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Mineralocorticoid steroid hormone
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential
Aldosterone
Drug class
receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme
Aldosterone_synthase
Excess production of aldosterone in the adrenal gland
primary hyperaldosteronism, is the excess production of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands, resulting in low renin levels and high blood
Primary_aldosteronism
Endocrine disorder of a lack of the hormone aldosterone
decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone. Similarly, isolated hypoaldosteronism is the condition of having lowered aldosterone without corresponding changes
Hypoaldosteronism
Hormone system
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure / fluid / electrolyte
Renin–angiotensin_system
Class of steroid hormones
corticosterone (C 21H 30O 4), cortisone (C 21H 28O 5) and aldosterone (C 21H 28O 5) (cortisone and aldosterone are isomers). The main corticosteroids produced by
Corticosteroid
Physiologic phenomenon
In physiology, aldosterone escape refers to the spontaneous and compensatory diuresis that occurs in primary aldosteronism to rebalance fluid homeostasis
Aldosterone_escape
Excess aldosterone in the body
Hyperaldosteronism is a medical condition wherein too much aldosterone is produced. High aldosterone levels can lead to lowered levels of potassium in the
Hyperaldosteronism
Endocrine disorder
characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex)
Addison's_disease
Endocrine gland
produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer
Adrenal_gland
Medical test to assess adrenal gland function
(DHEA-S), and aldosterone. During the test, a small amount of synthetic ACTH is injected, and the amount of cortisol (and sometimes aldosterone) that the
ACTH_stimulation_test
Blood concentration
Aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is the mass concentration of aldosterone divided by the plasma renin activity or by serum renin concentration in blood
Aldosterone-to-renin_ratio
Chemical compound
Eplerenone, sold under brand name Inspra among others, is an aldosterone antagonist used primarily in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection
Eplerenone
(mMRs) or membrane aldosterone receptors are a group of receptors which bind and are activated by mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Unlike the classical
Membrane mineralocorticoid receptor
Membrane_mineralocorticoid_receptor
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
the synthesis of cortisol and other glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid aldosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. Normal values indicated in the following
Cortisol
Diuretics that do not cause potassium loss
The steroidal aldosterone antagonists can also be used for treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Spironolactone, a steroidal aldosterone antagonist,
Potassium-sparing_diuretic
Insufficient production of steroid hormones by the adrenal glands
glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone), and androgens. These hormones are important in regulating blood pressure
Adrenal_insufficiency
Group of corticosteroids
(electrolyte balance and fluid balance). The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone. The name mineralocorticoid derives from early observations that these
Mineralocorticoid
Chemical compound
that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone. It is an active (Na+-retaining) mineralocorticoid. As its names indicate
11-Deoxycorticosterone
brainstem which are uniquely sensitive to the mineralocorticosteroid hormone aldosterone, through expression of HSD11B2. They are located within the caudal medulla
HSD2_neuron
Hormonal disorder in cats
concentrations of the hormone aldosterone, which is secreted by the adrenal gland. The high concentrations of aldosterone may be due directly to a disorder
Feline_hyperaldosteronism
Medication used to treat hypertension and heart failure
harm the baby. Lisinopril works by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Lisinopril was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use
Lisinopril
Medical condition
both aldosterone and renin levels are low. This disorder presents similarly to hyperaldosteronism, leading to feedback inhibition of aldosterone. Common
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
Apparent_mineralocorticoid_excess_syndrome
Class of medications used primarily to treat high blood pressure
patients. Suppression of angiotensin II leads to a decrease in aldosterone levels. Since aldosterone is responsible for increasing the excretion of potassium
ACE_inhibitor
Cortex of the adrenal gland
production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
Adrenal_cortex
Part of the adrenal gland
mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of the renin–angiotensin system. Although sustained production of aldosterone requires persistent
Zona_glomerulosa
Academic journal
Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Journal_of_the_Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone_System
