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Measure of enzyme efficiency
In the field of biochemistry, the specificity constant (also called kinetic efficiency or k c a t / K M {\displaystyle k_{cat}/K_{M}} ), is a measure of
Specificity_constant
Physical constant equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but in different units
The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is the molar
Gas_constant
Ability of biomolecules to bind specific ligands
ligands. The fewer ligands a protein can bind, the greater its specificity. Specificity describes the strength of binding between a given protein and ligand
Chemical_specificity
Model of enzyme kinetics
limiting nutrients and phytoplankton growth in the global ocean. The specificity constant k cat / K m {\displaystyle k_{\text{cat}}/K_{\mathrm {m} }} (also
Michaelis–Menten_kinetics
Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic
Boltzmann_constant
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
expressed in terms of kcat/Km. This is also called the specificity constant and incorporates the rate constants for all steps in the reaction up to and including
Enzyme
Physical constant in quantum mechanics
The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by h {\displaystyle h} , is a fundamental physical constant of foundational importance in quantum mechanics:
Planck_constant
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up specific or specifically in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Specific may refer to: Specificity (disambiguation) Specific, a cure or therapy for
Specific
Constant expressing ambiguity from indefinite integrals
In calculus, the constant of integration, often denoted by C {\displaystyle C} (or c {\displaystyle c} ), is a constant term added to an antiderivative
Constant_of_integration
Difference between logarithm and harmonic series
{\displaystyle \log _{e}(x)} . Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase
Euler's_constant
Thermodynamic quantity
ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (CP) to heat capacity at constant volume (CV)
Heat_capacity_ratio
Universal and unchanging physical quantity
physics. These constants include the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the Planck constant h, the electric constant ε0, and the elementary
Physical_constant
American biochemist
enzyme specificity, and to use the term specificity constant for it, as later recommended by the IUBMB. Philipp and Bender proposed that this specificity constant
Myron_L._Bender
Type of mathematical function
real-valued argument, a constant function has the general form y(x) = c or just y = c. For example, the function y(x) = 4 is the specific constant function where
Constant_function
British chemist (born 1943)
definition of specificity. For that reason, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has recommended the name specificity constant for this
Alan_Fersht
Protein complex for mRNA transcription
active site per second). The specificity constant is given by kcat/Km. The theoretical maximum for the specificity constant is the diffusion limit of about
RNA_polymerase_II
Device that generates sounds of constant pitch when struck
U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually steel). It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it against a surface or with
Tuning_fork
Programming language specialized to a specific application domain
maintaining proper scope. Difficulty of balancing trade-offs between domain-specificity and general-purpose programming language constructs Potential loss of
Domain-specific_language
Definition of the units kg, A, K and mol
units, for the Planck constant (h), the elementary electric charge (e), the Boltzmann constant (kB), and the Avogadro constant (NA), respectively. The
2019_revision_of_the_SI
Executable Java file format
references, to specific constants in the constant pool table are given by 16-bit (type u2) numbers, where index value 1 refers to the first constant in the table
Java_class_file
Chemical property
Stability constants, formation constants, binding constants, association constants and dissociation constants are all types of equilibrium constants. For a
Equilibrium_constant
Enzyme rate limited by diffusion
was elaborated in the paper. Kinetically perfect enzymes have a specificity constant, kcat/Km, on the order of 108 to 109 M−1 s−1. The rate of the enzyme-catalysed
Diffusion-limited_enzyme
Fixed number that has received a name
A mathematical constant is a number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter)
Mathematical_constant
Constant equal to twice pi
The number τ (/ˈtaʊ, ˈtɔː, ˈtɒ/ ; spelled out as tau) is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius. It is exactly
Tau_(mathematics)
Mass per unit volume of the Earth's atmosphere
approximately 4.81×10−26 in kg. R specific {\displaystyle R_{\text{specific}}} , the specific gas constant for dry air, which using the values presented above would
Density_of_air
Heat required to raise the temperature of a given unit of mass of a substance
(specific heat capacity at constant pressure) than when it is heated in a closed vessel that prevents expansion (specific heat capacity at constant volume)
