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Type of electric propulsion system
propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET, sometimes referred to as a Hall thruster or Hall-current thruster) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant
Hall-effect_thruster
Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
with ion thrusters that had been attached to the exterior of the spacecraft. An alternate form of electric propulsion, the Hall-effect thruster, was studied
Ion_thruster
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
A Hall effect sensor (also known as a Hall sensor or Hall probe) is any sensor based on the Hall effect (named after physicist Edwin Hall), in which a
Hall_effect_sensor
Type of spacecraft propulsion using electrical energy to accelerate propellant
engines, Hall-effect thrusters, and colloid thrusters; electromagnetic devices such as pulsed plasma thrusters, magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, and pulsed
Spacecraft electric propulsion
Spacecraft_electric_propulsion
Type of electric propulsion
Hall-effect thruster aboard the Tacsat-2 satellite. The thruster was the satellite's main propulsion system. The company launched another Hall-effect
Plasma_propulsion_engine
Electromagnetic effect in physics
with current and Hall-voltage connections" Understanding and Applying the Hall Effect Hall Effect Thrusters Alta Space Hall effect calculators Interactive
Hall_effect
Space propulsion system
The gridded ion thruster is a common design for ion thrusters, a highly efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion method running on electrical power
Gridded_ion_thruster
Spacecraft propulsion device
ponderomotive force Electrostatic ion thruster, using high-voltage electrodes Hall effect thruster, a type of ion thruster Ion thruster, using beams of ions accelerated
Thrusters_(spacecraft)
Spacecraft propulsion technology
by SITAEL in collaboration with ESA, is based on a double-stage Hall-effect thruster (RAM-HET) designed to operate using rarefied atmospheric gases at
Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion
Atmosphere-breathing_electric_propulsion
Space propulsion system, a gridded electrostatic ion thruster
ion thruster powered by 22 m2 of solar arrays generating ~3.5 kW. Spaceflight portal Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion Hall effect thruster, a
NEXT_(ion_thruster)
Topics referred to by the same term
electrically Hall-effect thruster, a type of ion thruster Pulsed inductive thruster, a pulsed form of ion thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, electric
Thruster
Form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion
reached a thruster efficiency of 61.99% in 2019, corresponding to a specific impulse of Isp = 4665 s and 2.75 N of thrust. Hall effect thruster – Type of
Magnetoplasmadynamic_thruster
Type of propulsion for spacecraft
PPTs as opposed to other forms of electric propulsion such as Hall-effect ion thrusters. On July 11, 2024 Howe Industries announced that it had contracted
Pulsed_plasma_thruster
Spacecraft propulsion system by NASA. 50kW Hall-effect thrusters, now for Lunar Gateway
electric power for its Hall-effect thrusters for maneuverability, which can be supported by chemical monopropellant thrusters for high-thrust attitude
Advanced Electric Propulsion System
Advanced_Electric_Propulsion_System
Propulsion system creating motion without propellant
thrusters such as the EmDrive and Cannae drive, the helical engine, Mach-effect or MEGA drives, quantum drive claims, and the quantum vacuum thruster
Reactionless_drive
Type of spacecraft propulsion system
1867 in 1987, using the TOPAZ nuclear reactor and a "Plazma-2 SPT" Hall-effect thruster. The TEM project started in 2009 with the goal of powering a Mars
Nuclear_electric_rocket
American spacecraft propulsion company
Hall thruster flown in space, Busek's BHT-200, was launched aboard the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) TacSat-2 satellite. The Busek thruster was
Busek
Space navigation technique
maneuver") can add the Oberth effect to the gravity slingshot effect, producing a larger change in orbital velocity than either effect by itself. A rotating black
Gravity_assist
Type of rocket engine
A cold gas thruster (or a cold gas propulsion system) is a type of rocket engine which uses the expansion of a (typically inert) pressurized gas to generate
Cold_gas_thruster
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Bussard_ramjet
Method used to accelerate spacecraft
although a few have used electric propulsion such as ion thrusters and Hall-effect thrusters. Various technologies need to support everything from small
Spacecraft_propulsion
Reconnaissance NASA mission of the main belt asteroid 16 Psyche
31, 2031, spending 817 days in orbit. Psyche uses solar-powered Hall-effect thrusters for propulsion and orbital maneuvering, the first interplanetary
Psyche_(spacecraft)
Proposed spacelaunch method
reach orbit. Well under a tenth of orbital velocity from a small rocket thruster is enough to raise perigee if a design prioritizes minimizing such, but
Mass_driver
Device claimed to be a propellantless spacecraft thruster
Direct impulse Casimir effect Crookes radiometer Dean drive Helical engine Quantum vacuum thruster Reactionless drive Unruh effect White–Juday interferometer
EmDrive
Method of spacecraft propulsion
900 °C, specific impulse could be doubled in comparison to a cold gas thruster using the same propellant. In other words, a quadrupling of the temperature
Resistojet_rocket
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
ratio on top of the tankage and pump savings.[citation needed] The overall effect is that there is surprisingly little difference in overall performance between
Single-stage-to-orbit
Rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Solid-propellant_rocket
Rocket that burns 3 propellants at once or 2 fuels with an oxidizer, sequentially
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Tripropellant_rocket
Physical and science fiction concept
aircraft companies and the military. He coined the names Biefeld–Brown effect and electrogravitics in conjunction with his devices. Brown tested his asymmetrical
Anti-gravity
Russian-made Hall effect xenon ion spacecraft thruster
SPT-140 is a solar-powered Hall-effect ion thruster, part of the SPT-family of thrusters. SPT stands for Stationary Plasma Thruster. Like other members of
SPT-140
American aerospace propulsion manufacturer
the University of Michigan, NASA, and the Air Force. The X3 is a Hall-effect thruster operating at over 100 kW of power. During the demonstration, it broke
Aerojet_Rocketdyne
Conceptual rocket engine
expand through the magnetic nozzle and beyond, and thus, function as an ion thruster. The construction of the experimental research device and most of its early
Direct_Fusion_Drive
American aerospace company
enabled Astra to continue development of a spacecraft engine using a Hall-effect thruster (HET), known as the Astra Spacecraft Engine. Astra sells these spacecraft
Astra (American spaceflight company)
Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)
Proposed rocket propulsion mechanism
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Nuclear_salt-water_rocket
Rocket engine operation method
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Staged_combustion_cycle
Ion thruster subtype
A colloid thruster (or electrospray thruster) is a type of low thrust electric propulsion rocket engine that uses electrostatic acceleration of charged
Colloid_thruster
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Het or HET may refer to: Hall-effect thruster, a type of ion thruster used for spacecraft propulsion Heavy Equipment Transporter
Het
ST-100 Hall-effect Thruster(s), Xenon storage and feed system and power processing unit. Hall-Effect Thrusters The ST-25 Hall-Effect Thruster is marked
SETS_(company)
Ion thruster used by spacecraft and satellites
PPS-1350 is a Hall-effect thruster, a kind of ion propulsion system for spacecraft. It was used in the SMART-1 mission to the moon and one geostationary
PPS-1350
David; Benavides, Gabriel (2010). "Advances in Microcavity Discharge Thruster Technology". 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit
List of spacecraft manufacturers
List_of_spacecraft_manufacturers
Type of rocket engine fuel
and reaction control thrusters: Apollo command and service module RCS, Space Shuttle OMS and RCS; Ariane 5 EPS; Draco thrusters used by the SpaceX Dragon
Hypergolic_propellant
Series of American military communications satellites
operational orbit over the course of nine months using the 0.27 Newton Hall thrusters, also provided by Aerojet Rocketdyne, a form of electric propulsion
Advanced Extremely High Frequency
Advanced_Extremely_High_Frequency
Rocket driven by nuclear fusion power
fusion instead of direct thrust. Spacecraft propulsion methods such as ion thrusters require electric power to run but are highly efficient. In some cases
Fusion_rocket
Liquid form of rocket propellants
Anflo, K.; Moore, S.; King, P. Expanding the ADN-based Monopropellant Thruster Family. 23rd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. SSC09-II-4
Liquid_rocket_propellant
Electrothermal thruster in development
Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) is an electrothermal thruster under development for possible use in spacecraft propulsion. It uses radio
Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket
Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket
Proposed nuclear-powered spacecraft
four 6 kilowatt (kW) Hall-effect thrusters built by Busek and three 12 kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System Hall-effect thrusters developed by NASA and
Space_Reactor‑1_Freedom
Indian aerospace company
ionizes the gas using radio waves and then accelerates it using a Hall-effect thruster. In order to balance the combination of passive and active compression
Bellatrix_Aerospace
Type of rocket engine which uses liquid fuel stored at very low temperatures
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Cryogenic_rocket_engine
Spacecraft thrusters used to provide attitude control and translation
orbit) use high-specific impulse engines such as arcjets, ion thrusters, or Hall effect thrusters. To control orientation, a few spacecraft, including the
Reaction_control_system
Rocket engine operation method
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Gas-generator_cycle
Hypothetical spacecraft propulsion through continuous nuclear explosions for thrust
pulse propulsion Antimatter rocket Spacecraft electric propulsion Ion thruster Nuclear electric rocket Nuclear power in space Nuclear propulsion Nuclear
Nuclear_pulse_propulsion
Rocket engine that uses liquid fuels and oxidizers
orbital maneuvering system (OMS) engines and Reaction control system (RCS) thrusters. SpaceX's Draco and SuperDraco engines for the Dragon spacecraft. For
Liquid-propellant_rocket
Electrohydrodynamic aircraft propulsion
Biefeld–Brown effect – Force observed on an asymmetric capacitor Hall-effect thruster – Type of electric propulsion system Ion thruster – Form of electric
Ion-propelled_aircraft
Change in velocity per amount of fuel
methods, such as ion thrusters, give much higher specific impulse but with much lower thrust; for example the Hall-effect thruster on the SMART-1 satellite
Specific_impulse
American space research laboratory
stainless-steel clad tank is utilized for Hall effect thruster, electrostatic ion thruster, magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, and arcjet testing as well as space
Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory
