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Infrared open-path gas detectors send out a beam of infrared light, detecting gas anywhere along the path of the beam. This linear 'sensor' is typically
Infrared_open-path_detector
Device to detect the presence or absence of gases
Explosimeter Infrared point sensor Infrared open path detector Flame ionization detector Nondispersive infrared sensor Photoionization detector Zirconium
Gas_detector
Technique to analyze the infrared spectrum of matter
opened up new areas of application. Spectra can be measured in situations where very little energy reaches the detector. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy
Type of smoke detector
detector Gaseous fire suppression Manual call point Passive infrared sensor Smoke detector Fire and Gas Detection and Control in the Process Industry (PDF)
Optical_beam_smoke_detector
Device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire
sensing carbon monoxide. A photoelectric, or optical smoke detector, contains a source of infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light—typically an incandescent
Smoke_detector
mammography Infrared microscopy Infrared multiphoton dissociation Infrared open-path detector Infrared photography Infrared Physics and Technology Infrared point
Index_of_infrared_articles
Point gas detector
An infrared point sensor or point infrared (IR) detector is a type gas detector that uses infrared absorption at specific wavelengths to detect changes
Infrared_point_sensor
Scientific equipment to analyse gas composition using absorption of infrared radiation
aligned infrared source and detector, and are both filled with one of the gases in the sample of air to be analyzed. Lying in the optical path are two
Infrared_gas_analyzer
Measurement of infrared radiation's interaction with matter
Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption
Infrared_spectroscopy
Spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope
finally images the spectra on the detector The end of the Dark Ages – first light and re-ionization: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at spectral resolutions
NIRSpec
Fast, high sensitivity, low noise electronic photon detector
or PMTs for short) are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. They
Photomultiplier_tube
NASA small satellite mission to study exoplanet atmospheres
Technologies. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center provided the infrared detector and detector electronics. The University of Arizona is responsible for mission
Pandora_(spacecraft)
Process of removing land mines
which (ground penetrating radar) has been employed in tandem with metal detectors. Acoustic methods can sense the cavity created by mine casings. Sensors
Demining
System that detects unauthorised entry
wireless door or window contacts as sub-components. The passive infrared (PIR) motion detector is one of the most common sensors found in household and small
Security_alarm
Timing of substance within a medium
may be detected directly (direct time of flight, dToF, e.g., via an ion detector in mass spectrometry) or indirectly (indirect time of flight, iToF, e.g
Time_of_flight
NASA infrared space telescope (2003–2020)
missions capitalizing on the rapid improvements in infrared detector technology. Earlier infrared observations had been made by both space-based and ground-based
Spitzer_Space_Telescope
Telescope in the Atacama Desert, Chile
8-metre (5.9 ft) apertures. The VLT is capable of observing both visible and infrared wavelengths. Each individual telescope can detect objects that are roughly
Very_Large_Telescope
Viewing of objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye
combined with an optical microscope and an infrared detector. The infrared detector can be a single point detector, a linear array or a 2D focal plane array
Microscopy
System that detects and conveys the location of gunfire or other weapon fire
main components: An array of microphones or sensors (accelerometers, infrared detectors, etc) either co-located or geographically dispersed A processing unit
Gunfire_locator
Device measuring ionizing radiation
Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and X-ray spectrometry, and as particle detectors. In semiconductor detectors, ionizing
Semiconductor_detector
NASA/ESA/CSA space telescope launched in 2021
(1978). Infrared Detector Performance In The Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). 1978 Los Angeles Technical Symposium. Utilization of Infrared Detectors
James_Webb_Space_Telescope
ESA space telescope in service 2009–2013
the lead institute. HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared) A heterodyne detector able to electronically separate radiation of different wavelengths
Herschel_Space_Observatory
The number of vehicles passing an area
actuation (e.g. Pneumatic tubes, Piezoelectric, inductive loop detectors, Passive and Active Infrared, Video, Magnetometers, et al.). In 2004, the American private-sector
Traffic_count
using an acoustic bat detector. The range limit depends on the light, surroundings and the night vision of the observer. Infrared imaging enables bats
Bat_species_identification
Pair of telescopes mounted side-by-side
elliptical polarization of the two paths through the prism is different. When the two paths recombine on the retina (or a detector) there is interference between
Binoculars
DC-to-DC power converter with an output voltage greater than its input voltage
