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Effects of a drug on living things
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is
Biological_activity
Relationship between a compound's chemical structure and its biological activity
The structure–activity relationship (SAR) is the relationship between the chemical structure of a molecule and its biological activity. This idea was first
Structure–activity relationship
Structure–activity_relationship
Predictive chemical model
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models are regression or classification models used in the chemical and biological sciences and engineering
Quantitative structure–activity relationship
Quantitative_structure–activity_relationship
Species of plant
PMID 18881287. Kumar, Padma; Sharma, Bindu; Bakshi, Nidhi (2009-05-20). "Biological activity of alkaloids from Solanum dulcamara L.". Natural Product Research
Solanum_dulcamara
Scientific study of life
branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells. It is centered largely on the study of nucleic
Biology
Glycoprotein found in the saliva of vampire bats
thrombin generation when in plasma, leading to prolonged bleeding. The biological activity of Draculin is highly dependent on glycosylation of the native protein
Draculin
Primary male sex hormone
testosterone can bind to an androgenic receptor, which means it has biological activity. While a significant portion of testosterone is bound to SHBG, a
Testosterone
Corticosteroid precursor and metabolite of cortisol
prohormone of cortisol (hydrocortisone), which is responsible for its biological activity. It is metabolized into cortisol via the actions of 11β-hydroxysteroid
Cortisone
Chemical compound in leeches
thrombolytics, such as heparin, as it does not interfere with the biological activity of other serum proteins, and can also act on complexed thrombin.
Hirudin
Pharmacological measurement unit for the amount of a biologically active substance
international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar
International_unit
Drug biological activity
Off-target activity is biological activity of a drug that is different from and not directed at that of its intended biological target. It most commonly
Off-target_activity
Repetitive biological process
variations of the timing and duration of biological activity in living organisms occur for many essential biological processes. These occur (a) in animals
Biological_rhythm
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
studies the chemistry required for biological activity of molecules, molecular biology studies their biological activity, genetics studies their heredity
Biochemistry
Branch of biology that studies biological systems at the molecular level
molecular structures and chemical processes that are the basis of biological activity within and between cells. It is centered largely on the study of
Molecular_biology
Chemical compound
PMID 590186. Fishman J, Martucci C (December 1978). "Differential biological activity of estradiol metabolites". Pediatrics. 62 (6 Pt 2): 1128–1133. doi:10
Estradiol
Chemical compound
determinants responsible for the biological activity of (-)-emetine, (-)-cryptopleurine, and (-)-tylocrebrine: structure-activity relationship among related
Emetine
Chemical compound
differing by the presence of a hydroxyl group, which may influence its biological activity. Masticadienolic acid is one of the major constituents of mastic
Masticadienolic_acid
Chemical compound
organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including: Anti-inflammatory: Acts as a dual activator of peroxisome
Dehydroabietic_acid
Part of a mixture
active ingredient is the ingredient in a formulation which invokes biological activity. National laws usually require prepared food products to display
Ingredient
Chemical compound
ISBN 9781284057560. "ethambutol (CHEBI:4877)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 18 August 2010. Main
Ethambutol
Group of chemical compounds
H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol esters: Structure, biological activity, and toxicity in animals". International Journal of Toxicology. 26
Phorbol_esters
Chemical compound
in vitro biological activity of polygodial has been reported in the scientific literature to include antifungal and antimicrobial activities, antihyperalgesia
Polygodial
Chemical compound
and to modulate its tissue level is a key factor determining its biological activity.[unreliable source?] Acetyl hexapeptide-3 BPC-157 CyRL-QN15 Glutathione
Copper_peptide_GHK-Cu
Unit of catalytic activity
causing confusion with the identically named international unit of biological activity. The latter is used to measure biopharmaceuticals, like vitamins
Enzyme_unit
Any steroid hormone that promotes male characteristics
11-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone. The latter has the same biological activity as testosterone and, therefore, these are also very important in