Specific_heat_capacity
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} ) is a
Acid_dissociation_constant
Model of economic development
of the n {\displaystyle n} tasks together and scaling it by a firm specific constant, B {\displaystyle B} . This scalar is positively correlated with the
O-ring theory of economic development
O-ring_theory_of_economic_development
Hypothetical conflict with the laws of physics as currently known
context, the conclusion that these quantities are constant raises the question of why they have the specific value they do in what appears to be a "fine-tuned
Time-variation of fundamental constants
Time-variation_of_fundamental_constants
Steel alloy variety
where σ0 is the matrix strength with large grains, ky being an alloy specific constant (called the Hall-Petch Slope), and d being the grain diameter. Significant
Chromium–vanadium_steel
Thermodynamic equation
or in K according to the value of C), and A, B and C are component-specific constants. The simplified form with C set to zero, log 10 p = A − B T , {\displaystyle
Antoine_equation
Ratio of two densities
substance, the density, ρ, is given by ρ = Mass Volume = Deflection × Spring Constant Gravity Displacement W a t e r L i n e × Area C y l i n d e r . {\displaystyle
Relative_density
Type of polycrystalline material
material-specific constant that accounts for the effects of all other strengthening mechanisms, K {\displaystyle K} is a material-specific constant that describes
Nanocrystalline_material
Weight per unit volume of a material
location (e.g., Earth's gravity). In practice, the standard gravity (a constant) is often assumed, usually taken as 9.80665 m/s2. Pressure may also affect
Specific_weight
Value that is not changed during execution
programming, a constant is a value that is not altered by the program during normal execution. When associated with an identifier, a constant is said to be
Constant (computer programming)
Constant_(computer_programming)
Coefficients of an algebra over a field
In mathematics, the structure constants or structure coefficients of an algebra over a field are the coefficients of the basis expansion (into linear
Structure_constants
Constant envelope is achieved when a sinusoidal waveform reaches equilibrium in a specific system. This happens when negative feedback in a control system
Constant_envelope
Chemical property
biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (KD) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object
Dissociation_constant
Unit of mass
width, or a square yard, where the depth of the fabric is a fabric-specific constant. The most common unit of measure for the copper thickness on a printed
Ounce
Fundamental physical law of electromagnetism
the charges. The proportionality constant depends upon the unit of charge used and may be called the Coulomb constant. The force is along the straight
Coulomb's_law
Quotient of a quantity by mass
produced per (length) unit of drawdown Specific detectivity of a photodetector Specific gas constant, per molar mass Specific gravity, also called relative density
Specific_quantity
Iterative algorithm on numbers
= 8532 8532 – 2358 = 6174 7641 – 1467 = 6174 6174, known as Kaprekar's constant, is a fixed point of this algorithm. Any four-digit number (in base 10)
Kaprekar's_routine
Activity per unit mass of a radionuclide
Experimentally measured specific activity can be used to calculate the half-life of a radionuclide. Where decay constant λ is related to specific radioactivity
Specific_activity
Large number coined by Ronald Graham
the general public. At the time of its introduction, it was the largest specific positive integer ever to have been used in a published mathematical proof
Graham's_number
Biological mechanism
switching, the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain changes but the variable regions do not, and therefore antigenic specificity remains the
Immunoglobulin class switching
Immunoglobulin_class_switching
Measure of turbomachinery speed
Turbine specific speed equation we first start with the Power formula for water then using proportionalities with η,ρ, and g being constant they can
Specific_speed
Polynomials used for interpolation
(x)=\prod _{m}(x-x_{m})} common to every basis polynomial, a node-specific constant w j = ∏ m ≠ j ( x j − x m ) − 1 {\displaystyle \textstyle w_{j}=\prod
Lagrange_polynomial
Characteristic time in a system
In physics and engineering, the time constant, usually denoted by the Greek letter τ (tau), is the parameter characterizing the response to a step input
Time_constant
Fragment
scFv’s affinity and specificity. This protein retains the specificity of the original immunoglobulin, despite removal of the constant regions and the introduction
Single-chain variable fragment
Single-chain_variable_fragment
Number, approximately 3.14
The number π (/paɪ/ ; spelled out as pi) is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its
Pi
Volume occupied per unit mass
remains constant and new atoms of gas are injected, the density increases and the specific volume decreases. If the size of the chamber remains constant and
Specific_volume
Mechanical linkage consisting of four links connected by joints in a loop