the inductor current; off-state In the off-state, the switch is open, and the only path offered to inductor current is through the flyback diode D, the
Boost_converter
Analytical technique based on determining mass to charge ratio of ions
The detector measures the value of an indicator quantity and thus provides data for calculating the abundances of each ion present. Some detectors also
Mass_spectrometry
GRENOUILLE Grating light valve Gravitational wave Gravitational wave detector Gravity laser Guidance system Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket – Laser HDSS
List_of_laser_articles
UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scientific instrument
operate over the wide spectral range of ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelengths (UV/Vis/NIR). This included wavelengths ranging from 185 nanometers
Cary_14_Spectrophotometer
Miniaturized infrared thermal imaging camera manufacturer
2009. The company specializes in the production of consumer-grade thermal infrared imagers, especially tiny thermal cameras. The InfiRay P2 Pro is one of
InfiRay
Type of solid-state switch
relay-replacement circuits, inverter circuits, oscillator circuits, level-detector circuits, chopper circuits, light-dimming circuits, low-cost timer circuits
Thyristor
origin DIRBE – (instrumentation) Diffuse InfraRed Background Experiment, a multiwavelength infrared detector used to map dust emission DISR – (instrumentation)
List_of_astronomy_acronyms
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
Retrieved 8 May 2025. Anthony Cataldo (26 March 2002). "Xilinx looks to ease path to custom FPGAs". EE Times. CMP Media, LLC. Archived from the original on
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
NASA mission to fly by eight asteroids
(DLATGS) pyroelectric detector. L'TES has only small differences from the heritage instrument including removing a potential stray light path by modifying the
Lucy_(spacecraft)
Electronic component
value of optically coupling a solid state light emitter to a semiconductor detector for the purpose of electrical isolation was recognized in 1963 by Akmenkalns
Opto-isolator
Earth observation mission
includes: Multi-spectral data with 13 bands in the visible, near infrared, and short wave infrared part of the spectrum Systematic global coverage of land surfaces
Sentinel-2
Electrical component that can break an electrical circuit
contacts that open and close in unison via the same mechanism. The number of "throws" is the number of separate wiring path choices other than "open" that the
Switch
Optical telescope dedicated to observing the Sun
Spectro-Polarimeter for Infrared and Optical Regions performs achromatic lens Stokes polarimetry across several visible and infrared spectral regions. Completed
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope
Richard_B._Dunn_Solar_Telescope
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
created to allow a path always to exist from the output to either the power source or ground. To accomplish this, the set of all paths to the voltage source
CMOS
Gas-filled tube, electrical switch, rectifier
small amount of argon gas to increase its sensitivity as a radio signal detector, and the German LRS relay tube, which also contained argon gas. Gas rectifiers
Thyratron
Vacuum tube which generates high-frequency radio waves
"State-of-the-Art of High-Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers". Journal of Infrared. 41 (1): 1. Bibcode:2020JIMTW..41....1T. doi:10.1007/s10762-019-00631-y
Gyrotron
Method of spatial measurement using laser
wavelengths than conventional silicon detectors, which operate at visual wavelengths. New technologies for infrared single-photon counting lidar are advancing
Lidar
Device that controls current between electrodes
used earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter and crystal detector for radio or mechanical and electromechanical computers, the invention
Vacuum_tube
American physicist
US Patent and Trademark Office Patent 3014369: Atmospheric Infrared Radiation Detector, US Patent and Trademark Office Ruttenberg, Stanley. "US Program
Edward_P._Ney
Chemical compound
frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows. GaAs
Gallium_arsenide
Imaging molecules within living patients
Detection of this gas occurs via a gamma camera—which is a scintillation detector consisting of a collimator, a NaI crystal, and a set of photomultiplier
Molecular_imaging
Measurement device
plane transverse to the beam propagation path. Since there are many types of lasers—ultraviolet, visible, infrared, continuous wave, pulsed, high-power,
Laser_beam_profiler
Electronic component
grain-boundary junctions, which leads to the failure of dominant current paths under thermal stress when the energy in a transient pulse (normally measured
Varistor
AMD computing architecture
the research about programmability, releasing, as an open source tool, Riallto. On a similar path, at the end of 2023, early 2024, AMD announced the XDNA
AI_engine
Branch of astronomy using gravitational waves
Similar to electromagnetic radiation (such as light wave, radio wave, infrared radiation and X-rays) which involves transport of energy via propagation
Gravitational-wave_astronomy
European space observatory for astrometry (2013–2025)
readiness level of near-infrared time delay and integration detectors but recent progress with Avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs) is overcoming this
Gaia_(spacecraft)
Particle accelerator designed to produce intense x-ray beams
