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Condition of genetic hypermutability
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the condition of genetic hypermutability (predisposition to mutation) that results from impaired DNA mismatch repair
Microsatellite_instability
Inherited condition raising colon cancer risk
which causes an elevated rate of single nucleotide changes and microsatellite instability, also known as MSI-H (the H is "high"). MSI is identifiable in
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Hereditary_nonpolyposis_colorectal_cancer
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
alleles, then there may be increased instability during recombination at meiosis. Another possible cause of microsatellite mutations are point mutations, where
Microsatellite
Pharmaceutical drug used in cancer treatment
lymphoma, urothelial cancer, microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient cancer, microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient
Pembrolizumab
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
excision repair. Mutations in the MSH2 gene are associated with microsatellite instability and some cancers, especially with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal
MSH2
Enzyme found in humans
inhibition by a small molecule in cancer cells harboring a high number of microsatellites (MSI-H), WRN becomes SUMOylated, which leads to is ubiquitylation and
Werner_syndrome_helicase
Cancer of the colon or rectum
type of colorectal cancer with mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability. Pembrolizumab is approved for advanced CRC tumors that are MMR
Colorectal_cancer
Type of genomic instability
microscopically visible chromatid-type aberrations Microsatellite instability, another form of genomic instability Rajagopalan H, Nowak MA, Vogelstein B, Lengauer
Chromosome_instability
Medication for endometrial cancer treatment
the treatment of adults with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI H) recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer that has
Dostarlimab
Type of endocrine gland cancer
be used for selected tumors with specific biomarkers such as microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient solid tumors. The indication
Pancreatic_cancer
Medical treatment in addition to a primary treatment to maximise effectiveness
patients with microsatellite stability or low-frequency microsatellite instability, but not in patients with high-frequency microsatellite instability. Exocrine
Adjuvant_therapy
Cancer immunotherapy medication
immunotherapy. It has been approved in China for the treatment of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or MisMatch Repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumours
Envafolimab
Study of health and disease within a population
PMID 22935517. Ogino S, Stampfer M (2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological
Epidemiology
Type of small omnivorous rodent
Voles". Scientific American. Hammock, E. A. D.; Young, LJ (2005). "Microsatellite Instability Generates Diversity in Brain and Sociobehavioral Traits". Science
Vole
Pharmaceutical compound
enzyme WRN helicase. It is being researched for the treatment of microsatellite instability high forms of cancer. Kikuchi S, Green JC, Rogness DC, Lam B,
VVD-214
Type of colorectal polyp
mutations affecting DNA-mismatch-repair pathways, leading to microsatellite instability and potential malignant transformation. There are two main histological
Hyperplastic_polyp
System for fixing base errors of DNA replication
the Mut proteins affect genomic stability, which can result in microsatellite instability (MSI), implicated in some human cancers. In specific, the hereditary
DNA_mismatch_repair
Cancer vaccine candidate
of either non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability, or pancreatic adenocarcinoma, all with confirmed KRAS driver
MRNA-5671
Criteria to identify genetic risk of Lynch syndrome
syndrome-associated tumors, regardless of age; CRC with high microsatellite instability histology diagnosed in a patient less than 60 years old; CRC diagnosed
Amsterdam_criteria
Tumor or other abnormal growth of tissue
SA, Smoller BR, Kokoska MS, Fan CY (October 2009). "Increased microsatellite instability and epigenetic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene in head and neck
Neoplasm
Pharmaceutical drug
advanced renal cell carcinoma people aged 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer
Ipilimumab
American biotechnology company
tumors" and as a companion diagnostic "to identify patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-High) solid tumors who may benefit from Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
Guardant_Health
Process by which a disease or disorder develops
ISBN 978-0-19-977434-0. Ogino S, Stampfer M (2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological
Pathogenesis
Topics referred to by the same term
manufacturer MSI Barcode, a continuous numeric barcode symbology Microsatellite instability, an abnormality of DNA Mass spectrometry imaging, a technique
MSI
Project to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer
were found to be hypermutated; a majority of those also had high microsatellite instability. Two dozen significantly mutated genes and recurring copy number
The_Cancer_Genome_Atlas
Informatics — Data elements and their metadata for describing the microsatellite instability (MSI) information of clinical massive parallel DNA sequencing
