity – usually above 90%. Moreover, the need to provide a diagnosis at "per study" level dictates stringent requirements for CAST specificity as
Computer-aided_simple_triage
Statistical test used on paired nominal data
sciences are sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity (or recall) is the ability of a test to correctly identify the people with disease. Specificity is the
McNemar's_test
Diagnostic technique
pancreatic cancer with high sensitivity and specificity (90.0% and 95.0%, respectively) by screening saliva for four specific mRNA biomarkers. In a 2011
Saliva_testing
Inflammatory arthritis triggered by infection elsewhere in the body
College of Rheumatology has published sensitivity and specificity guidelines. The main goal of treatment is to identify and eradicate the underlying infectious
Reactive_arthritis
biosensors shows shorter readout times, increased sensitivity and specificity of miRNA detection and lower fabrication costs than conventional miRNA detection
MicroRNA_biosensors
Type of diagnosis assisted by computers
an alternative metric to sensitivity and specificity. Overall, results of clinical trials about sensitivity, specificity, and the absolute detection rate
Computer-aided_diagnosis
Determining if an illness is included in an outbreak investigation
establish the sensitivity and specificity of the clinical definitions. Public Health Epidemiology Outbreak Sensitivity and specificity Diagnostic criteria
Clinical_case_definition
Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection
trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, such that higher sensitivities will mean lower specificities and vice versa. A 90% specific test will correctly
COVID-19_testing
Measurement of bloodflow to the penis
19% and 60% in extrafamilial offenders against children. In terms of specificity of these tests for pedophilia, research has estimated the specificity as
Penile_plethysmography
Uncooked muscle tissue as food
beef trimmings and ground beef." pp. 145–152. Myint, M.S. et al. "The effect of pre-enrichment protocol on the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection
Raw_meat
Medical test
in labor, with a reported sensitivity and specificity of 51% and 70%, respectively, in patients without labor and 98% and 88%, respectively, in patients
Fern_test
Scale to measure daytime sleepiness via a questionnaire
both a high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (93.5%). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale has been used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of other similar
Epworth_Sleepiness_Scale
Test for white blood cells in urine
systematic review and meta-analysis found that leukocyte esterase reagent strips demonstrated good overall sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing spontaneous
Leukocyte_esterase
Fast medical lateral flow test
generally be confirmed by RT-qPCR or some other test with higher sensitivity and specificity. Common examples of RATs or RADTs include: COVID-19 testing-related
Rapid_antigen_test
to measure its performance using the well-accepted metrics of sensitivity and specificity. It may be instructive to compare the classifier to a random
Classification_rule
Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue
rash. It has sensitivity = 92% and specificity = 92%. Full classification tree: Uses six criteria. It has sensitivity = 97% and specificity = 95%. Other
Lupus
Medical procedure
cffDNA sequencing have sensitivity and specificity rates greater than 99% in identifying Trisomy 21. Sensitivity and specificity rates are lower for other
Noninvasive_prenatal_testing
Heart condition
myocardial infarction. Sensitivity and specificity for significant (more or equal to 70%) stenosis of the LAD artery was found to be 69% and 89%, respectively
Wellens'_syndrome
Medical condition
is benign and common and usually resolves when the growth plate has closed or during periods of less activity. It occurs in both males and females. There
Sever's_disease
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
is equivalent to sensitivity and FPR is equal to 1 − specificity, the ROC graph is sometimes called the sensitivity vs (1 − specificity) plot. Each prediction
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Diagnostic test or benchmark
physical findings, and other test results of the individual being tested. It is within this context that the sensitivity and specificity of the "gold standard"
Gold_standard_(test)
Pharmacological test used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
to suboptimal sensitivity and specificity as well as associated adverse risks. Edrophonium is no longer available in the United States and many other countries
Tensilon_test
Group of techniques to detect a particular nucleic acid sequence
the design of probe strands is highly significant to raise the sensitivity and specificity of the detection. However, the mutants which form the genetic
Nucleic_acid_test
Radiologic sign
hematoma and hepatic encephalopathy. The clinical usefulness of the sign has been questioned, as it lacks sensitivity and specificity, and radionuclide
Hot_nose_sign
Inflammation of the appendix
can either increase or decrease sensitivity and specificity. A size of over 6 mm is both 95% sensitive and specific for appendicitis. However, because
Appendicitis
Medical test for a bacterial infection
best combination of sensitivity and specificity. Both carbon-14 and carbon-13 urea breath tests have high sensitivity and specificity, though the carbon-13
Urea_breath_test
Medical diagnostic method
This is now an obsolete test for diagnosing PNH due to its low sensitivity and specificity. As one fourth of PNH cases progress to aplastic anemia, Ham's
Ham_test
American biostatistician
based on sensitivity and specificity according to the formula prevalence = observed prevalence + specificity − 1 sensitivity + specificity − 1 , {\displaystyle
Beth_Gladen
Decision support tool
it comes to sensitivity and specificity it is important to have a balance between the two values, so if we can decrease our specificity to increase the
Decision_tree
Medical condition
between Cushing's disease and ectopic corticotropin syndrome, with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% for Cushing's disease, and a very low rate of complications
Cushing's_disease
Memory impairment test
ages 16 and older. The test has been shown to have high levels of sensitivity and specificity, and is largely insensitive to depression and anxiety.
