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Pama–Nyungan language branch of Australia
The Kulinic languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Victoria (Australia). They are: Kulin (3+, e.g. Woiwurrung) Kolakngat Drual (2) Warrnambool
Kulinic_languages
Pama–Nyungan language group of Australia
The Kulin languages are a group of closely related languages of the Kulin people, part of the Kulinic branch of Pama–Nyungan. Woiwurrung (Woy-wur-rung):
Kulin_languages
Extinct dialect of Wemba-Wemba
dialect is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded
Nari-Nari_dialect
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
linguists have suggested that it is a mixed language, containing elements of neighbouring languages. The language is first attested in 1839. Though much of
Colac_language
Aboriginal Australian language family
The Pama–Nyungan languages (/ˌpɑːmə ˈnjʊŋən/ PAH-mə-NYOONG-ən) are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, comprising 306 of the
Pama–Nyungan_languages
Group of Kulinic languages
Drual is a small group of indigenous Australian languages of the Kulinic family. The two languages are: Drual Bungandidj (Buwandik) Kuurn Kopan Noot Warrnambool
Drual_languages
Extinct Australian Indigenous language
Bungandidj-Kuurn Kopan Noot subgroup of the Kulinic languages. R. H. Mathews identified a Tyattyalla language, now written Djadjala, spoken between the
Bindjali_language
Ban of Bosnia
Kulinić. He is often called Serbo-Croatian: Stjepan Kulinić / Стјепан Кулинић in local sources (Stephen son of Kulin), and sometimes Stephen Kulinić in
Stephen_Kulinić
Indigenous Australian people of Victoria, Australia
is a Western Central Murray language classified as a member of the Kulinic language branch of the Pama Nyungan language family. It is closely related
Latji_Latji
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
includes the languages of the Yolŋu clans, who are Aboriginal peoples of northeast Arnhem Land in northern Australia. The family of languages includes the
Yolŋu_languages
Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia
aboriginal man in the two languages. In 2004 it was demonstrated that Ngarrkic is related to the neighbouring Ngumpin languages. McConvell, Patrick; Laughren
Ngarrkic_languages
Language branch spoken in Australia
Minyangbal, and Bandjalang as separate Bandjalangic languages. All Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages are nearly extinct. As of 2016[update], Bandjalang proper
Yugambeh–Bundjalung_languages
Aboriginal Australian people in Victoria
000 years. Wathaurong is a Pama-Nyungan language, belonging to the Kulin sub-branch of the Kulinic language family. Wadawurrung territory extended some
Wadawurrung
Indigenous Australian people
Mati Mati spoke Madhi Madhi, a Kulinic language, and, according to Barry Blake, one of a subgroup, the Mathi languages, of which Matdhi Madhi is the best
Muthi_Muthi
Australian Aboriginal languages
The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land
Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages
Dialect cluster of Central Australia
defines the Arandic group of languages/dialects as comprising five Aranda (Arrernte) dialects, plus two distinct languages, Kaytetye (Koch, 2004) and Lower
Arrernte_language
Extinct Aboriginal language of Victoria, Australia
Butterfly: Balam-balam Fly: Garragarrak Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bunurong_language
Ban of Bosnia
his realm of Bosnia. Kulin was the founder of the House of Kulinić. His son, Stephen Kulinić, succeeded him as Bosnian Ban. Kulin's sister was married
Ban_Kulin
Australian Aboriginal language family
another Thaypan / Rarmul Pama language. Pama–Maran languages Hale, Kenneth L. (1964). "Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia;
Paman_languages
Family of Pama–Nyungan indigenous Australian languages
Peramangk. Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, 23 December 2011 (corrected
Lower_Murray_languages
Proposed language family of Australia
Macro-Pama-Nyungan language family is made up of the Gunwinyguan languages from Arnhem Land in Northern Australia, the Tangkic languages from Mornington
Macro-Pama–Nyungan_languages
Endangered Australian Aboriginal language
Biwadjali. Wergaia is considered a dialect of the Wemba Wemba language, which belongs to the Kulinic branch of Pama–Nyungan. The Aboriginal people who speak
Wergaia_dialect
Australian actress and musician
Indigenous Australian musician, actress and academic researching Aboriginal languages and their retrieval. Bennett is a Yorta Yorta and Dja Dja Wurrung woman
Lou Bennett (Australian musician)
Lou_Bennett_(Australian_musician)
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Yuin–Kuric languages are a group of mainly extinct Australian Aboriginal languages traditionally spoken in the south east of Australia. They belong
Yuin–Kuric_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
