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Polymers that break down by bacterial decomposition
Biodegradable polymers are polymers that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms. Whereas most polymers are designed for longevity, biodegradable
Biodegradable_polymer
Many opportunities exist for the application of synthetic biodegradable polymers in the biomedical area particularly in the fields of tissue engineering
Synthetic biodegradable polymer
Synthetic_biodegradable_polymer
Biodegradable copolymer, chemical compound
polymer makes it ideal for blending with another biodegradable polymer that is strong and rigid for bottle production. The drawback of this polymer is
Polybutylene adipate terephthalate
Polybutylene_adipate_terephthalate
Decomposition by living organisms
room temperature is a solvent that can use biodegradable plastics to make polymer drug coatings. The polymer (meaning a material composed of molecules
Biodegradation
Biodegradable polymer
"Poly(lactic acid): plasticization and properties of biodegradable multiphase systems". Polymer. 42 (14): 6209–6219. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00086-6
Polylactic_acid
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
purpose. Examples include thermoplastics, thermosets, conductive polymers, biodegradable plastics, engineering plastics and elastomers. One important classification
Plastic
Biodegradable polymer
polytetramethylene succinate) is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family. PBS is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester with properties that are
Polybutylene_succinate
Plastics derived from renewable biomass sources
petrochemical sources.[citation needed] This definition distinguishes it from biodegradable plastics, which are plastics that degrade by the natural action of microorganisms
Bioplastic
Engineering field studying polymer materials
Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and modifies polymer materials. Polymer engineering covers aspects of the
Polymer_engineering
end-of-life in the formulation of biodegradable biocomposites. They are primarily composed of three organic polymers, namely lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose
Lignocellulosic filler reinforced polymer
Lignocellulosic_filler_reinforced_polymer
Chemical compound
Polyaspartic acid (PASA) is a biodegradable, water-soluble condensation polymer based on the amino acid aspartic acid. It is a biodegradable replacement for water
Polyaspartic_acid
Bag capable of being decomposed
definition[citation needed]. Plastic bags can be made "oxo-biodegradable" by being manufactured from a normal plastic polymer (i.e. polyethylene) or polypropylene incorporating
Biodegradable_bag
Biodegradable polymer bag made from jute
known as the Golden Bag, Jute Polymer, or Eco-friendly Poly Bag (in Bengali: সোনালী ব্যাগ), is a bag made of a biodegradable bioplastic. It was created in
Sonali_Bag
Synthetic polymer
poly-p-dioxanone is a colorless, crystalline, biodegradable synthetic polymer. Chemically, polydioxanone is a polymer of multiple repeating ether-ester units
Polydioxanone
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
interesting example of such materials is polyaspartate, a water-soluble biodegradable polymer that may have applications in disposable diapers and agriculture
Amino_acid
Packaging that results in improved sustainability
opportunities on barrier performance of biodegradable polymers for sustainable packaging". Progress in Polymer Science. 117 101395. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci
Sustainable_packaging
Synthetic, biodegradable polyester
mixed with starch to lower its cost and increase biodegradability or it can be added as a polymeric plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Polycaprolactone
Polycaprolactone
Polyanhydrides are a class of biodegradable polymers characterized by anhydride bonds that connect repeat units of the polymer backbone chain. Their main
Polyanhydride
Materials that can retain several shapes
field, light or solution. Like polymers in general, SMPs cover a wide range of properties from stable to biodegradable, from soft to hard, and from elastic
Shape-memory_polymer
Degradation process
degrade the polymeric matrix. These plastics contrast biodegradable or compostable plastics, which decompose at the molecular or polymer level. Oxo-degradable
Oxo-degradation
Multinational medical technology manufacturer
groove-filled design that delivers sirolimus using a biodegradable polymer, with a lower drug and polymer load compared to contemporary drug-eluting stents
MicroPort
List of human-made polymers
the environmental issues created by these synthetic polymers which are mostly non-biodegradable and often synthesized from petroleum, alternatives like
List_of_synthetic_polymers
Temporary orthopaedic devices
Biodegradable magnesium implants (also referred to as bioabsorbable magnesium implants, resorbable magnesium implants, or degradable magnesium implants)
Biodegradable magnesium implants
Biodegradable_magnesium_implants
Category of polymers, in which the monomers are joined together by ester links
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain one or two ester linkages in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly
