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Protein produced by the endocrine pancreas
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas. It is a hormone and it regulates pancreatic secretion activities
Pancreatic_polypeptide
Pancreatic islet cell
Pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP cells), or formerly as gamma cells (γ-cells), or F cells, are cells in the pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) of
Pancreatic_polypeptide_cells
Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
Secretin Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Peptide YY (PYY) Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) Pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides Enkephalin
Peptide
Regions of the pancreas
insulin and amylin (≈70%) PP cells (gamma cells or F cells) producing pancreatic polypeptide (<5%) Delta cells producing somatostatin (<10%) Epsilon cells producing
Pancreatic_islets
Organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates
somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive system, it functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum
Pancreas
Tumors of the nervous or endocrine system within the pancreas
there is no secretion, or the quantity or type of products, such as pancreatic polypeptide (PPoma), chromogranin A, and neurotensin, do not cause a clinical
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide
Peptide hormone that plays a role in glycemic regulation
Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in the ratio of
Amylin
Peptide released from cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding
YY3-36 (PYY) is a linear polypeptide consisting of 34 amino acids with structural homology to NPY and pancreatic polypeptide. The PP-fold motif is found
Peptide_YY
Receptor Target Tissue Effect 11 Amylin (or Islet Amyloid Polypeptide) IAPP Peptide pancreas pancreatic β-cells amylin receptor Slows down gastric emptying
List_of_human_hormones
Hormone whose molecules are peptides
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Gastrin Ghrelin Glucagon Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Growth hormone Follicle-stimulating
Peptide_hormone
Type of stem cell
which secrete somatostatin and the PP-cells which secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Pancreatic progenitor cells have been shown to arise from cells originating
Pancreatic_progenitor_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
an antipsychotic medication Pancreatic polypeptide, a polypeptide secreted by PP cells PP cell or pancreatic polypeptide cell pro parte, abbreviated p
PP
Hormone-producing glands of a body
and pancreatic polypeptide. During the early stages of fetal development, the number of pancreatic alpha cells outnumbers the number of pancreatic beta
Endocrine_system
Tumors of the endocrine and nervous systems
either don't secrete, or the quantity or type of products such as pancreatic polypeptide (PPoma), chromogranin A, and neurotensin do not cause a clinical
Neuroendocrine_tumor
Hormone that affects blood pressure / heart rate
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is
Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide
Hormones and neuropeptides
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Endorphins
Thyroid hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Thyroxine
Peptide hormone that stimulates growth
receptors on certain types of cells. GH is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored and secreted by somatotropic cells within
Growth_hormone
Protein family
sphincter. Other functions of motilin include increasing the release of pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin. Erythromycin, Mitemcinal and related antibiotics
Motilin
Hormone involved in stomach, pancreas and liver secretions
from the pancreas (e.g., pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase) to function optimally. Secretin targets the pancreas; pancreatic centroacinar cells have
Secretin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
also known as Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 (PPYR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY4R gene. Pancreatic polypeptide Neuropeptide
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 4
Neuropeptide_Y_receptor_type_4
Medical condition
known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases, involving the endocrine and exocrine (digestive) functions of
Type_3c_diabetes
Hormone of the gastrointestinal system
first segment of the small intestine. Its presence causes the release of pancreatic juice from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. Evidence that the
Cholecystokinin
Biological signalling molecule
PMC 1514629. PMID 16992252. Bayliss WM, Starling EH (1968). "The Mechanism of Pancreatic Secretion". In Leicester HM (ed.). Source Book in Chemistry, 1900–1950
Hormone
Peptide hormone
belongs to the secretin family of hormones. Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide. Its primary structure in humans is: NH2-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr
Glucagon
Essential nutrient
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Vitamin_D
Peptide hormone and neuropeptide
sequence, the first polypeptide hormone to be sequenced. In 1953, du Vigneaud carried out the synthesis of oxytocin, the first polypeptide hormone to be synthesized
Oxytocin
Gonadotropin that regulates the development of reproductive processes
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of
Follicle-stimulating_hormone
Active form of vitamin D
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Calcitriol