luminous source of wide-band radiation in far infrared wavelength range for some applications, such as far-infrared absorption spectrometry. The primary figure
Synchrotron_light_source
Laser using electron beam in vacuum as gain medium
with wavelengths ranging from microwaves through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, ultraviolet, and X-ray. The first free-electron
Free-electron_laser
Military technology to make personnel and material less visible
satellites, and ground vehicles less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared, sonar and other detection methods. It corresponds to military camouflage
Stealth_technology
Live action magic role-playing game
which players, known as Magi, use an infrared (IR) emitting wand to interact with objects. The first MagiQuest opened in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at
MagiQuest
Used to measure spectral components of light
plasma. The particles and ions then emit radiation that is measured by detectors (photomultiplier tubes) at different characteristic wavelengths. As protons
Spectrometer
Device for generating microwaves
In this case, the electrons follow a curved path between the cathode and anode. The curvature of the path can be controlled by varying either the magnetic
Cavity_magnetron
Technical branch of intelligence gathering
which radiation currently impinges on the detector. The swath width is the distance, centered on the sensor path, from which signal will be captured in a
Measurement and signature intelligence
Measurement_and_signature_intelligence
First spacecraft to visit Mercury (1973–1975)
particles. The infrared radiometer contained a pair of Cassegrain telescopes fixed at an angle of 120° to each other and a pair of detectors made from antimony-bismuth
Mariner_10
Central computer component that executes instructions
process in one operation, which is commonly called word size, bit width, data path width, integer precision, or integer size. A CPU's integer size determines
Central_processing_unit
electrodes. The heavy main electrodes are for the high current switching path, and a smaller third electrode serves as the trigger. During normal operation
Trigatron
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
parity bit or other error management method can be inserted into the signal path. These schemes help the system detect errors, and then either correct the
Digital_electronics
Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Venus
week into flight. Infrared spectrometer Ultraviolet spectrometer Micrometeorite detectors 2 Ion traps Magnetometer Cosmic ray Detector Spaceflight portal
Tyazhely_Sputnik
Type of portable robot
reactive tape. The AGVs are equipped with ultraviolet light emitters and detectors. The control system for the vehicle identifies the stripe on the floor
Automated_guided_vehicle
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm
radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves but longer than infrared waves. Its wavelength ranges from about one meter to one millimeter, corresponding
Microwave
Process for digital management of built assets
clients) to plan, sequence the physical activities, visualise the critical path of a series of events, mitigate the risks, report and monitor progress of
Building_information_modeling
Gunship aircraft series by Lockheed
navigation set Raytheon AN/AAQ-26 Infrared Detecting Set (IDS) – long-wave infrared (LWIR) band Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) (mounted forward of the nose
Lockheed_AC-130
American space program to study Jupiter (1989–2003)
plasma-wave detector, a high-energy particle detector, a cosmic and Jovian dust detector, and a heavy ion counter. There was a near-infrared mapping spectrometer
Galileo_project
Underground heat exchanger loop that can capture or dissipate heat to or from the ground
by numerous internal walls to form a labyrinthine air path. Maximising the length of the air path ensures a better heat transfer effect. The construction
Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger
American stealth air superiority fighter
electronic warfare system, Martin Marietta AN/AAR-56 infrared and ultraviolet Missile Launch Detector (MLD), Westinghouse/Texas Instruments AN/APG-77 active
Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor
Information storage technology
hyper-entangled photons (photons that are linked in both their physical path and the direction of their light wave's vibration), quantum holography can
Electronic_quantum_holography
NASA orbiter mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres (2007–2018)
about 70 K spans the spectrum from 0.95 to 5.0 μm. Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRaND) – This instrument is based on similar instruments flown on the
Dawn_(spacecraft)
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
uses an infrared LED to relay commands from a remote control to the air conditioner. The output of the infrared LED (like that of any infrared remote)
Air_conditioning
of the monochromator, and the noise of the detector. The above equation demonstrates that the effective path length is (1-R)−1 times longer than that of
Incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy
Incoherent_broad-band_cavity-enhanced_absorption_spectroscopy
Technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
Cross ventilation is most effective when there are clear, unobstructed paths for airflow within the building. In more complex schemes, warm air is allowed