Plasmadynamics_and_Electric_Propulsion_Laboratory
Space propulsion system, electrostatic gridded ion thruster
Propulsion System – Spacecraft propulsion system by NASA. 50kW Hall-effect thrusters, now for Lunar Gateway "NASA Solar Electric Propulsion Technology
NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness
NASA_Solar_Technology_Application_Readiness
The electrodeless plasma thruster is a spacecraft propulsion engine commercialized under the acronym "E-IMPAcT" for "Electrodeless-Ionization Magnetized
Electrodeless_plasma_thruster
Prototype spacecraft propulsion engine
The helicon double-layer thruster is a prototype electric spacecraft propulsion. It was created by Australian scientist Christine Charles, based on a technology
Helicon_double-layer_thruster
Reusable robotic spaceplane used by US military since 2010
research. The U.S. Air Force has stated that the X-37B is testing a Hall-effect thruster system for Aerojet Rocketdyne. In July 2019, former United States
Boeing_X-37
Type of spacecraft electric propulsion system
An arcjet rocket or arcjet thruster is a form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, in which an electrical discharge (arc) is created in a flow
Arcjet_rocket
Type of electric spacecraft propulsion system
(FEEP) is an advanced electrostatic space propulsion concept, a form of ion thruster, that uses a liquid metal as a propellant – usually either caesium, indium
Field-emission electric propulsion
Field-emission_electric_propulsion
with electric space propulsion. This includes both cruise engines and/or thrusters for altitude and orbit control. It is not specified whether the given
List of spacecraft with electric propulsion
List_of_spacecraft_with_electric_propulsion
Type of nuclear propulsion method with an ultra high specific-inpulse
and Associated Equipment. 564 (1): 48–485. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.04.029. Hall, Loura; Weed, Ryan (9 January 2023). "Aerogel Core Fission Fragment Rocket
Fission-fragment_rocket
Earth observation microsatellite
satellite control center, the technological mission and payload (Israeli Hall effect Thruster and autonomous mission), the spacecraft, and the launcher interface
VENμS
Rocket engine that uses both liquid / gaseous and solid fuel
seemed to have exploded soon after. This explosion was added for dramatic effect as neither Reliant Robins nor hybrid rocket motors explode in the way depicted
Hybrid-propellant_rocket
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
solar sail has also been proposed to be addressed with a solar photon thruster. This also uses a reflective membrane, but unlike a conventional solar
Solar_sail
Nuclear spacecraft propulsion technology
commissioned a consortium of companies to conduct a study on electric thrusters powered by nuclear energy, known as nuclear electric propulsion. The study
Nuclear_thermal_rocket
Rocket flight
Force did reveal that the X-37 would be carrying an experimental hall-effect thruster for testing ahead of potential use in future AEHF satellites. Additionally
OTV-4
State of matter
different kinetics of reactions and formation of complex nanomaterials. Hall-effect thruster Solar plasma Plasma spraying Plasma in a tokamak Laboratory plasma
Plasma_(physics)
A vacuum arc thruster (VAT) is a form of electric spacecraft propulsion. It uses a vacuum arc discharge, across an insulator, between two electrodes to
Vacuum_arc_thruster
Class of liquid rocket propellants
major classes of rocket fuels are: A common fuel in small maneuvering thrusters is hydrazine. It is liquid at room temperature and, having a positive
Nitrous_oxide_fuel_blend
Proposed nuclear pulse propulsion through antimatter-catalyzed nuclear chain reactions
device, and a neutron bomb forms. In both cases the electromagnetic pulse effect and the radioactive fallout are substantially lower than that of a conventional
Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion
Antimatter-catalyzed_nuclear_pulse_propulsion
Dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a propelled vehicle
engines include jet engines, rocket engines, pump-jets, Hall-effect thrusters, and ion thrusters, among others. These generate thrust by expelling mass
Thrust-to-weight_ratio
SpaceX satellite Internet constellation
satellites use Hall-effect thrusters with krypton or argon gas as the reaction mass for orbit raising and station keeping. Krypton Hall thrusters tend to exhibit
Starlink
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
electricity include the arcjet rocket, the electrostatic ion thruster, the Hall-effect thruster, and Field Emission Electric Propulsion. Electric vehicles
Electric_vehicle
Rocket that uses a single propellant with a catalyst
storable propellant after passing it over a catalyst bed. The power for the thruster comes from the high pressure gas created during the decomposition reaction
Monopropellant_rocket
American engineer
Technology, an aerospace company based in Houghton, MI, specializing in Hall-effect thrusters. He is also the CEO of Aerophysics Inc, a company based in Allouez
Lyon_Bradley_King
Rocket engine operation method
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Expander_cycle
Type of engine
rocket engines, pump-jets, and more uncommon variations such as Hall effect thrusters, ion drives, mass drivers, and nuclear pulse propulsion. The discovery
Reaction_engine
Amazon satellite constellation and internet service
630 km (390 mi) orbital altitude. The satellites are equipped with Hall-effect thruster technology. Phase 1 of deployment will be 578 satellites at 630 km
Amazon_Leo
Mechanism where confined high-speed particles confer energy to a vehicle
to thermal rockets, photonic thrusters, and light sails. In contrast, a pulsed beam lends itself to ablative thrusters and pulse detonation engines.