the similar-sounding Ndrangith language and Ndwa'ngith language. Y39 Ndra'ngith at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Ndra'ngith_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related;
Maric_languages
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Nyungic languages are the south-westernmost of the Australian Aboriginal languages: Nyungic Noongar language Galaagu language (Kalarko, Malpa) Kalaamaya–Natingero
Nyungic_languages
about fifty distinct languages. The Kanyara and Mantharta languages appear to be the most divergent of the Southwest languages. The others are sometimes
Southwest Pama–Nyungan languages
Southwest_Pama–Nyungan_languages
Languages of the Northern Territory
is a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. It includes four languages, none closely related: Burarra Gurr-goni Ndjébbana
Maningrida_languages
Australian Aboriginal language group
The Yura or Thura-Yura languages are a group of Australian Aboriginal languages surrounding Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent in South Australia, that comprise
Thura-Yura_languages
Australian Aboriginal language family
Arandic is a family of Australian Aboriginal languages consisting of several languages or dialect clusters, including the Arrernte (Upper Arrernte) group
Arandic_languages
Southwestern Australian Aboriginal language
Noongar (or Nyungar) language before European settlement: it was a subgroup (or possibly a dialect continuum) of closely related languages, whose speakers
Noongar_language
Extinct Paman language of Australia
Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Y26 Linngithigh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Linngithigh_dialect
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family once spoken by the Ngamini and related peoples. RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature
Ngamini_language
Australian Aboriginal language
practice of naming based on some distinctive word is found in many other languages. The name has many spelling variants, including Gogo-Yimidjir, Gugu-Yimidhirr
Guugu_Yimithirr_language
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages of Queensland. Bowern (2011) lists five Durubalic languages: Durubalic Turrubal (Turubul) Yagara (Jagara)
Durubalic_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
sun Wanthi punga: good day Y60 Ayabadhu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Ayabadhu_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
allophones as [e], [ɛ, ɔ], and [o]. Dyangadi languages D24 Southern Anaiwan at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal
Anewan_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
tree Woor: devil / evil being E21 Nunukul at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Nunukul_language
Language family of northern Australia
The Tangkic languages form a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. The Tangkic languages are Lardil (Leerdil)
Tangkic_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
links) Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 57. RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
Gurdjar_language
Australian Aboriginal language
350 ethnic Thaayorre spoke the language. It is in a robust position compared to many indigenous Australian languages, as it is still being acquired by
Kuuk_Thaayorre_language
Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia
Wiradhuric languages or Central (Inland) New South Wales, are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. There are three languages: Wiradhuric
Wiradhuric_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
preverb). As are many of the surviving Indigenous Australian languages, the Warumungu language is undergoing rapid change. The morphology used by younger
Warumungu_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
its dialects may be dialects of Ngawun/Wunumara. Unlike most other Mayi languages, /l̠ʲ/ in Mayi-Thakurti, and Wunumara is phonemic. Below is a basic vocabulary
Mayi-Kulan_language
Australian Aboriginal dialect of the Western Desert language
Aboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia. New York: Plenum Press, 1978, vol. 2, pp. 393–396. Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal
Ngaatjatjarra_dialect
Extinct Pama–Nyungan language of Australia
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature
Mpalitjanh_dialect
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies L41 Iningay at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Bidjara_language
Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia
Claire (23 December 2011). "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?". Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web. Bowern, Claire (6 February
Kalaamaya_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
as such should be considered distinct languages. The following languages are regarded as closely related languages of Biri by the AUSTLANG database maintained
Biri_language
Dialect cluster of Pama–Nyungan languages
The Western Desert language, or Wati, is a dialect cluster of Australian Aboriginal languages in the Pama–Nyungan family. The name Wati tends to be used
Western_Desert_language
Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia
languages. Kalarko–Mirniny language Mirning languages A2 Galaagu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal
Galaagu_language
Group of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Dyirbalic languages are a group of languages forming a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. They are: Dyirbalic Dyirbalic proper Dyirbal Warrgamay Nyawaygic
Dyirbalic_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
sometimes [ŋ] before [a]. S38 Yabula-Yabula at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Yabula-Yabula_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
the language, and Tulua is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia
Tulua_language
Australian Aboriginal language
in his book Searching for Aboriginal Languages: Memoirs of a Field Worker. Most of what is known of the language is from Dixon's field research with speaker
Mbabaram_language
Two Australian aboriginal languages
pair of related Australian Aboriginal languages, Kumbainggar and Yaygir. Gumbaynggir is the only surviving language in the Gumbaynggiric family of Pama–Nyungan
Gumbaynggiric_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development, p xxxii Y85 Kok-Kaper at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Koko-Bera_language
Australian Aboriginal language
considered distinct languages by their speakers. Yindjibarndi is classified as a member of the Ngayarta branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages. Under Carl Georg
Yinjibarndi_language
Western Desert dialect of Central Australia
Aboriginal languages (as well as in some other languages, such as Fijian and Māori) are borrowed from "motorcar". Like in many Indigenous languages, code-switching
Pitjantjatjara_dialect
Australian Aboriginal language
Retrieved 30 October 2017. E29 Gubbi Gubbi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Gubbi_Gubbi_language
Traditional language of the Wiradjuri people of Australia
book is also available. A Grammar of Wiradjuri language was published in 2014. In most Pama-Nyungan languages, sounds represented by 'k' or 'g' are interchangeable
Wiradjuri_language
Group of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Wik languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of sixteen languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia
Wik_languages
Australian Aboriginal language of the Sydney area
Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Troy (1994): p. 5. Troy, Jakelin. 2019. The Sydney language
Dharug_language
Branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia
Warluwar(r)ic languages are a discontinuous primary branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia. The moribund Yanyuwa language is the only survivor
Ngarna_languages
Nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language
sadder than the death of a language". The Spectator Australia. Retrieved 2026-03-12. W25 Thiin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Thiin_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken
Yugul_language
Australian Aboriginal language
is a Paman language of Queensland, Australia. Lamalama is one of four languages once spoken by the Lamalama people, the others being Morrobolam (Umbuygamu)
Lamalama_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Taribelang is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded
Taribelang_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Y132.1 Wamin at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Guugu_Yalandji_language
Aboriginal language in New South Wales, Australia
Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxvi. D12 Paakantyi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Paakantyi_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Australian Aboriginal language, of Queensland, Australia. It is one of several geographically transitional "Karna–Mari fringe" languages that have not been
Kalali_language
Extinct language family of Australia
Australian Aboriginal languages of Queensland. They were once classified as Paman, but now as a separate branch of Pama–Nyungan. The languages are: Mayi-Kutuna
Mayabic_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
to express emotion: Languages have various ways of forming words for new concepts. The most common is borrowing from other languages, which is employed
Ngaanyatjarra_dialect
Australian Aboriginal language
Djinang is an Australian Aboriginal language, one of the family of Yolŋu languages which are spoken in the north-east Arnhem Land region of the Northern
Djinang_language
Subdivision of the Paman languages
The North Cape York Paman languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of forty languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland
North Cape York Paman languages
North_Cape_York_Paman_languages
Aboriginal language of Western Australia
Yinggarda is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded
Yinggarda_language
Australian language of Victoria, Australia
in indigenous language families of the Australian south-east such as Yuin-Kuric (incl. Ngunnawal and Dharug) and the Gippsland languages (Incl. Dhudhuroa)
Wadawurrung_language
Australian Aboriginal language
has an avoidance language. Avoidance languages, sometimes known as 'mother-in-law languages', are special registers within a language that are spoken between
Djaru_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature
Andjingith_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Categories in Australian Languages. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies: Canberra Dixon, RMW. (2004). Australian Languages, Their Nature and Development
Yugambal_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
a feature of proto-Pama–Nyungan lost from contiguous languages. Unlike most Australian languages, [d] occurs as an allophone of /r/ when after a consonant
Nyawaygi_language
Extinct Australian language
when after sounds /ɾ, r, j/. G29 Kok-Nar at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Kok-Nar_language
Endangered Australian Aboriginal language
retains Djabugay in its traditional place within the Paman languages. The following languages are confirmed dialects of Djabugay by the AUSTLANG database
Djabugay_language
Pama–Nyungan language of northern Australia
Australia. Yanyuwa, like many other Australian Aboriginal languages, is a highly agglutinative language with ergative-absolutive alignment, whose grammar is
Yanyuwa_language
Australian Aboriginal language of the Crocodile Islands
Islands. Yan-nhaŋu phonology is typical of Yolŋu languages, Pama–Nyungan languages, and Australian languages in general. There are six places of articulation
Nhangu_language
Australian Aboriginal language of the Yolngu group spoken in the Northern Territory
is one of the Yolŋu languages spoken by Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory, Australia. Although all Yolŋu languages are mutually intelligible
Dhuwal_language
Paman language spoken in Queensland, Australia
thought to be present in all languages, so their absence in native lexicon is highly notable. As in many other Australian languages, such as Dyirbal, Kunjen
Kunjen_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Australian Aboriginal languages once spoken along the South Coast of New South Wales. According to Bob Dixon (2002), four Tharawal languages are attested, though
Tharawal_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
Tennant Creek. It belongs to the Arandic subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan languages and is related to Alyawarra, which is one of the Upper Arrernte dialects
Kaytetye_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Australian languages in that it features a ceremonial register, called Damin (also Demiin). Damin is regarded by Lardil-speakers as a separate language and has
Lardil_language
Yir-Yoront dialect of Australia
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature
Yirrk-Thangalkl_dialect
Australian Aboriginal language
itself, and Kugu-Uwanh. Y59 Kugu-Muminh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Kugu_Nganhcara_language
Indigenous Australian tribal sub-group
Waaring. The Ngooraialum spoke a dialect of Taungurung, a Kulinic language of the Pama-Nyungan language family, as did the Taungurong. Their ethnonym Nguraialum
Ngooraialum
Family of Pama-Nyungan languages
Ngarrga–Ngumpin languages are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of the Pilbara region of Australia. Ngumpin–Yapa Ngarrga languages (Yapa) Warlmanpa
Ngumpin–Yapa_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Languages: Their Nature
Latji-Latji_dialect
Indigenous Australian language of the Northern Territory
International Year of Indigenous Languages which features 14 different words for 'money' from Australian Indigenous languages including awarnda for Anindilyakwa
Anindilyakwa_language
Australian Aboriginal language
(2020) "Language of the Week: Week Twenty - Djagaraga". State Library of Queensland. Accessed 15/12/2023. Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their
Gudang_language
Paman language of Queensland, Australia
Wik languages. In 1981 there were 86 speakers. Wik-Ngatharr at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Y51 Wik-Ngatharr at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Wik-Ngatharr_dialect
Australian Aboriginal language
Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiv. "E23: Yuggera". Australian Indigenous Languages Database. Australian
Turrbal_language
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