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
The sharp tip (4) is fixed to the free end of the cantilever (1). The detector (5) records the deflection and motion of the cantilever (1). The sample
Atomic_force_microscopy
Device used to produce electricity from light
producing solar power, they can be used as a photodetector (for example infrared detectors), to detect light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible
Solar_cell
2021 NASA planetary defense mission
and near infrared). A commercial off-the-shelf CMOS detector was used instead of a custom charge-coupled device in LORRI. DRACO's detector performance
Double Asteroid Redirection Test
Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test
American anti-tank missile
bright infrared lamp on the back of the missile and comparing that to the line-of-sight of the gunsight. The sights could also be equipped with infrared cameras
BGM-71_TOW
Ever since suitable detectors became available, most optical telescopes at high-altitudes have been able to image at infrared wavelengths. Some telescopes
History_of_the_telescope
Intergovernmental observatory in Chile
objects. Other instruments used are GROND (Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Near-Infrared Detector), which seeks the afterglow of gamma-ray bursts—the most powerful
European_Southern_Observatory
Instrument for measuring wind speed
near where the beam exits reflect, or backscatter, the light back into a detector, where it is measured relative to the original laser beam. When the particles
Anemometer
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
and detector for measuring the quantity and depth of hydrogen or ice and water at or near the Martian surface. The instrument consists of the detector element
Curiosity_(rover)
2008 asteroid-type meteoroid
The calculated total impact energy was 1 kilotons of TNT. Infrasound detector arrays in Kenya also detected a sound wave from the direction of the expected
2008_TC3
Non-mathematical introduction
in the visible range. The lowest frequencies above visible colors are infrared light, which also gives off heat. Continuous wave theories of light and
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Type of klystron for generating low intensity microwaves
However, this was not terribly successful, and the crystal diodes used as detectors frequently burned out as the signal bled through or around the disk. A
Sutton_tube
Communication using light sent through free space
using infrared (IR) light. This is known as consumer IR technologies. Free-space point-to-point optical links can be implemented using infrared laser
Free-space optical communication
Free-space_optical_communication
Insulation material
of any known substance (short of a vacuum), and carbon aerogel absorbs infrared radiation (i.e., heat from sun rays) while still allowing daylight to enter
Building_insulation_material
Form of electromagnetic radiation
wavelengths; thus, a fire detector that operates using both UV and IR detectors is more reliable than one with a UV detector alone. Virtually all fires
Ultraviolet
Naval helicopter series of the H-60/S-70 family
package including the ALQ-144 Infrared Jammer, AVR-2 Laser Detectors, APR-39(V)2 Radar Detectors, AAR-47 Missile Launch Detectors and ALE-47 chaff/flare dispensers
Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk
Concept in physics
carefully designing the building's structure, orientation and ventilation paths, architects can leverage the stack effect to reduce reliance on mechanical
Stack_effect
Special purpose heat exchanger
relationship between the physical size of the unit, in particular the air path distance, and the spacing of the plates. For an equal air pressure drop through
Recuperator
Device used to regulate and circulate air as part of an HVAC system
Heat exchanger: A sandwich of plastic or metal plates with interlaced air paths. Heat is transferred between airstreams from one side of the plate to the
Air_handler
Machine transforming a liquid into a gas
the concentrated liquid. The steam follows a co-current, counter-current path with the liquid. The concentrate and the vapor are fed into the separation
Evaporator
Damp proofing material in sheet form
barrier on the warm side of the envelope must be combined with a venting path on the cold side of the insulation. This is because no vapor barrier is perfect
Vapor_barrier
Weather phenomenon involving electrostatic discharge
Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instruments which are near-infrared optical transient detectors that can detect the momentary changes in an optical scene
Lightning
NASA spacecraft (2006–present)
is operating periodically to make dust measurements. It consists of a detector panel, about 460 mm × 300 mm (18 in × 12 in), mounted on the anti-solar
New_Horizons
Closed vessel in which fluid is heated
The furnace can be situated at one end of a fire-tube which lengthens the path of the hot gases, thus augmenting the heating surface which can be further
Boiler
Management strategy for global warming
heat gain and strong in longwave infrared (LWIR) thermal radiation heat transfer matching the atmosphere's infrared window (8–13 μm). This allows the
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
between excitation and emission and a NIR-sensitive detector must be used. Standard silicon detectors can also be used if monochiral SWCNTs (extractable
Carbon_nanotube
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