mechanisms are driven by a rotational actuator, or crank, that requires a specific constant speed. This required speed (ωcrank) is related to the cycle time as
Four-bar_linkage
Proposed mode of space travel
travel under constant acceleration is a hypothetical method of space travel that involves the use of a propulsion system that generates a constant acceleration
Space travel under constant acceleration
Space_travel_under_constant_acceleration
property dependence: specific constant dependence and generic constant dependence. The former accounts for dependence on specific entities, e.g. each person
OntoClean
Function or value which does not change
In mathematics, the word constant conveys multiple meanings. As an adjective, it refers to non-variance (i.e. unchanging with respect to some other value);
Constant_(mathematics)
Property of a thermodynamic system
{T}{T_{0}}}} provided that the constant-pressure molar heat capacity (or specific heat) C P {\textstyle C_{\mathrm {P} }} is constant and that no phase transition
Entropy
Problem of deciding whether an expression equals zero
In mathematics, the constant problem is the problem of deciding whether a given expression is equal to zero. This problem is also referred to as the identity
Constant_problem
Standardized factor in thermodynamics
conjunction with VCF / CTL, as the correction factors are dependent upon specific constants, which are further dependent on liquid hydrocarbon classifications
Volume_correction_factor
Memory process-related theory
context. This led to the encoding specificity principle. Semantics do not always play a role in encoding specificity; memory, rather, depends upon the
Encoding specificity principle
Encoding_specificity_principle
Thermodynamic phase transition energy
energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process—usually a first-order phase transition, like melting
Latent_heat
Halting probability of a random computer program
computer science subfield of algorithmic information theory, a Chaitin constant (Chaitin omega number) or halting probability is a real number that, informally
Chaitin's_constant
Molecular property
z is the separation distance, and A is a material-specific constant called the Hamaker constant. The effect is also apparent in experiments where a
Adhesion
This is a list of common physical constants and variables, and their notations. Note that bold text indicates that the quantity is a vector. List of letters
List of common physics notations
List_of_common_physics_notations
substance is called material constant or constant of matter. (Material constants should not be confused with physical constants, that have a universal character
List_of_materials_properties
Gas equation of state which accounts for non-ideal gas behavior
{\displaystyle N} . The constants a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are experimentally determinable, substance-specific constants. This form is useful
Van_der_Waals_equation
Modern form of the metric system
Boltzmann constant k, the Avogadro constant NA, and the luminous efficacy Kcd. The nature of the defining constants ranges from fundamental constants of nature
International_System_of_Units
Property of an irrational number
number theory, specifically in Diophantine approximation theory, the Markov constant M ( α ) {\displaystyle M(\alpha )} of an irrational number α {\displaystyle
Markov_constant
Type of gearbox used on jet engines
proper voltage at a constant AC frequency, usually three-phase 115 VAC at 400 Hz, an alternator needs to spin at a constant specific speed (typically 6
Constant-speed_drive
Speed of electromagnetic waves
speed is in a vacuum. The speed of light in vacuum is a universal physical constant denoted c (in ISO and IEC standards c 0 {\displaystyle c_{0}} ), exactly
Speed_of_light
Biochemical laboratory technique
solubility of the protein, B is idealized solubility, K is a salt-specific constant and I is the ionic strength of the solution, which is attributed to
Protein_precipitation
Physical property of matter
from 15 °C to 16 °C, or from 34 °C to 35 °C, with negligible error. At constant pressure, heat supplied to the system contributes to both the work done
Heat_capacity
Sum of the inverses of the positive cubes
Apéry's constant is a mathematical constant, defined as the infinite sum of the reciprocals of the cubes of the positive integers. In symbols, ζ ( 3 )
Apéry's_constant
Error correction in biochemical reactions
next step in the pathway, the specificity can be increased by a factor of up to the ratio between the two exit rate constants. (If the next step is fast
Kinetic_proofreading
Propeller with blades that can be rotated to control their pitch while in use
where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (typically
Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)
depends on affinity and specificity. Specificity means that proteins distinguish the highly specific binding partner from less specific partners and affinity
Protein–ligand_complex
Accounting focused on inflation
of constant purchasing power in terms of the monthly published Consumer Price Index. This does not result in capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing
Inflation_accounting