Androgen
Chemical compound
and cell deletion conferred by vanilloid receptor 1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (14): 11021–11030. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008392200. hdl:2437/104771
Resiniferatoxin
Geological record of biological activity
Ancient Greek ἴχνος (íkhnos) 'trace, track'), is a fossil record of biological activity by lifeforms, but not the preserved remains of the organism itself
Trace_fossil
hundreds of thousands of possible drugs. Any chemical substance with biological activity may be considered a drug. This list categorises drugs alphabetically
Lists_of_drugs
Human hormone
been found to act as neurosteroids with their own AR-independent biological activity. 3α-Androstanediol is a potent positive allosteric modulator of the
Dihydrotestosterone
Chemical compound
beans. It is one of the compounds that may be responsible for proposed biological and pharmacological effects of coffee. A typical bean of Coffea arabica
Cafestol
Group of chemical compounds
Allopumiliotoxins, the most complex member of this class, have a wide range of biological activities, the full understanding of which has not been fully discerned due
Allopumiliotoxin
Chemical compound
stress. Variability in biological sources and production methods have shown to contribute to variations in biological activity of PDRN, more specifically
Polydeoxyribonucleotide
Class of biochemical compounds
have cytotoxic properties and are under study for their potential biological activity. Cucurbitacins are chemically classified as triterpenes, formally
Cucurbitacin
Chemical compound
Plectonema radiosum, and Actinopolyspora erythraea. It exhibits multiple biological activities, functioning as an antineoplastic agent, antibiotic antifungal agent
Tubercidin
American researcher, academic and educator
dictate biological activity. The shape of chemicals permit interactions with distinct biological targets to alter normal biological activity. She uses
Robyn_Leigh_Tanguay
Chemical compounds produced by plants
The term phytochemical does not generally imply that there is any biological activity or health benefit following its consumption. Once phytochemicals
Phytochemical
Chemical compound
"Anti-inflammatory properties of the plant Verbascum mallophorum". Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 23 (3): 189–95. PMID 19828096. Pardo
Verbascoside
Chemical compound
biological activity. There is a general agreement that the conserved lysine residue near the N-terminus (Lys5 in α-DTX) is crucial for the biological
Dendrotoxin
Chemical compound
Prodigiosin received renewed attention for its wide range of biological activities, including activities as antimalarial, antifungal, immunosuppressant, and antibiotic
Prodigiosin
Chemical compound
isolated from Incarvillea sinensis has demonstrated significant analgesic activity when compared to the opiate alkaloid morphine. Incarvillateine's pain-killing
Incarvillateine
Chemical compound
also known as allyl thiosulfinate. Its biological activity can be attributed to both its antioxidant activity and its reaction with thiol-containing proteins
Allicin
Manner in which humans engage sexually
and more explicitly sexual activities. Human sexual activity has sociological, cognitive, emotional, behavioural and biological aspects. It involves personal
Human_sexual_activity
Chemical term
inorganic or biological settings. Biological effects and thus also similarity of effects are usually quantified using the biological activity of a compound
Chemical_similarity
Chemical compound
cell-permeable Hec1/Nek2 mitotic pathway inhibitor I. INH1 controls the biological activity of Hec1/Nek2 mitotic pathway. It specifically disrupts the Hec1/Nek2
INH1
InterPro Family
binding proteins, where binding promotes biological activity, the binding of IFNG to HS inhibits its biological activity. The structural models shown in figures
Interferon_gamma
Chemical compound
later by stereocontrolled synthesis. Intrigued by the wide range of biological activities of this metabolite, Avarol has inspired the development of many
Avarol
Chemical compound
replication, inhibiting the enzyme and resulting in powerful antitumour activity. In clinical trials, ellipticine derivatives have been observed to induce
Ellipticine
NSAID analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug
fever, probably through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-2 inhibitor) activity and prostaglandin synthesis. Fenoprofen is chiral drug with one stereogenic
Fenoprofen
Species of flowering plant
inhibitory activity. The ethanolic extract of S. saligna indicate antibacterial activity against several human pathogenic bacteria and antifungal activity against
Sarcococca_saligna
Class of chemical compounds
5-derivatives have attracted the greatest interest. Due to their appearance in biologically active natural products, medicinal chemists have been inspired to use
Diketopiperazine
Chemical compound
