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Scientific method in the specific field
possible risk factors. The events may be collected from varied methods of epidemiological study or from censuses or hospital records. The events can be
Epidemiological_method
Study of health and disease within a population
short descriptions of redirect targets Epidemiological method – Scientific method in the specific field Epidemiological transition – Theory describing changing
Epidemiology
Means by which a person dies by suicide
Suicide methods are any means by which a person dies or attempts to die by suicide. Suicide attempts do not always result in death, and a non-fatal suicide
Suicide_methods
the development of epidemiological methods and improvement in these methods. Promote the communication of epidemiological methods and findings amongst
International Epidemiological Association
International_Epidemiological_Association
American epidemiologist
University. He is known for his work on cancer prevention and epidemiologic methods, including methods for applying quantitative bias analysis. He is the Editor-in-Chief
Timothy_L._Lash
Field of medical research on disease and diet
nutritional epidemiological studies and interventions including clinical, case-control and cohort studies. Nutritional epidemiological methods have been
Nutritional_epidemiology
Bias in causal inference
personal testimony Causal inference – Branch of statistics Epidemiological method – Scientific method in the specific field Simpson's paradox – Error in statistical
Confounding
Efforts to promote antimicrobial agents
examining the relationship between an outcome and an intervention, the epidemiological method of time series analysis is preferred, because it accounts for the
Antimicrobial_stewardship
Application of epidemiologic methods for unexpected health problems when time-restricted
Field Epidemiology is the application of epidemiologic methods to unexpected health problems when a rapid on-site investigation is necessary for timely
Field_epidemiology
American statistician and epidemiologist
statistician and epidemiologist with many contributions to statistical and epidemiologic methods including Bayesian and causal inference, bias analysis, and meta-analysis
Sander_Greenland
Methods of estimating a woman's fertility
Various methods are known as the Knaus–Ogino method and the rhythm method. The standard days method is also considered a calendar-based method, because
Calendar-based contraceptive methods
Calendar-based_contraceptive_methods
Discipline combining epidemiology and pathology
research required a new conceptual framework and methodologies (epidemiological method) because MPE examines heterogeneity in an outcome variable. The
Molecular pathological epidemiology
Molecular_pathological_epidemiology
Study of disease patterns within animal populations
of disease in susceptible populations. In veterinary practice, epidemiological methods are used not only to enhance animal health but also to improve
Epizootiology
Statistical quirk of babies' birth weights
affects birth weight, but not mortality. Confounding Epidemiology Epidemiological method Mexican paradox, not directly related, but also involving low birth
Low_birth-weight_paradox
Self-report mood disorder questionnaire
prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in large-scale epidemiological research. Several research studies have found the CES-DC to be a reliable
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
Center_for_Epidemiologic_Studies_Depression_Scale
Using mathematical models to understand infectious disease transmission
example, epidemiological ABMs have been used to inform public health (nonpharmaceutical) interventions against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological ABMs
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases
Epidemiology of workplaces diseases
health policy, occupational epidemiology methods, and surveillance mechanisms. Occupational epidemiological research can inform risk assessments; development
Occupational_epidemiology
Metric in epidemiology
in epidemiology E-epidemiology Epi Info software program Epidemiological method Epidemiological transition Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
Basic_reproduction_number
contraception methods have been theorized and put in application. Although no method of birth control is ideal for every user, some methods remain more
Comparison of birth control methods
Comparison_of_birth_control_methods
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
Biology Statistical Methods in Medical Research Pharmaceutical Statistics Statistics in Medicine Bioinformatics Epidemiological method Epidemiology Group
Biostatistics
American epidemiologist
and screening and surveillance methods for HIV/AIDS and other diseases. In addition, he consulted on epidemiological and management-related issues with
Ralph_R._Frerichs
Janeček method (voting system) Discrete element method (numerical analysis) Domain decomposition method (numerical analysis) Epidemiological methods Euler's
List of mathematics-based methods
List_of_mathematics-based_methods
Collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data
Public health surveillance (also epidemiological surveillance, clinical surveillance or syndromic surveillance) is, according to the World Health Organization
Public_health_surveillance
World Health Organization (WHO) uses EpiData in its STEPS method of collecting epidemiological, medical, and public health data, for biostatistics, and