Beam-powered_propulsion
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Plasma_magnet
Type of solar sail
190–195. Bibcode:2021AcAau.187..190D. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.06.036. Hall, Loura (8 April 2019). "Diffractive Lightsails". NASA. Retrieved 9 February
Diffractive_solar_sail
Hypothetical type of spacecraft
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Nuclear_lightbulb
Rocket engine that uses photons to propel a spacecraft
to overcome the inherent inefficiency in producing thrust of the photon thruster by amplifying the momentum transfer of photons by recycling photons between
Nuclear_photonic_rocket
Propulsion concepts and technologies
electrostatic propulsion, the first laboratory electric thruster was electrothermal and the first electric thruster to ever fly in space was of the pulsed (mostly
Field_propulsion
Type of space propulsion using microwaves
Microwave electrothermal thruster, also known as MET, is a propulsion device that converts microwave energy (a type of electromagnetic radiation) into
Microwave electrothermal thruster
Microwave_electrothermal_thruster
perhaps 1.3 to 1.5 N (0.29 to 0.34 lbf), making them useful only for thrusters. In order to increase the power for medium-duration missions, engines
Radioisotope_rocket
Load bearing cable connecting objects in space
are currently tracked on radar and have predictable orbits. Although thrusters could be used to change the orbit of the system, a tether could also be
Space_tether
Gravity turn — Guidance, navigation and control — Guidance system — Hall-effect thruster — Heat shield — Helicopter — Hohmann transfer orbit — Hybrid rocket
Index of aerospace engineering articles
Index_of_aerospace_engineering_articles
Type of spacecraft plasma propulsion system
A pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is a form of ion thruster, used in spacecraft propulsion. It is a plasma propulsion engine using perpendicular electric
Pulsed_inductive_thruster
Nuclear power to propel a vehicle
1867 in 1987, using the TOPAZ nuclear reactor and a "Plazma-2 SPT" Hall-effect thruster. Project Prometheus, NASA development of nuclear propulsion for long-duration
Nuclear_propulsion
Hypothetical method of spacecraft propulsion
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Fission_sail
Rocket engine power cycle
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Combustion_tap-off_cycle
Rocket engine operation method
temperature fuel. Spacecraft attitude control and orbital maneuvering thrusters are almost universally pressure-fed designs. Examples include the Reaction
Pressure-fed_engine
High efficiency engine for space travel
thruster High Power Electric Propulsion Pulsed plasma thruster Hall-effect thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster Microwave electrothermal thruster Field-emission
Solar_electric_propulsion
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
field. Hall-effect thrusters (based on the discovery by Edwin Hall) are sometimes referred to as Hall thrusters or Hall-current thrusters. Hall-effect thrusters
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Rocket-propelled by exhausted coolant of a gas-cooled nuclear reactor
Electrostatic Colloid thruster Ion thruster Gridded Hall-effect thruster Field-emission electric propulsion Electromagnetic Pulsed inductive thruster Magnetoplasmadynamic
Gas_core_reactor_rocket
Malaysian Aerospace Company
Cryogenic rocket engine Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle (DNLV) Microgravity Experiment Re-entry Capsule (MERCAP) Hall-effect thruster Website independence-x.com
Independence-X_Aerospace
Planned component of a Mars-mission craft
50 kW of solar electric power using Roll Out Solar Arrays for its Hall-effect thrusters, which can be supplemented by chemical propulsion. When ARM was
Power_and_Propulsion_Element
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