TF; Zadra, M; Athayde, ML (2012). "Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. Leaves". Natural
Α-Cadinol
Chemical compound
Interest in this compound stems from its biological activity. Yuehchukene possesses a potent anti-fertility activity, with the (R)-(+)-enantiomer having been
Yuehchukene
Scientific journal
biological poly-acids, and nucleic acids. It also includes biological activities and interactions, molecular associations, chemical and biological modifications
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
International_Journal_of_Biological_Macromolecules
Layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground
physical, chemical, and biological activity, the subsoil is the depth of most deposition. Due to physical, chemical, and biological activity, the subsoil generally
Subsoil
Class of organic compounds
13062. PMC 3115369. PMID 20861691. Stasiuk, M.; Kozubek, A. (2009). "Biological activity of phenolic lipids". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 67 (6):
Phenolic_lipid
Process that separates solids from fluids
size, filter thickness and biological activity). Filtration occurs both in nature and in engineered systems; there are biological, geological, and industrial
Filtration
Class of echinoderms, marine animal
acid amides of sphingosine occur frequently, with some having known biological activity. Starfish also contain various ceramides and a small number of alkaloids
Starfish
Chemical compound
glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. In addition, pregnenolone is biologically active in its own right, acting as a neurosteroid. In addition to its
Pregnenolone
Chemical compound
triterpenes. Research indicates that tirucallol exhibits several biological activities: Anti-inflammatory properties: Topical application of tirucallol
Tirucallol
Measure of drug activity
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological
Potency_(pharmacology)
Ion
Tellurite (TeO₃²⁻) is a highly toxic oxyanion of tellurium with notable biological activity, particularly due to its toxic effects on various organisms, including
Tellurite
Online database
Duke at the USDA. The databases report species, phytochemicals, and biological activity, as well as ethnobotanical uses. The current Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Dr._Duke's_Phytochemical_and_Ethnobotanical_Databases
Biochemical site of damaged DNA or RNA
This can happen spontaneously, as a result of chemical activity, radiation, or due to enzyme activity. The glycosidic linkages in DNA can be broken via acid-catalyzed
AP_site
Study of chemical cycles of the earth related to biological activity
earth scale biological systems in space and time. The field focuses on chemical cycles which are either driven by or influence biological activity. Particular
Biogeochemistry
How a biomolecule's structure influences biological activity
In biochemistry, the conformation–activity relationship is the relationship between the biological activity and the chemical structure or conformational
Conformation–activity relationship
Conformation–activity_relationship
Class of endogenous fatty acid compounds
H, Witkamp RF (October 2011). "Presence, formation and putative biological activities of N-acyl serotonins, a novel class of fatty-acid derived mediators
N-Acylamides
teams are constructing curcumin analogues designed to target specific biological processes, such as the NFκB signaling pathway previously discussed. Katsuyama
Curcumin_synthase
Terpene hydrocarbon
O.; Mantanis, G.; Chinou, I. (2012). "Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from the wood of Pinus heldreichii Christ. var
Limonene
Chemical compound
PMID 590186. Fishman J, Martucci C (December 1978). "Differential biological activity of estradiol metabolites". Pediatrics. 62 (6 Pt 2): 1128–1133. doi:10
Estrone
Chemical compound
isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces toyocaensis. It has diverse biological activities including anticancer, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Besides
Toyocamycin
Chemical compound
In addition to its toxicity, solenopsis has a number of other biological activities. It inhibits angiogenesis in vitro via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Solenopsin
duocarmycin derivatives that have a hydroxyl group which is crucial for biological activity. Using this technology scientists aim to create ADCs having an optimal
Duocarmycin
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Some require a non-protein chemical compound or ion for biological activity, these are
Protein
Chemical compound
charge of cetalkonium is used to separate biological extracts according to their charge. Biological activity of cetalkonium chloride as excipient has been
Cetalkonium_chloride
Labdane-type diterpenoid resin acid found in conifers
molecular weight of 302.5 g/mol, and has been studied for its various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antibacterial and antitumor effects, and