EpiData
Plan for research in clinical medicine
randomized studies are not cross-sectional). Conceptual framework Epidemiological methods Epidemiology Experimental control Meta-analysis Operationalization
Clinical_study_design
Subfield of epidemiology focused on clinical medicine
treatment and prevention. The data obtained in epidemiological studies are also applicable for the epidemiological justification of preventive programmes for
Clinical_epidemiology
Professional degree
courses. Required modules cover areas including statistical and epidemiological methods, planning and quality management in health systems, public health
Professional degrees of public health
Professional_degrees_of_public_health
American epidemiologist (born 1974)
she mentors students in epidemiologic methods, social epidemiology and policy evaluation. Her work integrates epidemiologic modeling, systems science
Jennifer_Ahern
Epidemiological measure
needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) is an epidemiological measure used in communicating the effectiveness of a health-care intervention
Number_needed_to_treat
Method of DNA sequencing developed in 1977
relatedness is studied to infer epidemiological relevance. Common challenges of DNA sequencing with the Sanger method include poor quality in the first
Sanger_sequencing
Science studying the uses and effects of drugs in populations
benefit epidemiological methodology. Pharmacoepidemiology then can also be defined as the transparent application of epidemiological methods through pharmacological
Pharmacoepidemiology
Type of malignant tumor found in animals
aluminium adjuvanted rabies and FeLV vaccines was established through epidemiologic methods, and in 1996 the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force was
Injection-site_sarcoma
Species of single-celled organism
refers to the Cayetano Heredia University in Lima, Peru, where early epidemiological and taxonomic work was done. Cyclospora cayetanensis is an apicomplexan
Cyclospora_cayetanensis
Branch of statistics
attempt to replicate experimental conditions. Epidemiological studies employ different epidemiological methods of collecting and measuring evidence of risk
Causal_inference
doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2008.09.008. PMID 19268397. Coleman, W (1983). "Epidemiological method in the 1860s: yellow fever at Saint-Nazaire". Bulletin of the History
History_of_yellow_fever
Emergency procedure after sudden cardiac arrest
high-quality chest compressions over artificial ventilation; a simplified CPR method involving only chest compressions is recommended for untrained rescuers
Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation
Disease outbreak in England
illness remained a mystery until the cases were mapped out using epidemiological method. The origin was found to be the polluted chalk water well at Addington
1937_Croydon_typhoid_outbreak
British epidemiologist (1807–1883)
Churchill. pp. 86, 89. Alfredo Morabia (1 January 2004). A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts. Springer. pp. 133–4. ISBN 978-3-7643-6818-0. Retrieved
William_Farr
Time unit equal to seven days
weekends. The epi week (epidemiological week) is used to report healthcare statistics, as with COVID-19 cases: The epidemiological week begins on Sunday
Week
statistics in regulatory affairs Clinical trials Medical statistics Epidemiological method Epidemiology Medicine Gerlinger, C., Edler, L., Friede, T., Kieser
Guidances for statistics in regulatory affairs
Guidances_for_statistics_in_regulatory_affairs
was the first to compile large amounts of cancer data. Modern epidemiological methods are closely linked to current[when?] concepts of disease and public
History_of_cancer
Statistical model
strategies for the estimation of natural direct and indirect effects". Epidemiologic Methods. 1 (1, Article 7). doi:10.1515/2161-962X.1014. S2CID 52207229. Albert
Mediation_(statistics)
Aberration of vision due to asymmetry in the eye's lens or cornea
commonly used methods for treating astigmatism, with success rates among the highest of all the currently available treatment methods according to peer-reviewed
Astigmatism
Bacterial infection of the small intestine
Retrieved 1 February 2010. "News from the World Health Organization: Epidemiological Methods for Environmental Health Initiatives in WHO". International Journal
Cholera
1 November 2025. Alfredo Morabia (1 January 2004). A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts. Springer. pp. 149–50. ISBN 978-3-7643-6818-0. Retrieved
Thomas_Rowe_Edmonds
Time between a new disease's identification and first diagnoses
bias Rollison, Dana E.; Sabel, Michael S. (2007-01-01), "3 - Basic Epidemiologic Methods for Cancer Investigations", in Sabel, Michael S.; Sondak, Vernon
Lead_time_bias
Spanish psychiatrist (born 1944)
psychoses. He has directed epidemiological studies in psychiatry and co-coordinated the treatise The Epidemiological Method in Mental Health. He has also
Luis_de_Rivera
Recurrence of stenosis, a narrowing of a blood vessel
stenosis and those who have <50% stenosis. Binary restenosis is an epidemiological method of analyzing percent diameter stenosis for observing not only an
Restenosis
Epidemiological study design
full cohort design. The nested case–control study can be analyzed using methods for missing covariates. The NCC design is often used when the exposure
Nested_case–control_study
American sanitation engineer and epidemiologist (1870–1948)
