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Protein family
Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, donating the electrons to a second substrate, such
Formate_dehydrogenase
Enzyme
Formate dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.33, FDHH, FDH-H, FDH-O, formate dehydrogenase H, formate dehydrogenase O) is an enzyme with systematic name
Formate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
Formate_dehydrogenase_(acceptor)
Salt or ester of formic acid
to estrone. Formate is reversibly oxidized by the enzyme formate dehydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas: HCO−2 → CO2 + H+ + 2 e−. Formate esters have
Formate
Enzyme
In enzymology, a formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.17.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction formate + NADP+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Formate_dehydrogenase_(NADP+)
0.2 mg of selenium. Some microorganisms utilize selenium in formate dehydrogenase. Formate is produced in large amounts in the hepatic (liver cells) mitochondria
Selenium_in_biology
Formate dehydrogenase-N (EC 1.1.5.6, Fdh-N, FdnGHI, nitrate-inducible formate dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase N, FDH-N, nitrate inducible Fdn, nitrate
Formate_dehydrogenase-N
Topics referred to by the same term
Formate dehydrogenases are enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Formate dehydrogenase may also refer to: Formate dehydrogenase
Formate dehydrogenase (disambiguation)
Formate_dehydrogenase_(disambiguation)
Enzyme class
In enzymology, a formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) (EC 1.17.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction formate + ferricytochrome c-553
Formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553)
Formate_dehydrogenase_(cytochrome-c-553)
Type of enzyme
In enzymology, a formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.2.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction formic acid + 2 ferricytochrome b1
Formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
Formate_dehydrogenase_(cytochrome)
Simplest carboxylic acid (HCOOH)
after methanol poisoning, is based on the reaction of formate with bacterial formate dehydrogenase. A major use of formic acid is as a preservative and
Formic_acid
Selenium-containing amino acid
peroxidases, tetraiodothyronine 5′ deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases, selenophosphate synthetase 2, methionine-R-sulfoxide
Selenocysteine
Group of dehydrogenase enzymes
alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) EC 1.2.1.10 and pyruvate-formate-lyase deactivase. Bacterial glycerol dehydrogenase EC 1
Alcohol_dehydrogenase
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
1998). "Selenium-Containing Formate Dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli: A Molybdopterin Enzyme That Catalyzes Formate Oxidation without Oxygen Transfer"
Tungsten
Energy-producing metabolic pathway
different energy sources: formate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, H2 dehydrogenase (hydrogenase), electron
Electron_transport_chain
malate dehydrogenase (quinone) EC 1.1.5.5: alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone) EC 1.1.5.6: formate dehydrogenase-N EC 1.1.5.7: cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)
Species of fungus
can be observed for enzymes called MOX (methanol oxidase), FMDH (formate dehydrogenase), and DHAS (dihydroxyacetone synthase). Their presence is regulated
Ogataea_polymorpha
Medical condition (poisoning)
formaldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase and formaldehyde is converted to formic acid (formate) via aldehyde dehydrogenase. The conversion to formate via ALDH proceeds
Methanol_toxicity
Protein family
In enzymology, a formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase (EC 6.3.4.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate ⇌ {\displaystyle
Formate–tetrahydrofolate ligase
Formate–tetrahydrofolate_ligase
Metabolic pathway
using a strong reducing agent such as formate. These alternative reactions are catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase, respectively
Oxidative_phosphorylation
Microorganisms that use one-carbon compounds as main carbon source
{CO2}}} and excreted. Formaldehyde is oxidized to formate via the action of Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), which provides electrons directly to a membrane
Methylotroph
(formyl-MFR) dehydrogenase is found in methanogenic archaea which are capable of synthesizing methane using substrates such as carbon dioxide, formate, methanol
Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase
Formylmethanofuran_dehydrogenase
Class of enzymes
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a.k.a. glycerone
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycerol-3-phosphate_dehydrogenase
Chemical compound
for electron acceptor/donor in Mo/W containing formate dehydrogenase reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and vice versa. It is a better electron acceptor
Phenanthrenequinone
Rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium
fixation genes as well as formate dehydrogenase and conducting laboratory evolution experiments. This may be done by using formate to reduce electron carriers
Escherichia_coli
Codon that marks the end of a protein-coding sequence
expression of the selenocysteine-containing polypeptide of formate dehydrogenase (formate-hydrogen-lyase-linked) from Escherichia coli". Proceedings of