Chemical compound
used for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure). It is an aldosterone synthase inhibitor. It is taken by mouth. Baxdrostat was approved for
Baxdrostat
Class of drugs used to treat high blood pressure
has been approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of hypertension. Aldosterone receptor antagonists, also known as mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Antihypertensive
Nuclear receptor that mediates the effects of the mineralocorticoid hormone Aldosterone
The mineralocorticoid receptor (or MR, MLR, MCR), also known as the aldosterone receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 (NR3C2) is
Mineralocorticoid_receptor
Blood pressure medication
angiotensin II; angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. Aldosterone serves to retain sodium from the distal renal tubule. Sodium
Losartan
Medical condition
metabolic alkalosis, low blood potassium, and normal to low levels of aldosterone. Liddle syndrome involves abnormal kidney function, with excess reabsorption
Liddle's_syndrome
Excess potassium in the blood
aldosterone. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or celecoxib inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, leading to reduced production of renin and aldosterone
Hyperkalemia
Chemical compound
Lorundrostat (developmental name MLS 101) is an aldosterone synthase inhibitor developed by Mineralys Therapeutics for high blood pressure. In clinical
Lorundrostat
Medical diagnostic method
tumors. A PRA measurement may be compared to a plasma aldosterone concentration as an aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). Measurement is done from a sample
Plasma_renin_activity
Organ of the urinary system
coordinate these endocrine functions; these include renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide, among others.
Kidney
Pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of arteries
Angiotensin II then signals to the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone stimulates sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys
Blood_pressure
Medical test for aldosterone levels
measures plasma levels of aldosterone. Aldosterone production is suppressed by captopril through the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. CST results are
Captopril_suppression_test
Medical condition
aldosteronism also describable as aldosterone synthase hyperactivity, is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
Glucocorticoid_remediable_aldosteronism
Medical condition
Cushing's syndrome, and are caused by overproduction of corticosteroids, aldosterone, and androgenic steroids. Symptoms related to hypoadrenalism, such as
Adrenalism
Genetic disorder in which the adrenal glands produce excess aldosterone
located on top of each kidney, produce too much of the hormone aldosterone. Excess aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain more sodium than normal, which
Familial_hyperaldosteronism
Genetic disorders of the adrenal gland
may overlap. In 75% of cases of severe enzyme deficiency, insufficient aldosterone production can lead to salt wasting, failure to thrive, and potentially
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia
Kidney system
through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). There are several components
Collecting_duct_system
Substance that promotes the production of urine
effect at similar locations: Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, which is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone. Aldosterone normally adds sodium channels
Diuretic
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
layer of the adrenal cortex. This causes the release of aldosterone into the blood. Aldosterone acts primarily on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting
Homeostasis
Medical condition
pseudoaldosteronism) is a medical condition which mimics the effects of elevated aldosterone (hyperaldosteronism) by presenting with high blood pressure, low blood
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen
concept in treatment, and aldosterone is one of the hormones that increase salt retention, a medication that counteracts aldosterone should be sought. Spironolactone
Ascites
Hormone-producing glands of a body
– LH/FSH – sex hormones CRH – ACTH – cortisol Renin – angiotensin – aldosterone Leptin vs. ghrelin Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system
Endocrine_system
Mammalian protein
kisspeptin plays an important role in reproduction, but also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex. Kisspeptin is distributed from the
Kisspeptin
Group of peptide hormones in mammals
regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys. An
Angiotensin
Steroidal antiandrogen and antimineralocorticoid
Spironolactone is a steroid that blocks the effects of the hormones aldosterone, and to a lesser degree, testosterone, causing some estrogen-like effects
Spironolactone
Chemical compound
