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Selenium-containing amino acid
Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine residues
Selenocysteine
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
acids. Selenocysteine (Sec, U) is a rare amino acid not directly encoded by DNA, but is incorporated into proteins via the ribosome. Selenocysteine has a
Amino_acid
Amino acid that is incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation
(proteinogenic) amino acids, 20 in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 (selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) that can be incorporated by special translation mechanisms
Proteinogenic_amino_acid
Effect of chemical element
as forage, e.g. locoweed. Selenium is a component of the amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is a trace element nutrient
Selenium_in_biology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that
TXNRD1
RNA sequence directing the translation of UGA codons as selenocysteines
In biology, the SECIS element (SECIS: selenocysteine insertion sequence) is an RNA element around 60 nucleotides in length that adopts a stem-loop structure
SECIS_element
The enzyme selenocysteine lyase (SCL) (EC 4.4.1.16) catalyzes the chemical reaction L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Selenocysteine_lyase
Class of enzymes
enzymes contain selenium, in the form of an otherwise rare amino acid selenocysteine. These enzymes are not to be confused with the iodotyrosine deiodinases
Iodothyronine_deiodinase
Type of protein
In molecular biology, a selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine (Sec, U, Se-Cys) amino acid residue. Among functionally characterized
Selenoprotein
Chemical compound
convert selenomethionine into selenocysteine, much like methionine can be converted into cystine. Existence of selenocysteine is enough to trick the cystine-tRNA
Selenomethionine
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, serine, and selenocysteine (considered the 21st amino acid). Pyrrolysine (considered the 22nd amino
Essential_amino_acid
Domesticated species of canid
Of the twenty-one amino acids common to all life forms (including selenocysteine), dogs cannot synthesize ten: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine
Dog
Chemical element with atomic number 34 (Se)
enzymes. This was followed by the discovery of selenocysteine in proteins. During the 1980s, selenocysteine was shown to be encoded by the codon UGA. The
Selenium
Chemical compound
in a high-selenium culture). In plants it is produced by a dedicated selenocysteine methyltransferase. Adding inorganic selenium to the soil increases the
Methylselenocysteine
Rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins
messenger RNA. For example, UGA can code for selenocysteine and UAG can code for pyrrolysine. Selenocysteine came to be seen as the 21st amino acid, and
Genetic_code
Chemical compound
canonical amino acid selenocysteine (HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SeH). The compound can also be prepared synthetically from serine. Because selenocysteine is not easily isolated
Selenocystine
Set of three coordinated amino acids
most commonly a serine or cysteine, but occasionally threonine or even selenocysteine. The 3D structure of the enzyme brings together the triad residues in
Catalytic_triad
Topics referred to by the same term
Space Weather Prediction Center, formerly Space Environment Center Selenocysteine, an amino acid Secondary Electron Conduction Tube, a part of the Apollo
SEC
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
amino acids; but in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis
Protein
Identical electron configuration
isoelectronic also. For example, the amino acids serine, cysteine, and selenocysteine are all valence isoelectronic to each other. They differ by which specific
Isoelectronicity
Chemical compound
HTeCH2CH(NH2)CO2H. It is the heavy analogue of serine, cysteine, and selenocysteine. Tellurol (RTeH) is a rare and fragile functional group, especially
Tellurocysteine
Chemical compound
acid building blocks. Two unusual genetically encoded amino acids are selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. Pyrrolysine was discovered in 2002 at the active site
Pyrrolysine
Type of diet
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
Healthy_diet
Enzyme family
catalyze release of iodine directly from the thyronine hormones. They are selenocysteine-dependent membrane proteins with a catalytic domain resembling peroxiredoxins
Deiodinase
Experiment testing the origin of life
Histidine Yes Lysine Yes Asparagine Yes Pyrrolysine Yes Proline Yes Glutamine Yes Arginine Yes Threonine Yes Selenocysteine Yes Tryptophan Yes Tyrosine Yes
Miller–Urey_experiment
Codon that marks the end of a protein-coding sequence
codons to amino acids. In 1986, convincing evidence was provided that selenocysteine (Sec) was incorporated co-translationally. Moreover, the codon partially
Stop_codon
Study of chemical compounds containing carbon-selenium bonds
raw garlic. Indeed, organoselenium compounds have a terrible smell. Selenocysteine, called the twenty-first amino acid, is essential for ribosome-directed