Communic_acid
Chemical compound
substituents on the compound's biological activity. Research indicates that methyl dehydroabietate exhibits several biological activities: Antibacterial properties:
Methyl_dehydroabietate
Chemical compound acting as a vitamin
Subsequent nutrition research has revealed that all vitamers exhibit biological activity against their specific vitamin deficiency, although different vitamers
Vitamer
Chemical compound
relative to estradiol, and hence a greater fraction available for biological activity. Estriol is metabolized via glucuronidation and sulfation. The main
Estriol
Compounds that alter neuronal activity
under investigation for the treatment of epilepsy. Based on differences in activity and structure, neurosteroids can be broadly categorized into several different
Neurosteroid
Chemical compound
PMID 590186. Fishman J, Martucci C (December 1978). "Differential biological activity of estradiol metabolites". Pediatrics. 62 (6 Pt 2): 1128–1133. doi:10
Estetrol
External bodily secretion produced by snails
has demonstrated several biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-tumoral activities. A new generation of tissue
Snail_slime
Study of drugs obtained from natural sources
typically by using spectroscopic methods. In vitro activity does not necessarily translate to biological activity in humans or other living systems. In the past
Pharmacognosy
Abstract description of molecular features
is able to account for differences in biological activity of a range of molecules. As the biological activities of new molecules become available, the
Pharmacophore
Anticoagulant
Shrimp Mangrove crab Sand dollar Atlantic salmon Zebra fish The biological activity of heparin within species 6–11 is unclear and further supports the
Heparin
Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt
during the last 11,700 years. Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes. Many submarine volcanoes
Submarine_volcano
Chemical compound
Kazakhstan. Arglabin and its derivatives are biologically active and demonstrate promising antitumor activity and cytoxocity against varying tumor cell lines
Arglabin
Bottleneck variable limiting the evolution of a system
are the building blocks of all living organisms, as they support biological activity. They are required to make proteins, DNA, membranes, organelles,
Limiting_factor
light-sensitive elements that allow for precise regulation their biological activity in both space and time. The activation can be either irreversible
Photoactivated_peptide
angiostatin. Characterization of the anti-proliferative activity on endothelial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (46): 29461–7. doi:10.1074/jbc
Angiostatin
on a water body with biological activity in the water body, and is formulated using data developed from biosurveys. Biological integrity is associated
Index_of_biological_integrity
Group of cytokine proteins
to define biological properties. In 1985 two distinct, but distantly related complementary DNAs encoding proteins sharing human IL-1 activity were reported
Interleukin-1_family
biological effects against influenza virus. However, IFN-τ has high species specificity which can cause a significant decrease in biological activity
Interferon_tau
Soviet pathogen weaponization from 1920s to 1990s
Union covertly operated the world's largest and most sophisticated known biological weapons program. The Soviet program began in the 1920s and lasted until
Soviet biological weapons program
Soviet_biological_weapons_program
Waste made from harmful chemicals
have biological activity: roughly 4,000 pesticides and 3,000 pharmaceuticals. Around 300,000 industrial chemicals are not designed for a biological activity
Chemical_waste
Ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water
integral part of the benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity that takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand
Benthic_zone
Small molecule affecting biological activity
its biological activity can be called an effector. In this manner, effector molecules act as ligands that can increase or decrease enzyme activity, gene
Effector_(biology)
Chemical compound
the methyl group. It is a white solid. The compound exhibits some biological activity. It is prepared from benzaldehyde by amino cyanation (Strecker synthesis)
Phenylglycine
Chemical compound
with hydroxyl and methoxy functional groups, contributing to its biological activity. The compound has attracted interest due to its potential antioxidant
Dihydrowogonin
Chemical compound
system to exert their biological effects. Genistin is also converted to a more familiar genistein, thus, the biological activities including antiatherosclerotic
Genistin
Chemical compound
the major active component and is responsible for 72 to 90% of the biological activity. There are >100 limonoids in neem extracts, some of which are insecticidally
Azadirachtin
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