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Longest chain of covalently-bonded atoms in a polymer
of the molecule. In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified
Polymer_backbone
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
330 million tons of these polymers are made every year (2015). Most commonly, the continuously linked backbone of a polymer used for the preparation of
Polymer
Attachment of side chains to the backbone chain of a polymer
branching is the regular or irregular attachment of side chains to a polymer's backbone chain. It occurs by the replacement of a substituent (e.g. a hydrogen
Branching_(polymer_chemistry)
Polymer containing many ionic or ionizable functional groups
is a polymer composed of repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units and ionized units covalently bonded to the polymer backbone as pendant
Ionomer
Subgroup of polymers
Cardo polymers are a sub group of polymers where ring structures are pendent to the polymer backbone. The backbone carbons bonded to the pendent ring structures
Cardo_polymer
Polymer whose backbone does not contain carbon
In polymer chemistry, an inorganic polymer is a polymer with a skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms in the backbone. Polymers containing
Inorganic_polymer
Polymer with a backbone of one composite and random branches of another composite
termed a ‘’brush macromolecule’’. In polymer chemistry, graft polymers are segmented copolymers with a linear backbone of one composite and randomly distributed
Graft_polymer
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
side chains onto the polymer backbone may determine the colour of emitted light or the stability and solubility of the polymer for performance and ease of
OLED
Group of polymers derived from vinyl monomers
In polymer chemistry, vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from substituted vinyl (H2C=CHR) monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain
Vinyl_polymer
Type of polymer degradation
temperature on this. Polymer devolatilization is similarly effected. At high temperatures, the components of the long chain backbone of the polymer can break (chain
Thermal degradation of polymers
Thermal_degradation_of_polymers
Relative conformational uniformity of repeating units in a macromolecule
in vinyl polymers of the type -H 2C-CH(R)-, where each repeating unit contains a substituent R attached to one side of the polymer backbone. The arrangement
Tacticity
Early synthetic polymer developed as a textile fiber
incorporated into two new bonds as the monomer becomes part of the polymer backbone. The 220 °C (428 °F) melting point of nylon 6 is lower than the 265 °C
Nylon
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
properties of the polymer.[citation needed] Plastics are usually classified by their chemical structure of the polymer's backbone and side chains. Important
Plastic
Organic polymers that have properties of conducting and redox active polymers
and redox active polymers. They consist of a conducting polymer backbone with redox active pendant groups. The conducting backbone is usually polythiophene
Conducting_redox_polymer
Linear polymer whose repeat units have regularly-branching side chains
dendro- 'tree') are polymers. A dendrozined polymer has a linear backbone, and on each repeat unit of the linear backbone, dendrons are attached. A dendron is
Dendronized_polymer
Polymer responsive to electric fields
Electrostrictive graft polymers consist of flexible backbone chains with branching side chains. The side chains on neighboring backbone polymers cross link and
Electroactive_polymer
Long carbohydrate polymers such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
large numbers between 200 and 2500. When the repeating units in the polymer backbone are six-carbon monosaccharides, as is often the case, the general formula
Polysaccharide
Organic polymer made of the repeating unit [C2H2]
saturated polymers. Furthermore, placing different functional groups as substituents on the polymer backbone leads to a twisted conformation of the polymer chain
Polyacetylene
Very long-chain polyethylene with high impact strength
The longer chain serves to transfer load more effectively to the polymer backbone by strengthening intermolecular interactions. This results in a very
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene
Type of battery
over conductive polymer batteries. The polymer backbone and cross-linking techniques can be tuned to minimize the solubility of the polymer in the electrolyte
Polymer-based_battery
Functional group at the extremity of an oligomer or other macromolecule
radicals along the polymer backbone from an abstraction of a halogen, from either the backbone or a functional group along the backbone. Monomers are reacted
End_group
Chintan patel
PEG (polyethylene glycol) incorporated into, or pendant from, the polymer backbone. Two component polyurethane dispersions are also available. There has
Polyurethane_dispersion
Organic Polymer
by the same mechanism, twisting of the polymer backbone and disrupting conjugation, making conjugated polymers attractive as sensors that can provide
Polythiophene