Corticosteroid precursor and metabolite of cortisol
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Cortisone
Pituitary hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Adrenocorticotropic_hormone
Glycoprotein polypeptide hormones
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Gonadotropin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and chromosomal localization of the human pancreatic islet glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor". Diabetes. 44 (10): 1202–1208. doi:10
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide_receptor
Shortest peptide molecule, containing two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond
synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides. Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase. Dietary proteins
Dipeptide
Protein family and hormone
an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Discovered in non-human animals around 1930 by Oscar Riddle
Prolactin
Peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system
the digestive system, namely the pyloric antrum, the duodenum and the pancreatic islets. Somatostatin released in the pyloric antrum travels via the portal
Somatostatin
Family of glycoprotein hormones in vertebrata
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Thyroid-stimulating_hormone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hormone subunit beta also known as lutropin subunit beta or LHβ is a polypeptide that in association with an alpha subunit common to all gonadotropin
Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide
Luteinizing_hormone_beta_polypeptide
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Growth hormone–releasing hormone
Growth_hormone–releasing_hormone
Amino acid
effectiveness of pseudoproline derivatives of individual, single residues in polypeptide synthesis. According to literature, the conversion of Ser(ΨPro) was excellent
Pseudoproline
Class of enzymes
and also to secrete digestive / exocrinic pancreatic juice, which is secreted eventually via the pancreatic duct into the duodenum. Digestive or exocrine
Digestive_enzyme
Primary female sex hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Estrogen
Hormone
of the hypothalamus. It is translated as a 242-amino acid precursor polypeptide that contains 6 copies of the sequence -Gln-His-Pro-Gly-, with both ends
Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGA gene. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the gonadotropin
Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide
Glycoprotein_hormones,_alpha_polypeptide
Cardiac hormone which increases renal sodium excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac
Atrial_natriuretic_peptide
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
antrum of the stomach. It is secreted into the bloodstream. The encoded polypeptide is preprogastrin, which is cleaved by enzymes in posttranslational modification
Gastrin
Peptide hormone
Latin insula 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene. It is the main anabolic
Insulin
Mammalian protein found in humans
Produced primarily by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands, PTH is a polypeptide prohormone (precursor to a hormone) consisting of 84 amino acids and
Parathyroid_hormone
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
precursor polypeptide with 241 amino acid residues. POMC is synthesized in corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary from the 267-amino-acid-long polypeptide precursor
Proopiomelanocortin
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Cortisol
Gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Luteinizing_hormone
Peptide hormone in mammals
adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-lipotropin (β-LPH). β-Lipotropin is a 90-amino acid polypeptide that is the carboxy-terminal fragment of POMC. It was initially reported
Lipotropin
Primary male sex hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Testosterone
Chemical substance that enables neurotransmission
Neuropeptide Y Neuropeptide Y NY Neuropeptide Y receptors – Neuropeptide Y Pancreatic polypeptide PP – – Neuropeptide Y Peptide YY PYY – – Opioids Enkephalins δ-Opioid
Neurotransmitter
Thyroid hormone medication
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Levothyroxine
Mammalian hormone released from the pituitary gland
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Vasopressin
Peptide used as medication
Peptide therapeutics are peptides or polypeptides (oligomers or short polymers of amino acids) which are used for the treatment of diseases. Naturally
Peptide_therapeutics
Peptide hormone involved in appetite regulation
found mainly in the stomach and duodenum, but also in the jejunum, lungs, pancreatic islets, gonads, adrenal cortex, placenta, and kidney. It has also been
Ghrelin
Mammalian protein found in humans
involving NGF have been identified, two of them being the survival of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system. NGF is initially in
Nerve_growth_factor
Species of fly
N. R. (1981-09-01). "Isolation and partial characterization of pancreatic polypeptide-like material in the brain of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria"
Calliphora_vomitoria
Hormone and medication
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Adrenaline
Hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Human_chorionic_gonadotropin
Hormone released by the pineal gland
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Melatonin
Protein that is a precursor of glucagon