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
Medical condition
BRAF mutations, abnormal CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. However, most individuals with the syndrome do not have an associated
Serrated_polyposis_syndrome
Conscious subjective experience
in complex social systems. Hammock EA, Young LJ (June 2005). "Microsatellite instability generates diversity in brain and sociobehavioral traits". Science
Emotion
Form of dyadic relationship
Retrieved 2020-06-08. Hammock, E. A. D.; Young, LJ (2005). "Microsatellite Instability Generates Diversity in Brain and Sociobehavioral Traits". Science
Monogamy
American scientist and entrepreneur
Hale, Connor (5 August 2019). "Guardant's blood test tracks microsatellite instability status on par with tissue biopsy in new study". FierceBiotech
Helmy_Eltoukhy
Premalignant lesion in the uterus
histopathological spectrum of monoclonal putative precancers, some with microsatellite instability". Cancer Res. 56 (8): 1917–21. PMID 8620514. Mutter GL, Chaponot
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia
Endometrial_intraepithelial_neoplasia
Adjacent repeated pattern of nucleotides within DNA
called a dinucleotide repeat (for example: ACACACAC...). The microsatellite instability in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer most commonly affects
Tandem_repeat
Uterine cancer that is located in tissues lining the uterus
In women with Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial cancer, microsatellite instability is common. Development of an endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth
Endometrial_cancer
Inherited genetic condition that predisposes a person to cancer
DNA known as microsatellites. These short repetitive sequences of DNA become unstable, leading to a state of microsatellite instability (MSI). Mutated
Hereditary_cancer_syndrome
Cancer originating in or on the ovary
ovarian cancers, which tend to be less aggressive, tend to have microsatellite instability in several genes, including both oncogenes (most notably BRAF
Ovarian_cancer
Formulary by the World Health Organization
alternative As monotherapy for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR ) / microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumours Atezolizumab and cemiplimab are alternatives
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
Class of mobile genetic elements
hypomethylation in cancer is highly variable and inversely correlated with microsatellite instability". PLOS ONE. 2 (5) e399. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..399E. doi:10.1371/journal
Long interspersed nuclear element
Long_interspersed_nuclear_element
Loss of the copy of a gene from one parent in a diploid organism
wide LOH, a sort of anti-meselson effect. Inbreeding depression Microsatellite instability Tumor suppressor gene Virtual Karyotype Knudson hypothesis Deletion
Loss_of_heterozygosity
French artificial intelligence company
colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment. It screens patients for microsatellite instability (MSI), which is a key genomic biomarker in colorectal cancer.
Owkin
Protein-coding gene in humans
and strand removal. Defects in MLH1 are associated with the microsatellite instability observed in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Alternatively
MLH1
Formation of cancer
SA, Smoller BR, Kokoska MS, Fan CY (October 2009). "Increased microsatellite instability and epigenetic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene in head and neck
Carcinogenesis
Short Tandem Repeats Genetic marker List of biological databases Microsatellite instability Mobile element Satellite DNA Short interspersed repetitive element
Strbase
White blood cells that have migrated to a tumor
are ongoing. In colorectal cancer, TILs are associated with microsatellite instability cancers, as may be seen in Lynch syndrome. Also, TILs are associated
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Tumor-infiltrating_lymphocytes
Medical condition
Polyp table Colonic polyps Colorectal polyps Colorectal carcinoma Microsatellite instability Rüschoff J, Aust D, Hartmann A (2007). "[Colorectal serrated adenoma:
Sessile_serrated_lesion
Protein-coding gene in humans
and molecular features of colorectal cancer independently of microsatellite instability status". Molecular Cancer. 5 (1) 2. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-5-2
BRAF_(gene)
Anticancer medication
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck Urothelial carcinoma Microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer
Nivolumab
Medication
2022). "Serplulimab, a novel anti-PD-1 antibody, in patients with microsatellite instability-high solid tumours: an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase
Serplulimab
Human protein and coding gene
target for somatic mutations in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers. In one study, 53% of microsatellite instability colorectal cancer cases contained
CLOCK
Medical condition
hMSH2. Approximately 70% of tumors associated with the MTS have microsatellite instability. While germline disruption of hMLH1 and hMSH2 is evenly distributed
Muir–Torre_syndrome
Accumulation of mutations
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), sequence mutations, Microsatellite shifts and instability, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), Copy number variation (detected
Somatic_evolution_in_cancer