calculating specific heats in terms of moles of molecules. If specific heat is expressed per mole of atoms for these substances, none of the constant-volume
Table of specific heat capacities
Table_of_specific_heat_capacities
Phenomenon of non-ideal fluids changing temperature
{\displaystyle (p,T)} diagram of a gas. Combined with the specific heat capacity at constant pressure c P = ( ∂ h / ∂ T ) P {\displaystyle c_{P}=(\partial
Joule–Thomson_effect
Formal language models
language is of constant growth if every string in the language is longer than the next shorter strings by at most a (language-specific) constant. Languages
Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism
Mildly_context-sensitive_grammar_formalism
Constant used in orbital mechanics
The Gaussian gravitational constant (symbol k) is a parameter used in the orbital mechanics of the Solar System. It relates the orbital period to the orbit's
Gaussian gravitational constant
Gaussian_gravitational_constant
have been correlated with two aspects of its enzyme kinetics: 1) Its "specificity" for CO2 over O2, and 2) Its rate of carboxylation. The reactive enodiolate
Kinetic isotope effects of RuBisCO
Kinetic_isotope_effects_of_RuBisCO
Measure in astrodynamics
trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy:
Characteristic_energy
Concept in celestial mechanics
gravitational parameter μ of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of that body. For two bodies, the parameter may be expressed
Standard gravitational parameter
Standard_gravitational_parameter
Class of games in game theory
has cost at most some given constant C. Klimm and Warode studied atomic splittable network CGs with affine player-specific delay functions d e , i ( x
Congestion_game
Short-term state of the atmosphere
contact with the Earth's surface while radiative losses to space are mostly constant. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict
Weather
Numbers obtained by adding the two previous ones
solution of a homogeneous linear difference equation with constant coefficients. Some specific examples that are close, in some sense, to the Fibonacci
Fibonacci_sequence
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC /ˈeɪsɪk/) is an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Degenerative neurological disorder
of prion diseases. The markers have a specificity of 95% in clinical symptoms suggestive of CJD, but specificity is 70% in other, less characteristic cases
Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Gifted person with broad knowledge
for polymathy as well as the issue of the domain-generality or domain-specificity of creativity. Based on their earlier four-c model of creativity, Beghetto
Polymath
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
gravitational acceleration as a function of altitude can be approximated as constant and contributes little to this fall-off. Pressure measures force per unit
Atmospheric_pressure
in an isolated system subject only to conservative forces will remain constant. It is defined as: ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } = ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon
Specific_mechanical_energy
Orthogonal symmetric polynomial family
};q)_{\infty }}.} ⟨ f , g ⟩ = ( constant term of f g ¯ Δ ) / | W | {\displaystyle \langle f,g\rangle =({\text{constant term of }}f{\overline {g}}\Delta
Macdonald_polynomials
Symbols requiring interpretation
logic, these usually consist of constant symbols, function symbols, and predicates. This is in contrast to logical constants which are required to have the
Non-logical_symbol
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
}{k_{\mathrm {B} }T}}\right)-1}}} where kB is the Boltzmann constant, h is the Planck constant, and c is the speed of light in the medium, whether material
Planck's_law
Change in velocity per amount of fuel
{\mathrm {d} m}{\mathrm {d} t}}} . Assuming that the engine expels mass at a constant exhaust velocity v e {\displaystyle v_{\text{e}}} , the thrust is T = v
Specific_impulse
Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true
also be computed from sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence: NPV = specificity × ( 1 − prevalence ) specificity × ( 1 − prevalence ) + ( 1 − sensitivity
Positive and negative predictive values
Positive_and_negative_predictive_values
Concept in physics
specific forces. Accelerometers on the surface of the Earth measure a constant 9.8 m/s^2 even when they are not accelerating (that is, when they do not
Specific_force
interpretation. 2. Alternative-specific constants Unlike adding a constant to all the utilities, adding alternative-specific constants does alter the choice probabilities
Choice_model_simulation
Graphical calculator used in electrical engineering
families of curves: circles of constant resistance ( Re ( z ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Re} (z)} ) and arcs of constant reactance ( Im ( z ) {\displaystyle
Smith_chart
Measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test
terms of the sensitivity and specificity of the test: DOR = sensitivity × specificity ( 1 − sensitivity ) × ( 1 − specificity ) {\displaystyle {\text{DOR}}={\frac
Diagnostic_odds_ratio
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