controlling typhoid fever outbreaks using what would now be called epidemiological methods. In 1904 he was asked by New York State authorities to direct efforts
George_Soper
Model concept in transmission of infectious disease
primary cases. SAR can be estimated using many different epidemiologic study designs, models, and methods. While traditionally termed a "rate," SAR is not a
Secondary_attack_rate
Statistical method to visualise the onset of an outbreak
An epidemic curve, also known as an epi curve or epidemiological curve, is a statistical chart used in epidemiology to visualise the onset of a disease
Epidemic_curve
Process of using data analysis for predicting population data from sample data
16, 2026. Kruskal 1988 Freedman, D.A. (2008) "Survival analysis: An Epidemiological hazard?". The American Statistician (2008) 62: 110-119. (Reprinted
Statistical_inference
Type of study based on universal sampling
little or no expense. This is a major advantage over other forms of epidemiological study. A natural progression has been suggested from cheap cross-sectional
Cross-sectional_study
Statistical method in genetic epidemiology
results from epidemiological studies. The study design was first proposed in 1986 and subsequently described by Gray and Wheatley as a method for obtaining
Mendelian_randomization
Award Kenneth Rothman Career Accomplishment Award Marshall Joffe Epidemiologic Methods Research Award Noel Weiss & Tom Koepsell Excellence in Education
Society for Epidemiologic Research
Society_for_Epidemiologic_Research
American immunologist (born 1940)
Gelmann, Edward P. (January 1984). "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Immunologic, and Therapeutic Considerations". Annals of Internal
Anthony_Fauci
Deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
(2000). "Standardized mortality ratio (SMR)" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Epidemiologic Methods. Wiley Reference Series in Biostatistics. New York: John Wiley &
Mortality_rate
Cancer that originates in mammary glands
Company. 10 August 1878. p. 86. Morabia A (2004). A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts. Boston: Birkhauser. pp. 301–302. ISBN 978-3-7643-6818-0
Breast_cancer
Influence of pornography on an individual and their intimate relationships
backing evidence to link violent pornography as the cause of rape. An epidemiological study describes the association between given behaviors or environmental
Effects_of_pornography
Joseph; Abramson, Z. H. (2011-08-24). Research Methods in Community Medicine: Surveys, Epidemiological Research, Programme Evaluation, Clinical Trials
Denominator_data
statistics in regulatory affairs Clinical trials Medical statistics Epidemiological method Epidemiology Medicine "ICH E6 Good clinical practice - Scientific
List of Guidances for Statistics in Regulatory Affairs
List_of_Guidances_for_Statistics_in_Regulatory_Affairs
Surgical clipping, removal or blocking of the fallopian tubes
poststerilization regret in women: an updated international review from an epidemiological perspective". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 49 (10): 722–732
Tubal_ligation
American academic
Garfield quantified the impact of conflict on noncombatants using epidemiologic methods and studied the effects of economic sanctions on health in Iraq
Richard Garfield (nursing professor)
Richard_Garfield_(nursing_professor)
Study with repeated observations over time
participate in the study for various reasons. Under longitudinal research methods, the reduction in the research sample will bias the remaining smaller sample
Longitudinal_study
Cleaning service provided for commercial buildings and establishments
disinfecting. Commercial office cleaning companies use a wide variety of cleaning methods, chemicals, and equipment to facilitate and expedite the cleaning process
Commercial_cleaning
Country in East Asia
Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team (2020). "The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)
China
Illness diagnosis, treatment and prevention based on data collection and analysis
published textbooks on clinical epidemiology, which translated epidemiological methods to physician decision-making. Toward the end of the 1980s, a group
Evidence-based_medicine
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
tuberculosis surveillance and contact tracing, where traditional epidemiological methods may fail to identify all transmission links. Additionally, SNP-based
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
provide rich epidemiological data. Studying respiratory sounds and identifying deviations from baseline is an invaluable epidemiologic tool. On a community
Acoustic_epidemiology
German epidemiology institute
Association in 2013. BIPS is structured into six departments: Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research; Prevention and Evaluation; Clinical Epidemiology;
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS
Leibniz_Institute_for_Prevention_Research_and_Epidemiology_–_BIPS
stage cancer, rare diseases, emerging infectious diseases, new treatment methods, and medical devices. While randomized control trials are considered the
Single-arm_study_design
American epidemiological longitudinal study
The Seven Countries Study is an epidemiological longitudinal study directed by Ancel Keys at what is today the University of Minnesota Laboratory of Physiological
Seven_Countries_Study
Event that may influence a US election