Test_of_Memory_Malingering
Medical procedure
bayesian probability and the calculation of diagnostic test accuracy measures, such as sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and the diagnostic odds
Medical_test
State of desire for sleep, for unusually long periods
MW (March 2000). "Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test and the epworth sleepiness
Somnolence
Injury to the innermost layer of the aorta
seen in the aorta, and deviation of the trachea to the right. Computed tomography angiography has a 98-100% sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing aortic
Aortic_dissection
Measures of observational error
Random and systematic errors Sensitivity and specificity Significant figures Statistical significance BS ISO 5725-1: "Accuracy (trueness and precision)
Accuracy_and_precision
Putting things into categories
coefficient and KS statistic are widely used in the credit scoring industry. Sensitivity and specificity are widely used in epidemiology and medicine. Precision
Classification
Scleroderma) anti-Jo (for Dermatomyositis) Sensitivity and specificity of these tests depends on the type of assay employed, and will therefore vary by lab. The
Extractable_nuclear_antigen
Inflammation of the heart muscle
found to have high diagnostic sensitivity), the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of myocarditis increased to 88% and 96% respectively. Cardiac
Myocarditis
Self-report questionnaire for bipolar disorder
endorsement, rather than impairment). Sensitivity and specificity of the MDQ also depend on study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Including more severe
Mood_Disorder_Questionnaire
Disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds
Misophonia (or selective sound sensitivity syndrome) is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli, or cues. These
Misophonia
performance of a diagnostic test is measured in terms of its sensitivity and specificity and it is changes in these that are considered when referring to
Spectrum_bias
Most common type of skin cancer
papules, early acne scars, and hypertrophic scarring. Exfoliative cytology methods have high sensitivity and specificity for confirming the diagnosis
Basal-cell_carcinoma
Body movement and diagnostic test
having: sensitivity 91% specificity 26% If raising the opposite leg causes pain (cross or contralateral straight leg raising): sensitivity 29% specificity 88%
Straight_leg_raise
Laboratory technique for DNA methylation profiling
without affecting unmodified cytosines. This results in improved sensitivity and specificity of DNA methylation profiling. Further, unlike bisulfite treatment
TET-assisted pyridine borane sequencing
TET-assisted_pyridine_borane_sequencing
Symptoms caused by an excess of serotonin in the central nervous system
Hunter Toxicity Criteria Decision Rules, which have better sensitivity and specificity, 84% and 97%, respectively, when compared with the gold standard of
Serotonin_syndrome
Medical diagnostic method
endocervical curettage in the workup of cervical dysplasia and to determine its sensitivity and specificity. Most recent studies retain its value in the diagnostic
Endocervical_curettage
Electrocardiogram waveform representing atrial contraction
Munuswamy K, Alpert MA, Martin RH, Whiting RB, Mechlin NJ (1983). "Sensitivity and specificity of commonly used electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial
P_wave_(electrocardiography)
Medical condition
has low sensitivity and specificity and is not routinely employed, apart from helping to distinguish solid from ground glass lesions, and to confirm
Lung_nodule
Chemical compound
marker in newborn screening of Tyrosinemia Type 1 due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Succinylacetone can also be detected in the urine through LCMS
Succinylacetone
Medical measurement of vibration perception
neuropathies, biothesiometry and fine microfilaments were shown to be the only diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity. A systematic review showed
Biothesiometry
Expulsion of fluid during orgasm
cycle, and that the biochemical profile of the para-urethral tissues varies with age. Other issues relate to the sensitivity and specificity of the markers
Female_ejaculation
Anxiety disorder screening instrument
sensitivity value of 0.89 and a specificity value of 0.82 for identifying GAD. The authors of the questionnaire also found acceptable sensitivity and
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7
Generalized_Anxiety_Disorder_7
Medical diagnostic method
of settings and samples. It is considered a good general screening measure for attention problems, although the sensitivity and specificity are not both
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Strengths_and_Difficulties_Questionnaire
Degenerative neurological disorder
markers have a specificity of 95% in clinical symptoms suggestive of CJD, but specificity is 70% in other, less characteristic cases. 14-3-3 and tau proteins
Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Statistical analysis software
Logistic regression Odds ratios Sensitivity and specificity ROC curves Time series analysis Statistical and QC charts and graphs Forest plots Rosch, Winn
WINKS
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
results can establish the presence of prion disease with high Sensitivity and specificity. False positive diagnoses, though rare, are still possible; therefore
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Dividing things between two categories
true column ratios – true positive rate and true negative rate – where they are known as sensitivity and specificity. In informational retrieval, the main
Binary_classification
Immunochromatographic testing devices
detection/sensitivity with excellent specificity, although kit failure rates and the impact of training were potential issues. The Innova test's specificity is
Lateral_flow_test
Natural, unexpected death from cardiac arrest of athletes