cleaved into the following: Signal peptide (1-20) Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP, 21-50) Glucagon (53–81) Signal peptide (1-20) Glicentin (21–89)
Proglucagon
Hormone secreted in the heart
natriuretic peptide" while retaining the same acronym. The 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP-32 is secreted attached to a 76–amino acid N-terminal fragment in
Brain_natriuretic_peptide_32
Aspartic protease protein and enzyme
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Renin
Cell that produces gastrointestinal hormones
opposite effect. Other hormones produced include somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, amylin and ghrelin. Rare and slow growing carcinoid and non-carcinoid
Enteroendocrine_cell
Protein that stimulates cell division and differentiation
EGF has been found to be stimulated by testosterone.[citation needed] Polypeptide growth factors include: EGF acts by binding with high affinity to epidermal
Epidermal_growth_factor
Factor that stimulates the growth of bone tissue
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are proteins that are made of acidic polypeptides and belongs to the TGF-B family. BMPs promote the regeneration of bone
Bone_growth_factor
Group of physiologically active lipid compounds
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Prostaglandin
Sex hormone
Progesterone plays an important role in the signaling of insulin release and pancreatic function, and it may affect the susceptibility to diabetes or gestational
Progesterone
Peptide hormone secreted by the thyroid
other gastrointestinal disorders, and pulmonary disease. Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone of 32 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 3454.93 daltons
Calcitonin
Bird digestive organ
break the particles down. Hormones such as gastrin, bombesin, avian pancreatic polypeptide, and cholecystokinin affect the amount and concentration of the
Proventriculus
Protein family
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Relaxin family peptide hormones
Relaxin_family_peptide_hormones
somatostatin secretion Epsilon cell ghrelin secretion PP cell (gamma cell) pancreatic polypeptide secretion Salivary gland mucous cell Exocrine secretory epithelial
List_of_human_cell_types
Substance with biological function
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Steroid_hormone
Protein that stimulates red blood cell production
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Erythropoietin
suggesting that it may be secreted from skin. It was also discovered that MIN6 pancreatic β-cells and human primary islets containing β-cells secrete asprosin and
Asprosin
Hormones produced by the thyroid gland
hydrolysis on the delta13C values of individual amino acids derived from polypeptides and proteins". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 17 (20): 2283–2289
Thyroid_hormones
Medical diagnostic method
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Plasma_renin_activity
Protein found in humans
IGF1 and its binding protein, thereby normalising IGF1 function. The polypeptide hormone IGF1 is synthesized primarily in the liver upon stimulation by
Insulin-like_growth_factor_1
Steroid hormone that activates the progesterone receptor
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Progestogen
Mineralocorticoid steroid hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Aldosterone
Protein hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Relaxin
Polypeptide placental hormone in humans
chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) or human chorionic somatotropin, is a polypeptide placental hormone, the human form of placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin)
Human_placental_lactogen
Medical condition
common in patients < 40 years of age. Most islet cell tumors secrete pancreatic polypeptide, the clinical significance of which is unknown. Gastrin is secreted
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1
Collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Thyroid_function_tests
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Thymosin_α1
Class of hormones
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Tropic_hormone
Catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Norepinephrine
Regulators of feedback on FSH-production
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Activin_and_inhibin
Family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone
Protein found in humans
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor
Chemical compound
the basal secretion of pancreatic-polypeptide and gastric acid. Depression by cholinergic blockade of pancreatic-polypeptide concentrations in plasma"
Benzilone
Physiological structure of birds' bodies
insulin/glucagon (I/G) molar ratio. F-cells (PP-cells): Produce pancreatic polypeptide (PP), circulating at 20–40 times higher levels than in mammals,
Bird_anatomy
Mammalian protein, acts as a multifunctional hormone
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Resistin
Chemical compound
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Triiodothyronine
Chemical compound
(TKPK). The peptide Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg (TRPR) is a biologically active pancreatic polypeptide 32–35 with gastrointestinal functions. Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg, Thr-Lys-Pro-Lys
Tuftsin
Chemical compound
Estrogen Progesterone Pancreas Glucagon Insulin Amylin Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Pineal gland Melatonin Dimethyltryptamine 5-MeO-DMT Other Thymus
Estradiol
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