Polyester
Polymer produced by a living organism
Starch is an inexpensive biodegradable biopolymer and copious in supply. Nanofibers and microfibers can be added to the polymer matrix to increase the mechanical
Biopolymer
Medical implant to treat narrowed arteries
research for DES focuses on polymers. The current generation DES includes both durable polymer-coated stents and biodegradable polymer-coated stents. The presence
Drug-eluting_stent
Alteration in the polymer properties under the influence of environmental factors
Polymer degradation is the lowering of a polymer, such as strength, caused by changes in its chemical composition. Polymers and particularly plastics
Polymer_degradation
Phenomenon in chemistry
requiring the use of advanced UV-polymer stabilizers. Conversely, single-use plastics can be treated with biodegradable additives to accelerate their fragmentation
Photo-oxidation_of_polymers
Material scientist and biomaterial engineer
opportunities on barrier performance of biodegradable polymers for sustainable packaging". Progress in Polymer Science, 101395. Meereboer, K., Misra, M
Amar_K._Mohanty
Chemical compound
Acetalated dextran is a biodegradable polymer based on dextran that has acetal modified hydroxyl groups. After synthesis, the hydrophilic polysaccharide
Acetalated_dextran
Substance engineered for biological medical use
delivery. Bionics Hydrogel Polymeric surface Surface modification of biomaterials with proteins Synthetic biodegradable polymer List of biomaterials Oxygen
Biomaterial
Chemical compound
has been studied as it is biodegradable through a variety of mechanisms and also fairly inexpensive compared to other polymers. Its lower molecular weight
Poly(ethylene_adipate)
Proteins found in maize (corn)
Natural Products Insider. Lee, Richard "Multiple-use Corn zein-based Biodegradable Resins, Sheets, and Films are an attractive alternative to plastic Archived
Zein
British polymer chemist
Professor of Sustainable Polymer Chemistry at the University of Birmingham. His research focus is on biodegradable polymers. Dove was born in Scunthorpe
Andrew_Dove
Chemical compound
poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. It can be prepared
Polyglycolide
Natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide
carbonized polymers like PAN, but the end product is almost pure carbon. Silicon carbide fibers, where the basic polymers are not hydrocarbons but polymers, where
Fiber
Extremely small fragments of plastic
that more microplastics might be formed from biodegradable polymer than from non-biodegradable polymer in both seawater and fresh water.[additional citation(s)
Microplastics
Solid material with nano-scale structure
mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of these nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at
Nanocomposite
Cleaning method using gas
fabrication of biodegradable polymer membranes with submicron thickness: A SACRIFICIAL PROCESS FOR FABRICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MEMBRANES". Journal
Plasma_cleaning
Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer
and has broad applications in consumer products. This super-absorbent polymer (SAP) has the ability to absorb 100 to 1000 times its mass in water. Sodium
Sodium_polyacrylate
Phenomenon observed in drink mixing
of dispersions such as pseudolatexes, silicone emulsions, and biodegradable polymeric nanocapsules, have been synthesized using the ouzo effect, though
Ouzo_effect
Chemistry subdiscipline
improving impact resistance, improving biodegradability, and altering a material's solubility. As polymers get longer and their molecular weight increases
Polymer_chemistry
Sheath for the blade of a sword or dagger
Hakim, A. A. Abdel; et al. (19 August 2022). "Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications". npj Materials Degradation. 6 (1)
Scabbard
Fillers for cosmetic skin smoothing
mechanisms. Polylactic Acid Polylactic acid (PLA) is a synthetic biodegradable polymer widely used as a dermal filler for soft tissue augmentation, classified
Injectable_filler
Chemical compound
This polymer, abbreviated POC and also sometimes called poly(octamethylene-citrate), is promising as a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, and has
1,8-Octanediol
Chemical compound
in Starch, Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Polymer Blends, Nanocomposites and Their Biodegradability". Carbohydrate Polymers. 85: 7–16. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011
Polyvinyl_alcohol
Enclosure and protection of food
packaging being used is usually non-biodegradable due to possible interactions with the food. Also, biodegradable polymers often require special composting
Food_packaging
Chemical compound
(7): 613–618. doi:10.1002/recl.19490680705. Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers. Advances in Polymer Science. Vol. 245. 2012. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27154-0
Glycolide
Chemical compound
polymer. It is biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatible plastic produced naturally by bacteria and a good alternative for many non-biodegradable synthetic
PHBV
Chemical compound
soluble in organic solvents. The compound has found applications in biodegradable polymers. Alkylation with geminal dihalides gives 1,3-dithiepanes. Oxidation