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
be categorized as chromosomal or microsatellite instability genes. DCC would fall into the chromosomal instability category. The chromosomal region of
Netrin_receptor_DCC
Species of mammal
Kansas. Ecol. Monogr. 48:21–42. Hammock EA, Young LJ (2005). "Microsatellite instability generates diversity in brain and sociobehavioral traits". Science
Prairie_vole
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
TRIP12, UBE2Q1 and UBE4B in gastric and colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability". Pathology. 43 (7): 753–755. doi:10.1097/pat.0b013e32834c7e78
HERC2
Finnish human geneticist (1933–2020)
as microsatellite instability (MSI) or mismatch repair deficiency. This paper was the first of 3 early descriptions of microsatellite instability, representing
Albert_de_la_Chapelle
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
mutations are detected in tumors with primary microsatellite instability (MSI), a form of genomic instability associated with defective DNA mismatch repair
MBD4
Artificial stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer
practice: (1) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, (2) microsatellite instability (MSI) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), and (3) tumor mutational
Cancer_immunotherapy
Observation of the diversity of tumour cells
W. S.; Slattery, M. L. (1999). "Regional reproducibility of microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal cancer". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer
Tumour_heterogeneity
Scientific method in the specific field
PMID 20949563. Ogino S, Stampfer M (March 2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological
Epidemiological_method
Field of study in cancer research
Vural E, Suen JY, Schichman SA, et al. (October 2009). "Increased microsatellite instability and epigenetic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene in head and neck
Cancer_epigenetics
On-line knowledge resource on cell lines
to immortalise a cell line, transfected or knocked-out genes, microsatellite instability, doubling time, gender and age of donor (patient or animal), important
Cellosaurus
Any factor, whether abiotic or biotic, that influences living organisms in an ecosystem
PMID 22845482. Ogino S, Stampfer M (March 2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological
Environmental_factor
pediatric patients 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer
List of drugs granted breakthrough therapy designation
List_of_drugs_granted_breakthrough_therapy_designation
Mutation that shifts codon alignment
be a factor in colorectal cancer as well as other cancers with microsatellite instability. As stated previously, frameshift mutations are more likely to
Frameshift_mutation
Cancer of the oesophagus
adenocarcinoma is a highly mutated and heterogeneous disease. Microsatellite instability (MSI) can be observed and coincides with an elevated number of
Oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma
Oesophagogastric_junctional_adenocarcinoma
Protein-coding gene in Homo sapiens
extremely important for cells, because failure to do so results in microsatellite instability, an elevated spontaneous mutation rate (mutator phenotype), and
MSH6
Family of proteins
cancer probably occur before chromosomal instability, but after divergence of the microsatellite instability pathway". Proceedings of the National Academy
SMAD_(protein)
British-Bangladeshi entrepreneur
Stephen A. Bustin, and Sina Dorudi. "Colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability display mRNA expression signatures characteristic of increased
Shafi_Ahmed
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
defect Cervical 61% 39% Colorectal 40%-90% 11%-34% Colorectal with microsatellite instability 70% 60% Esophageal adenocarcinoma 71%-79% 89% Esophageal squamous
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine_methyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lynch syndrome (LS), which is characterized by the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI). More recently, germline mutations have been reported in
POLD1
Protein found in humans
causing microsatellite instabilities (MSI) in the genome and allowing an increase in the rates of somatic mutation. Elevated microsatellite alterations
MSH3
survival independently of Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) and microsatellite instability (MSI). In addition, they identified a microbiome signature with
Immunologic constant of rejection
Immunologic_constant_of_rejection
American non-profit professional society
Bartley AN, Mills AM, Konnick E, et al. Mismatch Repair and Microsatellite Instability Testing for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Guideline From
Association for Molecular Pathology
Association_for_Molecular_Pathology
Sub-field of genomics
"Relationship between mitochondrial DNA instability, mitochondrial DNA large deletions, and nuclear microsatellite instability in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas"
Oncogenomics
Indian-American academic scientist
2297775 1997 – Microsatellite Instability in Prostate Cancer: Dahiya’s group was among the first to demonstrate that microsatellite instability (MSI) plays
Rajvir_Dahiya
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Epigenetic silencing of AXIN2 in colorectal carcinoma with microsatellite instability". Oncogene. 25 (1): 139–46. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209009. PMID 16247484