Stop_codon
Species of archaeon
CH4 + 2 H2O. M. smithii can also use formate as a carbon source by converting it to CO2 via formate dehydrogenase ezymes. It also has an intact pathway
Methanobrevibacter_smithii
Protein spanning across a biological membrane
complex; formate dehydrogenase, respiratory nitrate reductase; succinate - coenzyme Q reductase (fumarate reductase); and succinate dehydrogenase. See electron
Transmembrane_protein
Chemical compound
back into tetrahydrofolate (THF) by formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase or THF and formate by formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase. Voet, Donald (2016)
10-Formyltetrahydrofolate
Genus of archaea
MvhADG–HdrABC) and formate dehydrogenase (molybdopterin-dependent FdhA), which are key but partial components in hydrogen and formate (involved in methane
Promethearchaeum
example, enzyme formate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction of formate and NAD+ to carbon dioxide and NADH. The hydrogen of formate is directly transferred
Position-specific isotope analysis
Position-specific_isotope_analysis
Catalyst participating in electrochemical reactions
insight for the development of synthetic catalysts. For example, formate dehydrogenase, a nickel-containing enzyme, has inspired the development of synthetic
Electrocatalyst
Class of enzymes
which are ultimately provided by a dehydrogenase such as formate dehydrogenase or hydrogenase. These dehydrogenases are responsible for generating a proton
Cytochrome c nitrite reductase
Cytochrome_c_nitrite_reductase
Study of chemical compounds containing carbon-selenium bonds
Stadtman, T.C. (1991). "Catalytic properties of an Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase mutant in which sulfur replaces selenium". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
Organoselenium_chemistry
Heterocyclic ligand that can complex molybdenum to form a Mo-cofactor
monoxide dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase. Prosthetic group of: formate dehydrogenase, purine hydroxylase, thiosulfate reductase. Molybdenum cofactor
Molybdopterin
Proteins with iron-sulfur clusters
Coordination Sphere Effects in Nitrogenase, Hydrogenase, Formate Dehydrogenase, and CO Dehydrogenase". Chemical Reviews. 122 (14): 11900–11973. doi:10.1021/acs
Iron–sulfur_protein
British-American microbiologist and biochemist (1924–2008)
requirement for bacterial growth, specifically the production of formate dehydrogenase in coliform bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli). Following receipt
Jane_Gibson
Protein family
the putative formate uptake permeases (FdhC; TC#s 1.A.16.2.1 and 1.A.16.2.3) of bacteria and archaea associated with formate dehydrogenase comprise cluster
Formate-nitrite_transporter
number of prokaryotic microorganisms. These include formate dehydrogenase, formyl methanofuran dehydrogenase, acetylene hydratase, and a class of phylogenetically
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems
Evolution_of_metal_ions_in_biological_systems
Classification of membrane proteins including ion channels
complex; formate dehydrogenase, respiratory nitrate reductase; succinate - coenzyme Q reductase (fumarate reductase); and succinate dehydrogenase. See electron
Transporter Classification Database
Transporter_Classification_Database
Species of bacterium
F.A.M.; Roze, E.H.A.; Stams, A.J.M. (2002). "Hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 81 (1):
Syntrophobacter_fumaroxidans
Protein family
Yang, Chun-Kai; Gupta, Dipika; Dziarski, Roman (6 February 2020). "Formate dehydrogenase, ubiquinone, and cytochrome bd-I are required for peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan recognition protein
Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein
American chemist and academic
adenosine, as well as for the activation of formate dehydrogenase-catalyzed hydride transfer from formate to nicotinamide riboside by the substrate fragment
John_P._Richard
Swedish biochemist
2024-04-25. Ljungdahl, Lars G.; Andreesen, Jan R. (1978), "[39] Formate dehydrogenase, a selenium-tungsten enzyme from Clostridium thermoaceticum", Biomembranes
Lars_Ljungdahl
German biochemist
with her co-researcher, Martina Pohl, she successfully isolated formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from the yeast "Candida boidinii", enabling manufacturers
Maria-Regina_Kula
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
performs the NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase activity as part of the mitochondrial pathway to convert folate to formate. It is associated with
MTHFD2L
Biochemical conversion of six-carbon sugars into acids in bacteria
enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHE). acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ → acetaldehyde + NAD+ + CoA acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ → ethanol + NAD+ Formate is produced by
Mixed_acid_fermentation
Indian chemist
fixation by [WIVO(S2C2(CN)2)2]2−: functional model for the tungsten-formate dehydrogenase of Clostridium thermoaceticum". Proceedings of the Indian Academy
Sabyasachi_Sarkar
1998). "Selenium-containing formate dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli: a molybdopterin enzyme that catalyzes formate oxidation without oxygen transfer"
O-phosphoseryl-tRNASec_kinase
Species of bacterium