sampling. In aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma (APA), which is the main cause of primary aldosteronism, the enzyme aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)
18-Oxocortisol
Medical condition
(PHA1) is characterized by the body's inability to respond adequately to aldosterone, a hormone crucial for regulating electrolyte levels. This condition
Pseudohypoaldosteronism
Compound inhibiting the activity of renin
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system-interfering drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and aldosterone receptor
Renin_inhibitor
Group of voltage-gated ion channels permeable to Ca2+
adrenal, as well as in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), and in the latter T-type VGCCs correlated with plasma aldosterone levels of patients. Excessive
Voltage-gated_calcium_channel
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
The association between SARS-CoV-2 and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
COVID-19
Aspect of homeostasis concerning control of the amount of water in an organism
loss is maintained. The anti-diuretic hormones vasopressin (ADH) and aldosterone play a major role in this. If the body is becoming fluid-deficient, there
Fluid_balance
Mineralocorticoid medication
salt-wasting syndrome. It is used primarily to replace the missing hormone aldosterone in various forms of adrenal insufficiency such as Addison's disease and
Fludrocortisone
Study of the physiology of the kidney
basolateral membrane Some key regulatory hormones for re-absorption include: aldosterone, which stimulates active sodium re-absorption (and water as a result)
Renal_physiology
Combination medication
responsible for aldosterone secretion. In the absence of AT1 blockade, angiotensin causes both direct vasoconstriction and adrenal aldosterone secretion, the
Sacubitril/valsartan
Aspartic protease protein and enzyme
secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood
Renin
Metabolic acid-base disorder
Causes include: Aldosterone deficiency (hypoaldosteronism): Primary vs. hyporeninemic (including diabetic nephropathy) Aldosterone resistance Drugs:
Renal_tubular_acidosis
Physiological processes of hypertension
the aorta or kidney arteries, or endocrine disorders such as excess aldosterone, cortisol, or catecholamines. Persistent hypertension is a major risk
Pathophysiology of hypertension
Pathophysiology_of_hypertension
English physicist and endocrinologist (1925–2014)
collaboration." Together, they discovered and identified the hormone aldosterone. Tait was born in Stockton on Tees in 1925, the son of Herbert and Constance
James_Francis_Tait
CHF; particularly the underuse of ACE inhibitors and β-blockers and aldosterone antagonists which have been shown to provide mortality benefit. Treatment
Management_of_heart_failure
Increase in blood pH resulting from fluid loss
increased, production of angiotensin II is increased, and secretion of aldosterone is increased. Increases in angiotensin II cause increased Na+–H+ exchange
Contraction_alkalosis
Pharmaceutical drug
known as aldadiene kalium, the potassium salt of canrenoic acid, is an aldosterone antagonist of the spirolactone group. Like spironolactone, it is a prodrug
Potassium_canrenoate
Photochemical reaction
by the fragmentation of isopulegol nitrite. In rigid systems such as aldosterone, the 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer is exceedingly fast, with a rate constant
Barton_nitrite_ester_reaction
Pharmaceutical clinical trial
landmark clinical study that assessed the impact of spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart
RALES_(trial)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
domain-containing ion transport regulator 4 is a regulatory protein for aldosterone receptors which in humans is encoded by the FXYD4 gene. Chromosome 10
FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 4
FXYD_domain-containing_ion_transport_regulator_4
Excess urination
diabetes mellitus, the most common causes are the decreased secretion of aldosterone due to adrenal cortical tumor, primary polydipsia (excessive fluid drinking)
Polyuria
Microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney
include (along with the substance affected) antidiuretic hormone (water), aldosterone (sodium, potassium), parathyroid hormone (calcium, phosphate), atrial
Nephron
Craving for potable fluids experienced by animals
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Thirst
Medical diagnostic method
renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). They have been developed to support screening for primary or secondary aldosteronism. The steroid hormone aldosterone stimulates
SUSPUP_and_SUSPPUP
Drugs that disrupt movement of calcium across calcium channels
human adrenal gland, and CCBs can directly influence the biosynthesis of aldosterone in adrenocortical cells, with consequent impact on the clinical treatment
Calcium_channel_blocker
Class of chemical compounds
consist of glucocorticoids like cortisol and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, adrenal androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S)
Adrenal_steroid
Species of fungus