AXIN2
of high fidelity HR repair. Signature 6, seen in tumors with microsatellite instability, also features enrichment of 1bp indels in nucleotide repeat regions
Mutational_signatures
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
mediated decay identifies gene mutations in colon cancer Cells with microsatellite instability". Oncogene. 23 (3): 639–645. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207178. PMID 14737099
UVRAG
Changeable segments of genetic material
division from occurring too rapidly or uncontrollably. For instance, microsatellite instability, which affects the lengths of short tandem repeats within the
Unstable_DNA_sequence
Genetic variant
and molecular features of colorectal cancer independently of microsatellite instability status". Molecular Cancer. 5 2. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-5-2. PMC 1360090
V600E
Shuji; Stampfer, Meir (17 March 2010). "Lifestyle Factors and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer: The Evolving Field of Molecular Pathological
Molecular_pathology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(2009). "Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability are correlated with the number and spectrum of frameshift mutations"
ASTE1
Protein-coding gene in humans
mutations in this gene frequently occur in tumors exhibiting microsatellite instability, and germline mutations have been linked to hereditary nonpolyposis
MLH3
Protein family
is often found inactivated in prostate cancer and tumors with microsatellite instability. In a lab, it has been shown that truncated mutations in the ACVR2
Activin_type_2_receptors
(HNPCC) due to microsatellite instability, familial colorectal cancer (CRC) type X (FCCX) gives rise to HNPCC despite microsatellite stability. FCCX
Ribosomopathy
Transformation of large areas of cells into cancerous forms
SA, Smoller BR, Kokoska MS, Fan CY (October 2009). "Increased microsatellite instability and epigenetic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene in head and neck
Field_cancerization
Protein-coding gene in humans
2000). "Analysis of the candidate target genes for mutation in microsatellite instability-positive cancers of the colorectum, stomach, and endometrium"
CHEK1
promoter methylation possibly connects mucinous differentiation, microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer". Mod
DNA_methylation_in_cancer
American physician-scientist
and molecular diagnostics. His early work demonstrated that microsatellite instability colon cancers have elevated mutation rates (mutator phenotype
James_R._Eshleman
Monogamy in mammals
S2CID 4340500. Hammock, Elizabeth A. D.; Young, Larry J. (2005-06-10). "Microsatellite Instability Generates Diversity in Brain and Sociobehavioral Traits". Science
Social monogamy in mammalian species
Social_monogamy_in_mammalian_species
Protein-coding gene in humans
promoter hypermethylation (which results in its down regulation) and microsatellite instability. ID4 is not found in normal epitheliums nor adenomas of colorectal
ID4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Detection of frameshift mutations of RIZ in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 10 (18): 2719–22. doi:10
PRDM2
Discipline combining epidemiology and pathology
PMID 22935516. Ogino S, Stampfer M (March 2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological
Molecular pathological epidemiology
Molecular_pathological_epidemiology
Japanese epidemiologist
screening and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer with CIMP and microsatellite instability MSI. He initiated the International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology
Shuji_Ogino
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene more common in lymph node metastasis and higher TNM stage Microsatellite instability of PINX1 gene less frequent in cases with lymph node metastasis
PINX1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"High frequency of LMAN1 abnormalities in colorectal tumors with microsatellite instability". Cancer Res. 69 (1): 292–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3314
LMAN1
Transmembrane protein
disease, melanomas, Merkel-cell carcinomas, cancers associated with microsatellite instability (e.g. certain types of colon, stomach, endometrial, ovarian, hepatobiliary
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6
CKLF_like_MARVEL_transmembrane_domain_containing_6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regional heterogeneity in gastric and colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability". Human Pathology. 45 (8): 1674–1681. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2014
SET_domain_containing_1B
amplifiable DNA. DNA aberrations such as DNA integrity, mutation, and microsatellite instability, or the presence of foreign DNA such as viral DNA are frequently
Urinary_cell-free_DNA
Microcalcification – Micrometastases – Micromolar – Microsatellite (genetics) – Microsatellite instability – Microstaging – Microwave therapy – Microwave thermotherapy
Index_of_oncology_articles
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Park WY, Kim TM, Park PJ (June 2017). "A molecular portrait of microsatellite instability across multiple cancers". Nature Communications. 8 15180. Bibcode:2017NatCo
SKIDA1
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MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY