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See searches and references containing DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES!DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
Group of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Dyirbalic languages are a group of languages forming a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. They are: Dyirbalic Dyirbalic proper Dyirbal Warrgamay Nyawaygic
Dyirbalic_languages
Aboriginal Australian language family
Kalkatungic languages Mayabic languages Pama-Maric (weak support) Paman languages Kalaw Lagaw Ya Maric languages (?) Dyirbalic languages Central Arandic–Thura-Yura
Pama–Nyungan_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
Statistics there were eight speakers of the language in 2016 and 24 speakers in 2021. It is a member of the small Dyirbalic branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.
Dyirbal_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiii. Y134 Warrgamay at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Warrgamay_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
a feature of proto-Pama–Nyungan lost from contiguous languages. Unlike most Australian languages, [d] occurs as an allophone of /r/ when after a consonant
Nyawaygi_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Crump, Des (28 December 2020). "Language of the Week:
Wulguru_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland
is the only source on the language. Yuru has been classified as Nyawaygic. E62 Yuru at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Yuru_language
Hypothetical language family of Australia
hypothetical language family consisting of the following neighboring branches of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages: Paman Dyirbalic Yidinyic
Northeast Pama–Nyungan languages
Northeast_Pama–Nyungan_languages
Dialect cluster of Central Australia
defines the Arandic group of languages/dialects as comprising five Aranda (Arrernte) dialects, plus two distinct languages, Kaytetye (Koch, 2004) and Lower
Arrernte_language
Aboriginal Australian people
are not to be confused with the Kuringgai. Gulŋay was one of the Dyirbalic languages, and a dialect of Dyirbal. Norman Tindale set their lands at some
Gulngay
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
includes the languages of the Yolŋu clans, who are Aboriginal peoples of northeast Arnhem Land in northern Australia. The family of languages includes the
Yolŋu_languages
Australian Aboriginal languages
The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land
Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages
Language family of northern Australia
The Tangkic languages form a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. The Tangkic languages are Lardil (Leerdil)
Tangkic_languages
Group of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Wik languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of sixteen languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia
Wik_languages
Extinct language family of Australia
Australian Aboriginal languages of Queensland. They were once classified as Paman, but now as a separate branch of Pama–Nyungan. The languages are: Mayi-Kutuna
Mayabic_languages
Linguistic phenomenon whereby a language allows multiple cases suffixed on the same head
languages) Chukchi (Chukchi–Kamchatkan languages) Dyirbal (one of the Dyirbalic languages, which are a primary branch of the Pama-Nyungan languages)
Suffixaufnahme
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Southwestern Paman languages are a family of the Paman languages spoken on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. Alpher
Southwestern_Paman_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
by the Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative. E10 Yaygir language at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Yaygir_language
Pama–Nyungan language family of the Nullarbor Coast
The Mirning or Mirniny languages are a pair of Pama–Nyungan languages of the Nullarbor Coast of Australia. Mirning (Mirniny) Ngadjumaya (Ngatjumaya) Galaagu
Mirning_languages
Languages of Aboriginal people of central Australia
The Wati languages are the dominant Pama–Nyungan languages of central Australia. They include the moribund Wanman language and the Western Desert dialect
Wati_languages
Australian Aboriginal language group
The Yura or Thura-Yura languages are a group of Australian Aboriginal languages surrounding Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent in South Australia, that comprise
Thura-Yura_languages
Group of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Karnic languages are a group of languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. According to Dixon (2002), these are three separate families, but Bowern (2001)
Karnic_languages
Andamanese languages Australian languages and Tasmanian languages Caucasian languages Khoisan languages Nuba Mountains languages Paleo-Siberian
List_of_language_families
Pama–Nyungan language group of Australia
The Kulin languages are a group of closely related languages of the Kulin people, part of the Kulinic branch of Pama–Nyungan. Woiwurrung (Woy-wur-rung):
Kulin_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Australian Aboriginal languages once spoken along the South Coast of New South Wales. According to Bob Dixon (2002), four Tharawal languages are attested, though
Tharawal_languages
Language family of northern Australia
languages (Garrwan), or Yanyi, are a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages currently spoken in northern Australia. The languages are:
Garawan_languages
Endangered Australian Aboriginal language
"Aboriginal languages of Victoria". Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 36: 71–106. Clark, Ian (1990). Aboriginal Languages and Clans:
Wergaia_dialect
Language branch spoken in Australia
Minyangbal, and Bandjalang as separate Bandjalangic languages. All Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages are nearly extinct. As of 2016[update], Bandjalang proper
Yugambeh–Bundjalung_languages
Branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family
items for the Marrngu languages: Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December
Marrngu_languages
Group of Australian Aboriginal languages
Kalkatungu, Yalarnnga. The two languages are not close; Dixon treats them as separate families. A Wakabunga language is often included based on a word
Kalkatungic_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related;
Maric_languages
Group of Kulinic languages
Drual is a small group of indigenous Australian languages of the Kulinic family. The two languages are: Drual Bungandidj (Buwandik) Kuurn Kopan Noot Warrnambool
Drual_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.10 Hale, 1976, Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.10 v t e
Luthigh_language
Australian Aboriginal language of the Yolngu group spoken in the Northern Territory
is one of the Yolŋu languages spoken by Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory, Australia. Although all Yolŋu languages are mutually intelligible
Dhuwal_language
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages of Queensland. Bowern (2011) lists five Durubalic languages: Durubalic Turrubal (Turubul) Yagara (Jagara)
Durubalic_languages
Group of aboriginal Australian languages
The Waka–Kabic (Waka-Gabi) languages form a nearly extinct family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. Waka–Kabic Than Taribelang Gubbi Gubbi (Kabikabi)
Waka–Kabic_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
itself, and Kugu-Uwanh. Y59 Kugu-Muminh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Kugu_Nganhcara_language
Extinct Pama–Nyungan language of Australia
Kite & Wurm 2004, p. 16. E28 Wakka Wakka at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Wakka_Wakka_language
Australian Aboriginal language family
Arandic is a family of Australian Aboriginal languages consisting of several languages or dialect clusters, including the Arrernte (Upper Arrernte) group
Arandic_languages
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
The Yuin–Kuric languages are a group of mainly extinct Australian Aboriginal languages traditionally spoken in the south east of Australia. They belong
Yuin–Kuric_languages
Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia
aboriginal man in the two languages. In 2004 it was demonstrated that Ngarrkic is related to the neighbouring Ngumpin languages. McConvell, Patrick; Laughren
Ngarrkic_languages
Traditional language of the Wiradjuri people of Australia
book is also available. A Grammar of Wiradjuri language was published in 2014. In most Pama-Nyungan languages, sounds represented by 'k' or 'g' are interchangeable
Wiradjuri_language
Extinct unclassified languages of Australia
The Lower Burdekin languages are a geographical grouping of three distinct Aboriginal languages, spoken around the mouth of the Burdekin River in north
Lower_Burdekin_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Retrieved 14 January 2020. D1 Wemba-Wemba at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Wemba_Wemba_dialect
Pama–Nyungan language group of Australia
(Ngayarta /ŋajaʈa/) languages are a group of closely related languages in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The languages classified as members
Ngayarda_languages
Paman language of Queensland, Australia
Wik languages. In 1981 there were 86 speakers. Wik-Ngatharr at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Y51 Wik-Ngatharr at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Wik-Ngatharr_dialect
Extinct Pama–Nyungan language of Australia
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature
Mpalitjanh_dialect
Pama–Nyungan language branch of Australia
W. 2002. Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia
Kulinic_languages
Extinct Australian aboriginal language spoken in Cape York
Australian Aboriginal language once spoken in Cape York in Queensland. Y34 Aritinngithigh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Arritinngithigh_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
the similar-sounding Ndrangith language and Ndwa'ngith language. Y39 Ndra'ngith at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute
Ndra'ngith_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language group
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies L57 Minkabari at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Ngura_languages
Family of Pama-Nyungan languages
Ngarrga–Ngumpin languages are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of the Pilbara region of Australia. Ngumpin–Yapa Ngarrga languages (Yapa) Warlmanpa
Ngumpin–Yapa_languages
Endangered Pama–Nyungan language of Australia
in word-medial positions. A3 Ngadjunmaya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Ngadjunmaya_language
Australian Aboriginal language
xxxii Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, 23 December 2011 (corrected
Gugu_Thaypan_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
|journal= (help) Hale, Kenneth L. (1976). "Phonological developments in particular Northern Paman languages". Languages of Cape York. pp. 7–40. v t e
Ngkoth_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Wik-Me'nh is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. Y53 Wik Me'anh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian
Wik-Me'nh_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous languages". Monash Life. Monash University. 27 October 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2020. N90 Ngandi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Ngandi_language
about fifty distinct languages. The Kanyara and Mantharta languages appear to be the most divergent of the Southwest languages. The others are sometimes
Southwest Pama–Nyungan languages
Southwest_Pama–Nyungan_languages
Extinct indigenous language of Australia
2002; Gaagudju has traditionally been classified with the Gunwinyguan languages. However, in 1997 Nicholas Evans proposed an Arnhem Land family that includes
Gaagudju_language
Australian Aboriginal language family
another Thaypan / Rarmul Pama language. Pama–Maran languages Hale, Kenneth L. (1964). "Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia;
Paman_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. Y199 Alungul at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Alungul_language
Australian Aboriginal language
has an avoidance language. Avoidance languages, sometimes known as 'mother-in-law languages', are special registers within a language that are spoken between
Djaru_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Census". Retrieved 13 October 2022. N92 Alawa at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Alawa_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Breen, Gavan (2007). The grammar of Yalarnnga : a language of
Yalarnnga_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
auxiliary verb. Such verbal particles are absent in the languages to the north. The Maran languages also share verbal features such as particle reduplication
Warndarrang_language
Family of Australian Aboriginal languages
based on more data and languages of the region, classify Darumbal as a sister of Mbabaram (and therefore related to Maric languages, though as the first
Kingkel_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies L41 Iningay at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Bidjara_language
Australian Aboriginal language
foot, and cabul meaning leg. D7 Yitha Yitha at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Yitha_Yitha_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
linguists have suggested that it is a mixed language, containing elements of neighbouring languages. The language is first attested in 1839. Though much of
Colac_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Explorer". Retrieved 12 January 2023. N57 Jawoyn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Jawoyn_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Ndra'ngith language and Ndwa'ngith language, and places it in the Northern Paman languages. Y202 Ndrangith at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Ndrangith_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Rembarrnga (Rembarunga) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Northern Non-Pama–Nyungan languages, spoken in the Roper River region of the Northern
Rembarrnga_language
Australian Aboriginal language
dying Aboriginal language wins global awards". ABC News. 18 November 2025. Retrieved 7 March 2026. Bowern & Koch (2004) Australian Languages: Classification
Nyiyaparli_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
may be related to the Durubalic languages (Bowern 2011) or (along with the Pimpama language) to the Bandjalangic languages (Jefferies 2011). E26 Gowar at
Guwar_language
Australian Aboriginal language
"Cultural diversity: Census". N155 Garrwa at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Garrwa_language
Nearly extinct dialect cluster of Western Australia
Warriyangga is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded
Mantharta_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
structure and how they compare to other Australian languages within the same family group in Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method.
Wagaya_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
date of individual dialects Y20 Anguthimri at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Anguthimri_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken
Barrow_Point_language
Australian Aboriginal language
"thang" in accordance with Dixon. S49 Bidhawal at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Bidhawal_language
Pair of Aboriginal Australian languages
Kanyara languages are a pair of closely related languages in the southern Pilbara region of Western Australia. According to Dixon, languages classified
Kanyara_languages
Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia
Wiradhuric languages or Central (Inland) New South Wales, are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. There are three languages: Wiradhuric
Wiradhuric_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020. Breen, Gavan (1981). The Mayi languages of the Queensland Gulf
Ngawun_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature
Yandruwandha_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 30 January 2020. Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia:
Warluwarra_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Retrieved 29 October 2017. N78 Mangarrayi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Mangarrayi_language
Australian Aboriginal language
350 ethnic Thaayorre spoke the language. It is in a robust position compared to many indigenous Australian languages, as it is still being acquired by
Kuuk_Thaayorre_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Luise; Austin, Peter (2004). "The Yarli Languages". In Bowern, Claire; Koch, Harold (eds.). Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method
Yarli_language
Southwestern Australian Aboriginal language
Noongar (or Nyungar) language before European settlement: it was a subgroup (or possibly a dialect continuum) of closely related languages, whose speakers
Noongar_language
Australian Aboriginal language
the language as they lived amongst people speaking English and other Aboriginal languages, although it continued to be used as a written language. The
Diyari_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
links) Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, 23 December 2011 (corrected
Yuyu_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature
Warray_language
Australian Aboriginal language
closely related to the other Wik-Ngathan language, Wik-Ngatharr and more distantly to the other Wik languages. In 1981 there were 130 speakers. A dictionary
Wik-Ngathan_language
Australian Aboriginal language of north-central Arnhem land
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies N74 Ndjebanna at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database
Ndjébbana_language
Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia
Australian language of the Malgana people of Western Australia. It is one of the Kartu languages of the Pama–Nyungan family of languages. The Irra Wangga
Malgana_language
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
The group of languages is also referred to as Gunditjmara and Warrnambool. Efforts to revive the language(s) are ongoing. The language in its several
Dhauwurd_Wurrung_language
Family of Pama–Nyungan indigenous Australian languages
Peramangk. Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, 23 December 2011 (corrected
Lower_Murray_languages
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
to a language. Yalgawarra is a clan name. Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the
Flinders_Island_language
Yir-Yoront dialect of Australia
Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature
Yirrk-Thangalkl_dialect
Australian Aboriginal language
2025. Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, 23 December 2011 (corrected
Dhungaloo_language
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France named with Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’, a word with cognates in most Germanic languages. Compare Hay.English : variant spelling of Haigh.Irish (County Cavan) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Thaidhg (see McCaig).
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a personal name that was popular throughout Christendom in the Middle Ages. The Greek original, Grēgorios, is a derivative of grēgorein ‘to be awake’, ‘to be watchful’. However, the Latin form, Gregorius, came to be associated by folk etymology with grex, gregis, ‘flock’, ‘herd’, under the influence of the Christian image of the good shepherd. The Greek name was borne in the early Christian centuries by two fathers of the Orthodox Church, St. Gregory Nazianzene (c. 325–390) and St. Gregory of Nyssa (c. 331–395), and later by sixteen popes, starting with Gregory the Great (c. 540–604). It was also the name of 3rd- and 4th-century apostles of Armenia. In North America the English form of the name has absorbed many cognates from other European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
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DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES
DYIRBALIC LANGUAGES