Semi-crystalline high-temperature plastic in the Nylon family
The substitution of aliphatic diacids by aromatic diacids in the polymer backbone increases the melting point, glass transition temperature, chemical
Polyphthalamide
are a class of biodegradable polymers characterized by anhydride bonds that connect repeat units of the polymer backbone chain. Their main application
Polyanhydride
Polymer with refractive index > 1.50
index of a polymer is based on several factors which include polarizability, chain flexibility, molecular geometry and the polymer backbone orientation
High-refractive-index_polymer
Polymer obtained by irreversibly hardening (curing) a resin
is influenced by the degree of backbone unsaturation in the prepolymer; Epoxy functional resins can be homo-polymerized with anionic or cationic catalysts
Thermosetting_polymer
Category of polymers, in which the monomers are joined together by ester links
in particular based on a high percentage of aromatic carbons in the polymer backbone which produces a certain stiffness. Approaches for an improvement
Polyester
Class of extremely unreactive, inert and fire-resistant polymers
mesogens in the polymer backbones, which indirectly leads to the high melting temperature of this kind of LCPs. To make this kind of polymer easy to process
Liquid-crystal_polymer
Type of rechargeable battery
anions move freely. In a SIC, the anions are covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. This restricts anion movement and allows only Li⁺ ions to travel,
Semi-solid-state_battery
Medicinal locomotive lab
the type of modification. Polymers may be chemically modified to induce antimicrobial behavior or they may be used as a backbone for the addition of organic
Antimicrobial_polymer
Family of plastic polymers
thermoplastic polymers. The polar ketone groups in the polymer backbone of these materials gives rise to a strong attraction between polymer chains, which
Polyketone
Macromolecule involving monomeric sequence-control
sequence-controlled polymerization of oligopeptides. The most important character of sequence-controlled polymers is its controllable sequence of polymer backbone. Nonetheless
Sequence-controlled_polymer
absorbed by the body leaving no trace. The backbone of the polymer is hydrolytically unstable. That is, the polymer is unstable in a water based environment
Synthetic biodegradable polymer
Synthetic_biodegradable_polymer
Chemical compound
it is an inorganic polymer consisting of the infinite chains [AsO2]n− n associated with sodium cations, Na+. The polymer backbone has the connectivity
Sodium_arsenite
Chemical compounds used in adhesives and sealants
Silyl-modified polymers (SMP; also silane-modified polymers, modified-silane polymers, MS polymers, silane-terminated polymers, etc.) are polymers terminating
Silyl_modified_polymers
Any liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains
lubricating properties. Like all siloxanes (e.g., hexamethyldisiloxane), the polymer backbone consists of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms (...Si−O−Si−O−Si.
Silicone_oil
Polymer conformation in which all bonded subunits are oriented randomly
idea that, in the absence of specific, stabilizing interactions, a polymer backbone will "sample" all possible conformations randomly. Many unbranched
Random_coil
Biodegradable polymer
similar mechanical properties to PETE polymer, but has a significantly lower maximum continuous use temperature. Backbone architecture of PLA and its effect
Polylactic_acid
Chemical compound
groups are not in the polymer backbone. Owing to the presence of the amide (CONH2) groups, alternating carbon atoms in the backbone are stereogenic (chiral)
Polyacrylamide
sites of contortion along the backbone. Due to their fused ring structure PIMs cannot rotate freely along the polymer backbone, ensuring the macromolecular
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity
Polymers_of_intrinsic_microporosity
Class of high performance thermoplastic polymers
proposed as the degradation mechanism depending on the strength of the polymer backbone. Polysulfone food pans are used for the storage, heating, and serving
Polysulfone
Material
diamine and bisphenolic cross-linking systems can lead to cleavage in a polymer backbone chain containing PMVE. While diamine and bisphenolic cross-linking
FKM
Polymer harvested from certain trees
core by the high negative charge along the double bonds of the rubber polymer backbone. Free monomeric units and conjugated proteins make up the outer layer
Natural_rubber
Polymerization reaction among insoluble monomers in a solution
In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and
Emulsion_polymerization
Pigment applied over a surface that dries as a solid film
the proportion of the wet coating weight that is binder, i.e., the polymer backbone of the film that will remain after drying or curing is complete. The
Paint
Polymers that absorb and retain extremely large amounts of liquid
They developed a resin based on the grafting of acrylonitrile polymer onto the backbone of starch molecules (i.e. starch-grafting). The hydrolyzed product
Superabsorbent_polymer
Thermoplastic polymer
polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.