genes coding for formate hydrogenlyase, formate tetrahydrofolate ligase, and formate dehydrogenase, allowing for C. showae's formate metabolism. C. showae
Campylobacter_showae
Class of Asgard archaea
a near complete Wood-Ljungdahl pathway but lacked the genes for formate dehydrogenase. This could be due to having incomplete genomes. "Thorarchaeia"
Thorarchaeia
American scientist (born 1949)
Yue; Yang, Chun-Kai; Gupta, Dipika; Dziarski, Roman (Dec 2020). "Formate dehydrogenase, ubiquinone, and cytochrome bd-I are required for peptidoglycan
Roman_Dziarski
Chemical compound
conversions between pyruvate and acetyl-CoA are possible. For example, pyruvate formate lyase disproportionates pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and formic acid. At low
Acetyl-CoA
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and formaldehyde is converted to formic acid (formate) via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The conversion to formate via ALDH
Methanol
Species of fungus
mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, transketolase, peroxidase, catalase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and 14-3-3
Curvularia_pallescens
Species of bacterium
lacks NiFe hydrogenase (hyaB) and formate dehydrogenase genes (fdhA), indicating that it cannot grow with H2 or formate, distinguishing it from other Thermocrinis
Thermocrinis_jamiesonii
Kowalczyk DA, Shan Y, Yang CK, Gupta D, Dziarski R (February 2020). "Formate dehydrogenase, ubiquinone, and cytochrome bd-I are required for peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 4
Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein_4
Chemical compound
substrate for 5α-reductase and is a poor substrate for 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), and therefore shows a high ratio of anabolic to androgenic
Drostanolone
Chemical compound
afford the 4,4-dimethyl derivative. Formylation with alkoxide and methyl formate leads to the 2-hydroxymethyl derivative. Reaction of this last with hydroxylamine
Azastene
Chemical compound
cephalosporin antibiotic. The clinically used form of cefamandole is the formate ester cefamandole nafate, a prodrug which is administered parenterally
Cefamandole
Biological process that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products
acetate, succinate, formate, CO2, and H2 2,3-butanediol fermentation by Enterobacter producing ethanol, butanediol, lactate, formate, CO2, and H2 Grapes
Ethanol_fermentation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
aldehyde dehydrogenase family and is responsible for formate oxidation in vivo. Deficiencies in this gene can result in an accumulation of formate and subsequent
ALDH1L1
Set of biochemical reactions used by some bacteria
enzymes participate on the carbon monoxide side of the pathway: CO dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase. The former catalyzes the reduction of the CO2
Wood–Ljungdahl_pathway
activities, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (1.5.1.5), methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (3.5.4.9) and formate–tetrahydrofolate ligase (6.3.4.3)
MTHFD1
Organic chemical compound
produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and is a contributing cause of hangover after alcohol consumption. Pathways
Acetaldehyde
Colloquial expression
with severity of hangover and methanol metabolism to the highly toxic formate via formaldehyde coincides with the rate of appearance of hangover symptoms
Hair_of_the_dog
Organic compound (CH2=CHCH2OH)
with oxalic or formic acids to give (respectively) dioxalin or glyceric formate, either of which decarboxylate and dehydrate to allylol. Allyl alcohols
Allyl_alcohol
Chemical compound
dehydrogenase. 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + NAD+ H2O H+ H2O H+ (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxymuconic acid + NADH It is also degraded into formate and
2-Hydroxymuconate semialdehyde
2-Hydroxymuconate_semialdehyde
Species of bacterium
sources. Methane oxidation products include methanol, formaldehyde, and formate. All of these products can be used by autotrophic methanogens. Marina G
Methylomonas_scandinavica
the pyruvate oxidation step where pyruvate formate lyase is employed in Figure 1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase employed in Figure 2. The additional NADH generated
Succinic_acid_fermentation
Biosynthesis of acetic acid by prokaryotes
the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway requires an electron source (e.g., H2, CO, formate, etc.). When acetogens are grown autotrophically, they synthesize acetic
Acetogenesis
657.180 – formate dehydrogenases MeSH D08.811.682.657.350 – ketone oxidoreductases MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.750 – ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex MeSH D08
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)
Metabolic pathway
formyl-CoA (in turn later broken down into formate and eventually CO2). Pristanal is oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically ALDH3A2) to form pristanic
Alpha_oxidation
Species of bacterium
fermentation, as the fermentation products include acetate, ethanol, and formate. In defined and minimal media, the preferred glucose fermentation product
Clostridium_scindens
British biochemist (1885–1948)
lactic dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. In the 1930s, she continued to work with Stickland and demonstrated that a particular enzyme, formate hydrogen
Marjory_Stephenson
Enzyme involved in estrogen production