common affecting nearly 0.5% of the general population, and the sensitivity and specificity of common screening tests leave much to be desired. The single
Sudden cardiac death of athletes
Sudden_cardiac_death_of_athletes
Species of bacteria
S2CID 84843669. Jambi LK (7 October 2022). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Sensitivity and Specificity of (13)C/(14)C-Urea Breath Tests in the Diagnosis
Helicobacter_pylori
Medical condition
in suspicion of appendicitis, its sensitivity and specificity have not been adequately evaluated, and is considered by some to be an antiquated examination
Rovsing's_sign
Chemical compound
et al. (2014). "Sensitivity and specificity of EtG in hair as a marker of chronic excessive drinking: pooled analysis of raw data and meta-analysis of
Ethyl_glucuronide
Clinical sign
apposition of the gonadal vessels against an inflamed appendix. The sensitivity and specificity of the Ten Horn's sign is unknown. This sign was proposed by
Ten_Horn's_sign
BerEp4 has a high sensitivity and specificity in being positive only in BCC cells. BerEp4 is normally negative in squamous epithelium and mesothelium, but
BerEp4
flattened, and absent labra can also be found in asymptomatic populations. MR arthrography has demonstrated sensitivity over 90% and specificity close to
Hip_pain
Narrowing of the carotid arteries
radiation, no needles and no contrast agents that may cause allergic reactions. This test has good sensitivity and specificity. Typically duplex ultrasound
Carotid_artery_stenosis
Disease of the lymph nodes
nodal size and vascularity are useful in assessing treatment response. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a sensitivity and specificity percentages
Cervical_lymphadenopathy
Noninvasive type of medical imaging
reported to improve sensitivity and specificity when used as an adjunct to screening mammography. A report to the United States Food and Drug Administration
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical_impedance_tomography
Medical imaging procedure
calculated with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. This type of CT may be used on the heart, although sensitivity and specificity for detecting abnormalities
CT_scan
Medical condition
pregnant and have inconclusive findings on ultrasound. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing acute appendicitis are 94% and 96% respectively
Intra-abdominal_infection
Development of antibodies in the blood serum
depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. As a result, assays, like any serum test, may give false positives or false negatives and should be
Seroconversion
Biological molecule
anti-HIV-1 activity. TINA stabilized PT demonstrates improved sensitivity and specificity of DNA based clinical diagnostic assays. Triple helixes are formed
Twisted intercalating nucleic acid
Twisted_intercalating_nucleic_acid
Neuropsychological test to identify cognitive impairment
good sensitivity and specificity for identifying different forms of dementia and other impairments of memory and judgement (0.93 and 0.71; 0.82 and 0.96
Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
Addenbrooke's_Cognitive_Examination
Lowest quantity observable with sufficient confidence above the background
1021/ac50064a004. Saah AJ, Hoover DR (1998). "[Sensitivity and specificity revisited: significance of the terms in analytic and diagnostic language]". Ann Dermatol
Detection_limit
Fear of anxious behaviors or feelings
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the fear of behaviors or sensations associated with the experience of anxiety, and a misinterpretation of such sensations
Anxiety_sensitivity
Lung cancer of glandular origin or characteristics
imaging provides better evaluation of the lungs, with higher sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer compared to chest radiograph (although still
Adenocarcinoma_of_the_lung
Posterior displacement (but not dislocation) of a vertebra relative to the one below it
well positioned i.e. true lateral plain x-ray film revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% ([95% Confidence Interval. = [89%–100%]) for bulge/protrusion
Retrolisthesis
Highly sensitive assay for prion detection
can also be used to test for scrapie, BSE, and CWD. Various procedures can improve sensitivity and specificity. Iron oxide metal extraction (IOME) uses
Real-time quaking-induced conversion
Real-time_quaking-induced_conversion
Medical test of heart capacity
Bruce protocol, demonstrates a sensitivity range of around 73-90% and a specificity range of around 50-74%. Sensitivity refers to the percentage of individuals
Cardiac_stress_test
Space on the left side of the human body
percussion over Traube's space yields a sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 72%, respectively. Specificity may be higher if the patient has not eaten
Traube's_space
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
Applying ice for 2–5 minutes to the muscles reportedly has a sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 98.3%, respectively, for the identification of MG. Acetylcholinesterase
Myasthenia_gravis
Evaluation system of fainting patients
Department visit and hospitalization for a related event.[citation needed] SFSR was retrospectively found to have 98% sensitivity and specificity of 56% for
San_Francisco_Syncope_Rule
Chance of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis
{\displaystyle E(V/R)} . False positives and false negatives False coverage rate False discovery rate Sensitivity and specificity Confusion matrix Contingency table
False_positive_rate
Genetic autoinflammatory disease
criteria are widely recognized. It has more than 95 percent and 97 percent sensitivity and specificity, respectively. For the criteria, typical attacks consist
Familial_Mediterranean_fever
Clinical sign of low blood calcium level
of patients with hypocalcemia. Due to the combination of poor sensitivity and specificity the clinical utility of this sign is reduced. Jesus, JE; Landry
Chvostek_sign
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY
SENSITIVITY AND-SPECIFICITY