Polypropylene
Aromatic organic chemical
example by grafting the molecule into the polymer backbone. It is also used as a trimerization catalyst with polymeric MDI. Polyether ether ketones may also
2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol
2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol
Synthesis of fullerene polymer with C60 in the backbone by Diels-Alder reaction 2001 – Synthesis of star-shaped C60 (co)polymers High content of double
Polyfullerene
Sulfated polysaccharides
primarily from various species of brown algae. The main sugar found in the polymer backbone is fucose, giving the name fucoidan. Other sugars are often present
Fucoidan
Chemical compound
group. Comb PEGs have multiple PEG chains normally grafted onto a polymer backbone. The numbers that are often included in the names of PEGs indicate
Polyethylene_glycol
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
Compositions with Acid-Generating Photoinitiator and Polymer with Acid-Labile Groups Pendant From Polymer Backbone" J. M. J. Fréchet, H. Ito and C. G. Willson
Moore's_law
Electronics mimicking skin functionalities
found that incorporating 2,6-pyridine dicarboxamide (PDCA) into the polymer backbone could impart self-healing abilities based on the network of hydrogen
Electronic_skin
Chemical compound
each side re-forming two new bonds as the monomer becomes part of the polymer backbone. Unlike nylon 6,6, in which the direction of the amide bond reverses
Nylon_6
Type of porous material
cross-coupling of building blocks with different geometries to create a 3-D polymer backbone is necessary, while self-condensation reactions occur in the homo-coupling
Conjugated microporous polymer
Conjugated_microporous_polymer
Chemical compound
thermal and chemical stability. It was first discovered in 1961, by American polymer chemist Carl Shipp Marvel in the pursuit of new materials with superior
Polybenzimidazole
Device detecting tiny amounts of explosives
fluorescent polymer in thin films absorbs a photon of light, excited state polymers (excitons) are able to migrate along the polymer backbone and between
Explosives_trace_detector
materials, the ether groups are pendant from the polymer backbone. Krytox is a grease generated by the polymerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide. Its chemical
Perfluoroether
Coiled coil drug delivery system
non-covalent polymer-drug conjugates to link drugs to polymer backbones. The goal of these types of systems is to attach multiple drugs to a non-toxic backbone such
Coiled-coil_drug_delivery
Class of chemical compounds
Montreal Protocol. Side-chain fluorinated polymers (SCFPs), in which fluorotelomers are attached to a polymer backbone, may release fluorotelomer alcohols through
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
Perfluoroalkyl_carboxylic_acids
Intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen donor-and-acceptor pair
chemical or mechanical means while retaining the basic structure of the polymer backbone. This hierarchy of bond strengths (covalent bonds being stronger than
Hydrogen_bond
Chemistry subdiscipline
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers
Polymer_chemistry
Topics referred to by the same term
grammatical units within sentences Branching (polymer chemistry), the attachment of side chains to a polymer's backbone chain Branching (revision control), a
Branching
Group of crystalline polar polymers that are also ferroelectric
Ferroelectric polymers are a group of crystalline polar polymers that are also ferroelectric, meaning that they maintain a permanent electric polarization
Ferroelectric_polymer
Elastomer composed of silicone
Silicone rubber is an elastomer composed of silicone—itself a polymer—containing silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Silicone rubbers
Silicone_rubber
Type of synthetic rubber
Relative to rubbers with unsaturated backbones (natural rubber, SBR, neoprene), rubbers with saturated polymer backbones, such as EPDM, exhibit superior resistance
EPDM_rubber
High strength concrete additive
aggregates such as gravels and sand respectively). The negatively charged polymer backbone adsorbs onto the positively charged colloidal particles of unreacted
Superplasticizer
from the nitrogen onto the oxygen. TEMPO radicals can be attached to polymer backbones to form poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- piperidenyloxyl-4-yl methacrylate)
Organic_radical_battery
the anion-exchange membrane (AEM). A typical AEM is composed of a polymer backbone with tethered cationic ion-exchange groups to facilitate the movement
Alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cell
Alkaline_anion-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell
same for both, only the stimulus varies. The general form of the polymer is a backbone with functional "pendant groups" that hang off of it. When these
PH-sensitive_polymers
Splitting of water using a semipermeable membrane
temperatures and pH. Polymeric AEM backbones are cationic-free base polymers. Poly(arylene ether)-based backbones, polyolefin-based backbones, polyphenylene-based
Anion exchange membrane electrolysis
Anion_exchange_membrane_electrolysis
Movement of the active site on one growing polymer chain to another molecule