Organoselenium_chemistry
Amino acids not naturally encoded in the genome
element for selenocysteine, UAG PYLIS downstream sequence for pyrrolysine. All other amino acids are termed "non-proteinogenic". Selenocysteine. This amino
Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids
High-fat dietary therapy for epilepsy
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
Ketogenic_diet
Proteinogenic amino acid
the atomic numbers of atoms near the asymmetric carbon, cysteine (and selenocysteine) have R chirality, because of the presence of sulfur (or selenium) as
Cysteine
Selenocysteine biosynthesis enzyme
L-selenocysteinyl-tRNASel synthase, L-selenocysteinyl-tRNASec synthase selenocysteine synthase, cysteinyl-tRNASec-selenium transferase, and cysteinyl-tRNASec-selenium
L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase
L-seryl-tRNASec_selenium_transferase
American brand of meal replacement products
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
Soylent_(meal_replacement)
American diet supplement company
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
SlimFast
Topics referred to by the same term
units, for which the symbol U is sometimes used U, the abbreviation for selenocysteine, an uncommon amino acid containing selenium u, the alternative abbreviation
U_(disambiguation)
Protein ranking for human nutrition
asparginine, and these measured values may be treated as a sum of the two. Selenocysteine is usually not measured as part of amino acid analysis. It is usually
Protein_quality
Class of chemical compounds
of organoselenium compounds. A well-known selenol is the amino acid selenocysteine. Selenols are structurally similar to thiols, but the C−Se bond is about
Selenol
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cysteine-containing homologues in rodents. In selenoproteins, the amino acid selenocysteine is inserted in the nascent polypeptide chain during the process of translational
Glutathione_peroxidase_4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally
SELENOS
Two rules about the percentage of A, C, G, and T in DNA strands
acids normally present in proteins. (There are two uncommon amino acids—selenocysteine and pyrrolysine—found in a limited number of proteins and encoded by
Chargaff's_rules
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
patients with Graves' disease and thyroid adenomas. This protein contains selenocysteine (Sec) residues encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation
DIO2
Sequence at the 3′ end of messenger RNA that does not code for product
conserved stem-loop structure called the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) causes for the insertion of selenocysteine instead. The 3′ untranslated region
Three prime untranslated region
Three_prime_untranslated_region
Molecule produced by a living organism
incorporated into proteins during translation, in certain organisms: Selenocysteine is incorporated into some proteins at a UGA codon, which is normally
Biomolecule
Sum of food consumed by an organism
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
Diet_(nutrition)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
selenide and ATP. Selenophosphate is the selenium donor used to synthesize selenocysteine, which is co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins at in-frame
Selenophosphate_synthetase_1
Fourth row in the periodic table of chemical elements
is a component of the noncanonical amino acid, selenocysteine; proteins which contain selenocysteine are known as selenoproteins. Manganese enzymes are
Period_4_element
Medical condition
sequences, adding amino acids to a growing peptide), U6 small nuclear RNA, selenocysteine tRNA gene, 7SL RNA gene, vault RNA genes, and BC200 RNA gene. tRNA genes
POLR3-related_leukodystrophy
File format for DNA or protein sequences
Pyrrolysine (rare) P Proline Q Glutamine R Arginine S Serine T Threonine U Selenocysteine (rare) V Valine W Tryptophan Y Tyrosine Z Glutamic acid (E) or Glutamine
FASTA_format
Chemical compounds containing selenium
selenium compounds are essential. For example, selenomethionine and selenocysteine are selenium-containing amino acids present in the human body. Selenomethionine
Selenium_compounds
Chemical compounds containing sulfur and selenium
thioredoxin reductase. They are formed by the oxidative coupling of selenocysteine and cysteine residues. This reaction is powered by the decomposition
Selenosulfide
Enzyme in humans
detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. It contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally
Glutathione_peroxidase_3
Body composition elements
< 0.001 Probably 13 34 Selenium 190×10−9 0.000015 < 0.001 Yes (e.g. selenocysteine) Selenium toxicity 16 28 Nickel 140×10−9 0.000015 < 0.0001 Maybe Nickel
Composition_of_the_human_body
Enzyme family protecting the organism from oxidative damages
glutathione disulfide The mechanism involves oxidation of the selenol of a selenocysteine residue by hydrogen peroxide. This process gives the derivative with
Glutathione_peroxidase
Standard and alternative genetic codes
not take into account the "special" two proteinogenic amino acids: Selenocysteine (Sec or U), which requires a rather complicated translation machinery