1,4-Butanedithiol
Early synthetic polymer developed as a textile fiber
Nylon is a family of synthetic polymers characterized by amide linkages, typically connecting aliphatic or semi-aromatic groups. Nylons are generally brownish
Nylon
Polymer formed from a chemical reaction with no by-products
finished polymer. Addition polymers are generally chemically inert, involving strong C-C bonds. For this reason they are non-biodegradable and difficult
Addition_polymer
Amino acid
aspartic acid market growth is biodegradable superabsorbent polymers (SAP), and hydrogels. Around 75% of superabsorbent polymers are used in disposable diapers
Aspartic_acid
Carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH2(COOH)2
starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts. Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the
Malonic_acid
Polymer resin widely used in packaging
Polystyrene (PS) /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ is a synthetic polymer made from monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General-purpose
Polystyrene
Natural or synthetic fibers with diameters in the nanometer range
PLLA is another popular synthetic polymer. PLLA is well known for its superior mechanical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility. It shows efficient
Nanofiber
Fibre secreted by some molluscs
Allen, Mark (May 2004). "Prospective randomized study evaluating a biodegradable polymeric sealant for sealing intraoperative air leaks that occur during
Byssus
American scientist and academic
defects could more easily grow missing tissue. Such polymers can be biocompatible and biodegradable. Langer is involved in several projects related to
Robert_S._Langer
Textiles for medical and healthcare use
M. (December 1979). "Biodegradable polymers for use in surgery—polyglycolic/poly(actic acid) homo- and copolymers: 1". Polymer. 20 (12): 1459–1464. doi:10
Medical_textiles
humor, optic nerve, and retina. Inserts made with non-biodegradable materials such as polymers require a surgical removal of the implant after the end
Intravitreal_implants
Most common thermoplastic polymer
polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most commonly produced plastic. It is a polymer, primarily used for packaging (plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes
Polyethylene
Polymer produced via a condensation reaction
[O-X-O2C-Y-C(O)]n + (2n-1) H2O Condensation polymers tend to be more biodegradable than addition polymers. The peptide or ester bonds between monomers
Condensation_polymer
Highly ordered, branched polymeric molecule
functional biodegradable polymer films for substrate mediated gene delivery. Research has shown that the fast-degrading functional polymer has great potential
Dendrimer
Medical intervention
adverse events. Some DES products market a biodegradable polymer coating with the belief that the permanent polymer coatings of DES contribute to long-term
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Percutaneous_coronary_intervention
Type of vegetable fibre
ISBN 0-13-025443-6 A. K. Mohanty; M. Misra; G. Hinrichsen. (2000). "Biofibers, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites: An overview". Macromol. Mater. Eng. 276–277 (1):
Ramie
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
PMID 30231877. Li Y, Maciel D, Rodrigues J, Shi X, Tomás H (August 2015). "Biodegradable Polymer Nanogels for Drug/Nucleic Acid Delivery". Chem Rev. 115 (16): 8564–8608
Glutathione
Polyester family
"Polyhydroxyalkanoate", in Domb, Abraham J.; Kumar, Neeraj; Ezra, Aviva (eds.), Biodegradable Polymers in Clinical Use and Clinical Development, John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Type of shopping bag
from degradable polyethylene film or from polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from lactic acid. However, most degradable bags do not readily
Plastic_shopping_bag
Possible alternative polymerization process
materials science, and environmental engineering. For example, biodegradable polymers produced using this method are useful for medical applications such
Enzymatic_polymerization
Fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose
Mohanty, A. K.; Misra, M.; Hinrichsen, G. (2000). "Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites: An overview". Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
Cellulose_fiber
polyorthoesters (polyorthoesters type I - IV) are well characterized as biodegradable polymers for drug implants, primarily through work of Jorge Heller (1927–2009)
Polyorthoester
Fibers obtained from natural sources
Mohanty, A; Misra, M; Henrichsen, G (March 2000). "Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites:An overview". Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
Natural_fiber
Type of polymerization reaction mechanism
terminal alkyne and terminal azide, the resulting clicked peptide polymer will be biodegradable due to action of endopeptidases on the oligopeptide unit. A
Step-growth_polymerization
Copolymer of varying ratios of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid
PLGA, PLG, or poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (CAS: 26780-50-7 ) is a biodegradable, biocompatible copolymer of lactic and glycolic acid used widely in
PLGA