group as formate and aromatization of the A-ring. Androstenedione + 3O2 + 3NADPH + 3H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } Estrone + Formate + 4H2O +
Aromatase
Class of enzymes
asymmetrical. All three monomers within the asymmetrical region contain a formate molecule within their respective actives sites. Only one of the monomers
Methylglyoxal_synthase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in humans is encoded by the MTHFD1L gene (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like). One-carbon substituted forms of tetrahydrofolate
MTHFD1L
Class of chemical compounds; intensely colorful dyes
chromogenic products obtained by reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases and reductases. They have a variety of colors from dark blue to deep
Formazan
and fatty acid oxidation. It also induces the expression of Pyruvate formate lyase.[citation needed] One of the major genes controlled is the sdh-lacZ
Arc_system
Organic compound, industrial chemical
oxidation is increased in the same system, due to the formation of active formate ions. The authors conclude that "parent amines, if present in ammonium-based
N,N-Diethylmethylamine
Species of bacterium
codes for the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase which, along with alcohol dehydrogenase already present in the bacteria allow it to produce ethanol. The bacteria
Raoultella_planticola
and NADH dehydrogenase II. It acts as a positive regulator of genes expressed under anaerobic fermentative conditions such as aspartase, formate hydrogenase
FNR_regulon
Simplest dicarboxylic acid. (COOH)2
sulfuric acid. Oxalic acid can also be formed by the heating of sodium formate in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.[better source needed] Although
Oxalic_acid
Chemical compound
mitochondrial metabolic activity. Usually, in the presence of NADPH dehydrogenase or NADH dehydrogenase as the enzyme, NADPH or NADH is the reductant that converts
Resazurin
Chemical compound and essential nutrient
pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (also called α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA
Thiamine
Chemical compound
hydrolase catalyses the conversion of N-benzylformamide into benzylamine with formate as a by-product. Benzylamine is degraded biologically by the action of
Benzylamine
Amino acid
degradation. Sarcosine is metabolized to glycine by the enzyme sarcosine dehydrogenase, while glycine-N-methyltransferase generates sarcosine from glycine
Sarcosine
Metabolic reaction
reversibly interconverts ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate (EC 6.3.4.3). In working skeletal muscles and the brain
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Substrate-level_phosphorylation
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
of CO2 to a methyl residue bound to a cofactor. The intermediates are formate for bacteria and formyl-methanofuran for archaea, and also the carriers
Biological_carbon_fixation
Organic compound
subsequent oxidation of acetaldehyde into acetate is performed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes. A mutation in the ALDH2 gene that encodes for an inactive
Ethanol
Family of bacteria
S-formylglutathione hydrolase, aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, epimerase, membrane protein, formate dehydrogenylase (subunit 7), glutathione S-transferase
Enterobacteriaceae
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
that ... acetyl-CoA pathway [chemicals used in anaerobic respiration] formate, methanol, acetyl moieties, and even pyruvate arise spontaneously ... from
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Chemical compound
; Fukuto, J. M. (1995). "Prodrugs of Nitroxyl as Potential Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors vis-a-vis Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxants". J. Med. Chem
Nitroxyl
Type of microorganism that produces methane as a waste product
are known to produce methane from substrates such as H2/CO2, acetate, formate, methanol and methylamines in a process called methanogenesis. Different
Methanogen
Conversion of a carbonyl to an amine
done catalytically in one-pot under mild conditions. In biochemistry, dehydrogenase enzymes use reductive amination to produce the amino acid glutamate
Reductive_amination
Chemical compound
does not inhibit 5α-reductase, aromatase, or 3α- or 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vitro. The drug significantly increases testosterone and estradiol
Zanoterone
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
from the amino acids glycine, glutamine, and aspartic acid, as well as formate transferred from the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate. Pyrimidines, on the other
Metabolism
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde
dimethylglycine dehydrogenases, lipid peroxidases, P450 oxidases, and N-methyl group demethylases. Formaldehyde is catabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase ADH5 and
Formaldehyde
Genus of bacteria
carbon fixation or by consuming organic molecules (glycerol, pyruvate, or formate). New studies also show that Nitrospira can use urea as a source of nutrients
Nitrospira
Chemical compound (CH3CH2CH2COOH)
associated with the transport of short chain fatty acids such as acetate and formate which are then metabolized in the astrocytes [78]. ... SLC5A8 is expressed
Butyric_acid
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