List_of_genetic_codes
Naturally occurring amino acid
latter is made using the same biosynthetic pathway as ergothioneine when selenocysteine is present. Although ergothioneine is under preliminary research, its
Ergothioneine
Chemical compound
can be made when the biosynthetic machinery for ergothioneine uses selenocysteine instead of cysteine. It can also be made using a specialized biosynthetic
Selenoneine
Peroxide-decomposing enzyme
cofactor in their active sites, or alternately redox-active cysteine or selenocysteine residues. The nature of the electron donor is very dependent on the
Peroxidase
Group of chemical elements
Selenium is an important nutrient (among others as a building block of selenocysteine) but is also commonly toxic. Tellurium often has unpleasant effects
Chalcogen
NGO enabling communication about chemistry
Pyrrolysine P Proline Q Glutamine R Arginine S Serine T Threonine U Selenocysteine V Valine W Tryptophan Y Tyrosine Z Glutamic acid or glutamine J Leucine
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SELT, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SELT gene. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination
SELT
Region of non-coding DNA that regulates the transcription of neighboring genes
Carbon P, Krol A (April 1996). "A novel RNA structural motif in the selenocysteine insertion element of eukaryotic selenoprotein mRNAs". RNA. 2 (4): 367–379
Cis-regulatory_element
Protein family
(SelP) is the only known eukaryotic selenoprotein that contains multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues. It is a secreted glycoprotein, often found in the plasma
Selenoprotein_P
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
incorporation of selenocysteine into a protein requires the concerted action of an mRNA element called a sec insertion sequence (SECIS), a selenocysteine-specific
SECISBP2
American biochemist
11, 2016) was an American biochemist, notable for her discovery of selenocysteine, and her research on selenoproteins and bioenergetics. In addition she
Thressa_Stadtman
Cellular process of protein synthesis
of the protein, in particular if unconventional amino acids such as selenocysteine are incorporated into the protein, which is coded for by a conventional
Translation_(biology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cysteine-containing homologues in rodents. In selenoproteins, the 21st amino acid selenocysteine is inserted in the nascent polypeptide chain during the process of translational
Glutathione_peroxidase_1
Prokaryotic elongation factor
identical affinity, except those charged with initiation residues and selenocysteine. This can be accomplished because although different amino acid residues
EF-Tu
Class of enzymes
This protein contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue, which is essential for efficient enzyme activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon
Thyroxine_5-deiodinase
Species of reptile
needed] The tuatara genome has 26 genes that encode selenoproteins and 4 selenocysteine-specific tRNA genes. In humans, selenoproteins have a function of antioxidation
Tuatara
unrecognized N-terminal extension region that includes a CU (cysteine-selenocysteine) dipeptide motif. A minority of HgcB proteins also are selenoproteins
Mercury_methylation
Fad diet, radical treatment of malignant hypertension
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
Rice_diet
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally
SEPX1
Fad diet
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
Cotton_ball_diet
Linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein
Methionine Met M Phenylalanine Phe F Proline Pro P Pyrrolysine Pyl O Selenocysteine Sec U Serine Ser S Threonine Thr T Tryptophan Trp W Tyrosine Tyr Y Valine
Protein_primary_structure
US federal nutrition guide used from 2005-2011
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
MyPyramid
of Chicago Thressa Stadtman Honorary, 1987 Biochemist who discovered selenocysteine Anna Stafford Mathematician with the Institute for Advanced Study Ruth
List of Graduate Women in Science members
List_of_Graduate_Women_in_Science_members
Chemical compound
Hondal, Robert J.; Nilsson, Bradley L.; Raines, Ronald T. (2001). "Selenocysteine in Native Chemical Ligation and Expressed Protein Ligation". Journal
Chloroalanine
RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein
Groisman I, Engelberg-Kulka H (1998). "The nature of the minimal 'selenocysteine insertion sequence' (SECIS) in Escherichia coli". Nucleic Acids Research
Messenger_RNA
Species of archaeon
purines and pyrimidines, as well as for all amino acids except for selenocysteine. Genes for glucose metabolism suggest the existence of two alternative
Sulfolobus_acidocaldarius
Species of bacterium
genome of D. hafniense contains the machinery for both pyrrolysine and selenocysteine, making it the only known organism that potentially utilizes 22 amino
Desulfitobacterium_hafniense
Class of enzymes
(IPR036188): A high molecular weight (MW = ~55,000) type containing a selenocysteine residue in its active site has been identified in higher eukaryotes
Thioredoxin_reductase
Idea relating to human nutrition
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin
5_A_Day
Protein found in humans
the signal transducer and activator of transcription (V$STAT.01), selenocysteine tRNA activating factor (V$THAP11.01), and cell cycle regulators: cell
Zinc_finger_protein_226
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
deiodinase (not the enzyme that is the topic of this article) uses a selenocysteine active site for catalysis, is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily
Iodotyrosine_deiodinase
2009). "The human SepSecS-tRNASec complex reveals the mechanism of selenocysteine formation". Science. 325 (5938): 321–5. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..321P
O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNASec:L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase
O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNASec:L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA_synthase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cysteine-containing homologues in rodents. In selenoproteins, the 21st amino acid selenocysteine is inserted in the nascent polypeptide chain during the process of translational
Glutathione_peroxidase_2
discovery of novel aminoacyl-tRNA functions. He later sequenced the selenocysteine tRNA. His research is centered on the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA and
Dieter_Söll
Selenium-enriched yeast extract sold as animal fodder additive
Balasuriya, N; O'Donoghue, P; Söll, D (September 2023). "Recoding UAG to selenocysteine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". RNA. 29 (9): 1400–1410. doi:10.1261/rna
Selenium_yeast
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. It contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally
Glutathione_peroxidase_6
Structure on some mRNA sequences
Y, Baranov PV, Atkins JF, Gladyshev VN (May 2005). "Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine use dissimilar decoding strategies". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (21): 20740–20751
PYLIS_downstream_sequence
Salicylaldehyde Salicylic acid Salvinorin-A – C23H28O8 Saponin Secretin Selenocysteine Selenomethionine Selenoprotein Serine Serine kinase Serotonin Skatole
List_of_biomolecules
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally
SEPW1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Söll D (Dec 2006). "RNA-dependent conversion of phosphoserine forms selenocysteine in eukaryotes and archaea". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (50):
SEPSECS
Use of Iodine by organisms
selenium-deficient populations is theoretically problematic, partly for this reason. Selenocysteine (abbreviated as Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the
Iodine_in_biology
Hair that covers a dogs body
Hatfield, D.; Tsuji, P.; Carlson, B.; Gladyshev, V. (2014). "Selenium and selenocysteine: roles in cancer, health and development". Trends Biochem Sci. 39 (3):
Dog_coat
Enzyme
characterized glutathione peroxidases, this mRNA does not contain a selenocysteine (UGA) codon. Thus, the encoded protein is selenium-independent, and
Glutathione_peroxidase_5
Class of enzymes which transfer functional groups between molecules
transferases, and thus is one of the smallest categories of transferase. Selenocysteine synthase, which was first added to the classification system in 1999
Transferase
Inability to synthesize an organic compound required for growth
acids than the canonical twenty; two additional canonical amino acids (selenocysteine, pyrrolysine) are inserted into proteins by recoding translation termination
Auxotrophy
Tertiary structure of tRNA
Shun-ichi; Yokoyama, Shigeyuki (9 August 2009). "Crystal structure of human selenocysteine tRNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (18): 6259–6268. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp648
D_arm
Species of plant
variant confers resistance against selenite toxicity and decreases selenocysteine misincorporation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 294 (34): 12855–12865
Astragalus_bisulcatus
Exchange between similar amino acids of a protein
A, V, L, I Hydroxyl or sulfur/selenium-containing Serine, Cysteine, Selenocysteine, Threonine, Methionine S, C, U, T, M Cyclic Proline P Aromatic Phenylalanine
Conservative_replacement
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Safe
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Elephant Headed God; Mayureshwar is One of Ashthavinayaks (Lord Ganapati)
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Dawn
Surname or Lastname
Catalan
Catalan : variant of Ferran.Irish : variant of Farren.English : variant of Farrand.Muslim : variant of Farhan, from a personal name based on Arabic farÌ£hÄn ‘glad’, ‘happy’, an adjectival derivative of faraÌ£h ‘joy’ (see Farah).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Unique
Male
Norse
Old Norse name derived from the word dagr, DAGR means "day."
Girl/Female
Australian, German, Irish, Welsh
Dark and Pure
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Special Knowledge; Pride
Boy/Male
French, Indian
Intelligent; Knowledgeable
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Cherie, SHERRY means "darling."
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE
SELENOCYSTEINE