2026-04-17. Aoyagi, Seiji; Izumi, Hayato; Fukuda, Mitsuo (2008-05-02). "Biodegradable polymer needle with various tip angles and consideration on insertion mechanism
Mosquito proboscis inspired needles
Mosquito_proboscis_inspired_needles
Branches of science that involve the scientific study of life
and Rustgi, R., "Biodegradable Polymers", Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 23, p. 1273 (1998) Kumar, A., et al., "Smart Polymers: Physical Forms & Bioengineering
List_of_life_sciences
Indian packaging scientist
conventional synthetic scavengers. Plant-based biodegradable plastic: His group developed a plant-based biodegradable polymer for packaging applications that was
Kirtiraj_Gaikwad
Medical instruments
cause allergic effects in some patients and it creates non-biodegradable wastes. Polymer is also regarded as a promising material for MNs due to its
Microneedles
Disposable bag used to contain solid waste material
polyethylene) or HDPE (high-density polyethylene) are sometimes used. Oxo-biodegradable plastic bags have the same strength as ordinary plastic and cost slightly
Bin_bag
Pasted mask for facial cosmetic treatment
address signs of aging. Recent advancements include the use of biodegradable polymers, nanomaterials, and biomimetic technologies that can improve the
Facial_mask
Technologies for targeted drug delivery
of biodegradable polymers undergo hydrolysis in the body, producing biocompatible small molecules such as lactic acid and glycolic acid. Polymeric nanoparticles
Nanoparticle_drug_delivery
Medical application of nanotechnology
mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of these nanoparticles to the polymer matrix at
Nanomedicine
Pineapple-based vegetable leather
Piñatex (Spanish pronunciation: [piɲaˈteks]) is the trade name for a non-biodegradable leather alternative made from cellulose fibres extracted from pineapple
Piñatex
Research Centre, Rochester, Minnesota, United States have developed biodegradable polymer grafts that, when surgically placed in damaged vertebrae, intended
Polymer_sponge
Economic activity focused on biotechnology
better oxygen barriers than synthetic, chemical-based films. Another biodegradable polymer, polysaccharides, found in cellulose, chitosan, and starch, can
Bioeconomy
American-Israeli designer and academic
buildings that can tan in the sun to create shade, and structural biodegradable polymers. She has published collaborations in biology, medicine, wearables
Neri_Oxman
Soft water-rich polymer gel
(December 2009). "Three-dimensional porous biodegradable polymeric scaffolds fabricated with biodegradable hydrogel porogens". Tissue Engineering. Part
Hydrogel
Bangladeshi scientist
jute with polymer. He invented an advanced wound dressing material from cow bone, biodegradable PPE from jute with chitosan, biodegradable sanitary napkin
Mubarak_Ahmad_Khan
mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of these nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at
Polymer_nanocomposite
Thickening agent
Genetically modified starch is of interest in the manufacture of biodegradable polymers and noncellulose feedstock in the paper industry, as well as the
Modified_starch
American Inorganic Chemist
organometallic polymerization catalysis focuses on the development of new metal catalysts for the more efficient polymerization of lactones into biodegradable polymers
William_B._Tolman
Stabilizer added to polymeric materials
Polymer stabilizers (British English: polymer stabilisers) are chemical additives which may be added to polymeric materials to inhibit or retard their
Polymer_stabilizer
Any polymer with repeating carboxylate side chains
construction. Polycarboxylates are poorly biodegradable but have a low ecotoxicity. In the sewage treatment plant, the polymer remains largely in the sludge and
Polycarboxylates
Type of electric circuits
Biodegradable electronics are electronic circuits and devices with a limited lifetime owing to their tendency to biodegrade. Such devices are proposed
Biodegradable_electronics
Plastics often used for making mechanical parts
instead of fossil fuels. This will make highly biodegradable polymers (also known as bioengineering polymers, biopolymers, or bioplastics) such as polyhydroxyalkanoates
Engineering_plastic
Class of organic compounds
delivery platform with a broad therapeutic window utilizing biodegradable polypeptide-based polymer conjugates". Journal of Controlled Release. 183: 124–37
Amino_acid_N-carboxyanhydride
Serving Materials—Trends and Biodegradability". Polymers. 13 (20): 3606. doi:10.3390/polym13203606. PMC 8537343. "Biodegradable Products Institute - Certified
Disposable_food_packaging
Polymer
polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are of interest as bio-derived and biodegradable plastics. The poly-3-hydroxybutyrate
Polyhydroxybutyrate
Device surgically placed within the body for medical purposes
utilise biodegradable polymers—such as PLA, PGA, and PLGA for the controlled release of medications through the use of mechanisms like diffusion, polymer degradation
Implant
Chemical compound
improve the mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites. In a study, WS2 nanotubes reinforced biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites of polypropylene
Tungsten_disulfide
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