tetracyclic triterpenoids from W. extensa are aldosterone antagonists that can bind to renal cytoplasmic aldosterone receptors. This action enhances the urinary
Wolfiporia_extensa
Human enzyme that hydroxylates steroids
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the adrenal gland hormones aldosterone and cortisol, which are important in blood pressure regulation, sodium
21-Hydroxylase
Medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure
safe. It is an ACE inhibitor and works by decreasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Benazepril was patented in 1981 and came into medical
Benazepril
Medical emergency due to insufficient steroid production
must begin immediately. To diagnose an adrenal crisis, serum cortisol, aldosterone, ACTH, renin, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate are measured. A low
Adrenal_crisis
Hormone used in regulating the cardiovascular system
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure. Studies have shown that ANP can suppress renin secretion and aldosterone production
Natriuretic_peptide
Term for several kidney diseases
nephrotic syndrome. This is worsened by the secretion of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which is secreted in response to the decrease in
Glomerulonephritis
Insufficient potassium in the blood
of volume depletion, such as vomiting, so potassium is also lost via aldosterone-mediated mechanisms. 3) During metabolic alkalosis, the acute rise of
Hypokalemia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH Adrenal axis Adrenal cortex Aldosterone Cortisol Cortisone DHEA DHEA-S Androstenedione Adrenal medulla Adrenaline
Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide
Luteinizing_hormone_beta_polypeptide
Medication drug
mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, and hence is an antimineralocorticoid. It has about 100 to 500% of the affinity of aldosterone for the MR and about
Drospirenone
Class of enzymes
its molecular similarity to aldosterone it also binds the mineralcorticoid receptor at higher concentrations. Both aldosterone and cortisol have a similar
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
11β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Abnormally high tissue pH due to metabolic dysfunction
Decreased extracellular volume triggers the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and aldosterone subsequently stimulates reabsorption of sodium (and thus
Metabolic_alkalosis
Chemical compound
role in the biosynthesis of aldosterone and 18-oxocortisol. Cortisol 18-Hydroxycorticosterone 18-Oxocortisol Aldosterone synthase Steroid 11β-hydroxylase
18-Hydroxycortisol
Pharmaceutical compound
2-Methoxyestradiol 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen) Aldosterone Atrazine Bisphenol A Daidzein DDT (p,p'-DDT, o',p'-DDE) Diarylpropionitrile
OSU-ERβ-12
Reabsorption of filtered sodium ions within the kidneys
sodium ion channels (minor). It is stimulated by angiotensin II and aldosterone, and inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide. It is very efficient, since
Renal_sodium_reabsorption
Peptide liver angiotensin receptor → IP3 vasoconstriction release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex dipsogen. 16 Antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin
List_of_human_hormones
Widening of blood vessels
when discussing neural control of vasodilation is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, or RAAS. The kidneys retain water by reabsorbing sodium ions
Vasodilation
Gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis
POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH Adrenal axis Adrenal cortex Aldosterone Cortisol Cortisone DHEA DHEA-S Androstenedione Adrenal medulla Adrenaline
Luteinizing_hormone
Peptide hormone that stimulates growth
periods. ... There was a significant increase in urinary excretion of aldosterone during both periods of administration of growth hormone. This was most
Growth_hormone
Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH Adrenal axis Adrenal cortex Aldosterone Cortisol Cortisone DHEA DHEA-S Androstenedione Adrenal medulla Adrenaline
Peptide
Experimental drug
vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. This approach targets the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system at its most upstream point, potentially offering more comprehensive
Zilebesiran
Narrowing of the renal (kidney) arteries
through a cascade of events involving activation of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) may result in renovascular hypertension – a secondary type
Renal_artery_stenosis
Protein that is a precursor of glucagon
POMC CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin GH Adrenal axis Adrenal cortex Aldosterone Cortisol Cortisone DHEA DHEA-S Androstenedione Adrenal medulla Adrenaline
Proglucagon
Medication to treat high blood pressure and alopecia
renin-angiotensin axis further prompts increased biosynthesis of aldosterone; whereas plasma and urinary aldosterone levels are increased early in the course of treatment
Minoxidil
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