along the polymer backbone. The properties of low-density polyethylene are critically determined by the amount of chain transfer to polymer that takes
Chain_transfer
Type of compound having a metal center
thermal ring-opening polymerizations to give soluble high molecular weight polymers with transition metals in the polymer backbone. Ansa-metallocenes are
Metallocene
Property of crosslinked rubber
by sequentially adding short molecular backbone units to the chain through chemical reactions. A rubber polymer follows a random winding path in three
Rubber_elasticity
Study of fracture surface of ploymers
generation. Chain scission occurs in a polymer as a result of intense localized heat. The chemical bond in a polymer backbone may be broken with the generation
Fracture_in_polymers
Light-sensitive material used in making electronics
Compositions with Acid-Generating Photoinitiator and Polymer with Acid-Labile Groups Pendant From Polymer Backbone" J.M.J. Fréchet, H. Ito and C.G. Willson 1985
Photoresist
Polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
In polymer chemistry, a copolymer is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. The polymerization of monomers into copolymers is called
Copolymer
Polymer
applications. For example, cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) can be added to the polymer backbone, replacing some of the ethylene glycol. Since this building block is
Polyethylene_terephthalate
addition, many PDAs exhibit thermochromism caused by twisting of the polymer backbone, changing the amount of conjugation in the system. Depending upon the
Polydiacetylenes
). While organic polymers are often petrol-based, the backbones of SIPs are made from elements other than carbon. Common backbones utilized in SIPs include
Smart_inorganic_polymer
Alteration in the polymer properties under the influence of environmental factors
are addition polymers with all-carbon backbones that are more resistant to most types of degradation. PET and PC are condensation polymers which contain
Polymer_degradation
Chemical group attached to backbone
backbone geometry using computational tools for side-chain reconstruction. Alkyl Backbone-dependent rotamer library Backbone chain Branching (polymer
Side_chain
Industrial and food chemical
semi-solid (when n is very high). PDMS molecules have quite flexible polymer backbones (or chains) due to their siloxane linkages, which are analogous to
Polydimethylsiloxane
Indian biomedical engineer
hyperbranched polymer that breaks up the long antigenic ethylene glycol sequence in PEG and presents them as much shorter side-chains along a polymer backbone. Peptides
Ashutosh_Chilkoti
Chemical used in plastics, xenoestrogen
is mainly used as a reactive component of polymers, meaning that it is incorporated into the polymer backbone. It is used to prepare fire-resistant polycarbonates
Bisphenol_A
Polymers that break down by bacterial decomposition
Biodegradable polymers are polymers that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms. Whereas most polymers are designed for longevity, biodegradable
Biodegradable_polymer
Type of polymerization reaction mechanism
In polymer chemistry, step-growth polymerization is a type of polymerization mechanism in which bi-functional or multifunctional monomers react to form
Step-growth_polymerization
Spontaneous oxidation by oxygen at normal temperature
autoxidation can also cause polymers such as plastics to deteriorate. Sensitivity varies depending in the polymer backbone, in general structures containing
Autoxidation
Type of ion-exchange resin
resins arises from the nature of the chelating agents pendant from the polymer backbone. Dowex chelating resin A-1, also known as Chelex 100, is based on iminodiacetic
Chelating_resin
Chemical compound
selectivity owing to the steric protection of the ortho positions by the polymer backbone. This compound has a rat LD50 of 1960 mg/kg. "Safety data for p-nitrobenzoic
4-Nitrobenzoic_acid
Chemical compound
a novel carboxyl group containing (co)polyimide with sulfur in the polymer backbone". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 8 (1): 776–786. doi:10.3762/bjoc
4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride
4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic_anhydride
room temperature semi-solid to ointment-like due to the very flexible polymer backbone. They allow the incorporation of thermally labile and solvent-sensitive
Polyorthoester
Class of polymers with a silicon-nitrogen backbone
organosilicon chemistry, polysilazanes are polymers in which silicon and nitrogen atoms alternate to form the basic backbone (···−Si−N−Si−N−···). Since each silicon
Polysilazane
Chemical compound
is mainly used as a reactive component of polymers, meaning that it is incorporated into the polymer backbone. It is used to prepare fire-resistant polycarbonates
Tetrabromobisphenol_A
Type of water-resistant material from plants
these are usually left with yet further amine functionality on the polymer backbone to enable them to cure and crosslink an epoxy resin. Paints may then
Waterborne_resin
Polymer resin widely used in packaging