over another.[citation needed] Although the studies used standard epidemiological methods, was peer-reviewed and supported by a majority of statisticians
October_surprise
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
S, Mamtani R, Cheema S (August 2022). "An in-depth analysis of 10 epidemiological terminologies used in the context of COVID-19". Scand J Public Health
COVID-19_pandemic
statistical observation.[citation needed] The study design for epidemiological methods may be of three kinds: The best proofs come from observations of
Health_effects_of_radon
1900s, but it has been replaced by genotypic methods such as whole genome sequencing for epidemiological characterization. Phage typing is based on the
Phage_typing
Prevention of human pregnancy
is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control
Birth_control
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
March 2022). "Suicidality Among Men in Russia: A Review of Recent Epidemiological Data". Cureus. (3):e22990 (4) e22990. Springer Nature. doi:10.7759/cureus
Russia
American academic
in the field of pharmacoepidemiology, i.e., the application of epidemiologic methods to the study of drug use and effects. He is recognized as a founder
Brian_L._Strom
Suicide method
In the United States, suicide by firearm is the most lethal method of suicide, resulting in a fatality 90% of the time, and is thus the leading cause of
Suicide_by_firearm
Salafi jihadist militant organisation
genocide, genocidal terror, and the upstream role of indoctrination: can epidemiologic models predict and prevent?". Public Health Reviews. 39 (1): 30. doi:10
Islamic_State
Criteria for measuring cause and effect
causality in epidemiological studies but their value has been questioned because they have become somewhat outdated. In addition, their method of application
Bradford_Hill_criteria
Prion disease affecting the deer family
exists for transmission to humans and subsequent human disease". The epidemiological study further concluded, "as a precaution, hunters should avoid eating
Chronic_wasting_disease
Medical research using human test subjects
study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations Epidemiological methods – statistical techniques used in epidemiology Evidence-based medicine –
Outline_of_clinical_research
Scientist and professor
Gonzálezn is an elected member of the American Epidemiological Society. Berrington, Amy (2001). Epidemiological evidence for the risk of cancer from diagnostic
Amy_Berrington_de_González
Tropane alkaloid & anticholinergic drug
con burundanga en la clínica Uribe Cualla S. A. de Bogotá, D. C." [Epidemiological profile of burundanga poisoning at the Uribe Cualla SA clinic in Bogotá
Scopolamine
Isotope of iodine
iodine-131, it is probably too small to observe using the best epidemiologic methods available Executive summary Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Saha Das, Sujata
Iodine-131
subsequent studies. Dietrich Eberhard Schairer also used case-control epidemiological methods to study lung cancer among smokers, in 1943. Due to the research
Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany
Anti-tobacco_movement_in_Nazi_Germany
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
symptoms include chest pain, rapid heart rate and fatigue. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a close association between air pollution
Wildfire
in the Enterics for Global Health Shigella Surveillance Study: Epidemiologic Methods". Open Forum Infect Dis. 11 (Suppl 1): S6–S16. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad664
Iquitos_Satellite_Laboratory
some of the previous days here. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Weekly Epidemiological Update and Weekly Operational Update. From World Health Organization
COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory
COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory
Laboratory method for human stool samples
MacLeod A, Matovu E, Noyes H, Koffi M (2024). "Evaluation of the epidemiological situation of intestinal schistosomiasis using the POC-CCA parasite
Kato_technique
British built Japanese ironclad
some sort of dietary deficiency, possibly protein. Trained in epidemiological methods during his medical training in London, Takaki was able to persuade
Japanese_ironclad_Ryūjō
Device for birth control and STI prevention
and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence". World J Gastroenterol. 12 (27): 4296–4303. doi:10.3748/wjg
Condom
Systemic herbicide and crop desiccant
glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic in humans" (category 2A) based on epidemiological studies, animal studies, and in vitro studies. In contrast, the European
Glyphosate
Chemical compound
2015, WHO classifies processed meat as Group 1 carcinogen (based on epidemiological studies, convincingly carcinogenic to humans). In April 2023 the French
Potassium_nitrate
Total mass of fat divided by total body mass
(September 2008). "Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies?". Nutrition Journal. 7: 26. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-7-26. PMC 2543039
Body_fat_percentage
Empirical study
4.827. MacMahon B, Pugh TF. Epidemiologic Methods (Little, Brown; 1960); reissued as Epidemiology: Principles and Methods (Little, Brown; 1970) (ISBN 0316542598)
Natural_experiment
statistics Epi Info – software Epidata – software Epidemic model Epidemiological methods Epilogism Epitome (image processing) Epps effect Equating – test
List_of_statistics_articles
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