Polystyrene (PS) /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ is a synthetic polymer made from monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General-purpose
Polystyrene
Organic polymer matrix bearing ion-exchange functional groups
An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange, that is also known as an ionex. It is an insoluble
Ion-exchange_resin
Type of chain polymerization
also reversible-deactivation polymerization RDP. In polymer chemistry, reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are members of the class
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Reversible-deactivation_radical_polymerization
Type of synthetic elastomer
terpolymerized in a controlled manner to maintain an unsaturated backbone ready for vulcanization or polymer modification. Francis P. Baldwin received the 1979 Charles
Ethylene_propylene_rubber
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Holmer in Buckinghamshire and Herefordshire, both named with Old English hol ‘hollow’ + mere ‘pool’.English : topographic name for someone who lived either on a piece of slightly raised land lying in a fen or partly surrounded by streams or where holly grew, from a derivative of Middle English holm (see Holm 1 and 2).Swedish, Danish, and North German (Schleswig-Holstein) : topographic name for someone who lived on an island (see Holm).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Clement.George Clymer (1739–1813), a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution, was a prosperous and well-connected Philadelphia merchant. His grandfather, Richard Clymer, came to Philadelphia in 1705 from Bristol, England.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English, Old French palmer, paumer (from palme, paume ‘palm tree’, Latin palma), a nickname for someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Such pilgrims generally brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually made the journey, but there was a vigorous trade in false souvenirs, and the term also came to be applied to a cleric who sold indulgences.Swedish (Palmér) : ornamental name formed with palm ‘palm tree’ + the suffix -ér, from Latin -erius ‘descendant of’.Irish : when not truly of English origin (see 1 above), a surname adopted by bearers of Gaelic Ó Maolfhoghmhair (see Milford) perhaps because they were from an ecclesiastical family.German : topographic name for someone living among pussy willows (see Palm 2).German : from the personal name Palm (see Palm 3).
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from Latin palma, PALMER means "palm tree." Before it was a surname, Palmer was an old byname for "a pilgrim," someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually been there.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Collier.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in feathers, from Middle English, Old French plume ‘feather’ (Latin pluma).English and North German : variant of Plum.Catalan (Plumé) : variant of plomer, occupational name for a worker in lead, from a derivative of plom ‘lead’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name for someone from Colmore in Hampshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Colemere, from Old English cÅl ‘cool’ + mere ‘pool’, ‘pond’.Altered spelling of German Kollmer, an Alsatian habitational name for someone from Colmar (formerly written Kolmar), or of Gollmer, a habitational name for someone from any of various places named Golm or Golme.
Boy/Male
English American Latin
Pilgrim; bearing a palm branch.
Boy/Male
English
Charcoal merchant.
Surname or Lastname
English (Kent)
English (Kent) : variant spelling of Colmer.
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese, Latin
Palm Tree
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for someone who was handy with his fists, from Old French poigneor ‘fighter’ (Latin pugnator, from pugnare ‘to fight’, a derivative of pugnus ‘fist’).Welsh : Anglicized form of Welsh ab Ynyr ‘son of Ynyr’, a personal name from Latin Honorius.
Boy/Male
British, English
One who Holds a Palm
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Poyner.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Charcoal Merchant; Coal Seller
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a whitewasher, Middle English limer, lymer, an agent derivative of Old English līm ‘lime’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Peiser.
Surname or Lastname
North German (Plümer) and English
North German (Plümer) and English : variant of Plum, the suffix -er denoting habitation or occupation.Altered form of South German Pflümer, an occupational name for a grower or seller of plums, from an agent derivative of Middle High German pflūme ‘plum’.English : variant of Plummer 1.English and Dutch : occupational name for a dealer in feathers and quills, from an agent derivative of Middle English plume, Middle Dutch pluim ‘feather’, ‘plume’.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English, Latin
Bearing a Palm Branch; Palm-bearer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bulmer.Dutch : probably from the Germanic personal name Baldemar, composed of the elements bald ‘bold’ + mar ‘famous’.
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE
POLYMER BACKBONE