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Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions
Protein
Physical interactions and constructions between multiple proteins
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical
Protein–protein_interaction
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first
Gene
Protein supplement
Whey protein is a mixture of proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production. The proteins consist of α-lactalbumin
Whey_protein
Macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently
Protein_dimer
Change of a linear protein chain to a 3D structure
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random
Protein_folding
Nutrient for the human body
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the constituents of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins
Protein_(nutrient)
Surface protein in bacteria cell walls
Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation
Protein_A
Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer-
Protein–protein interaction screening
Protein–protein_interaction_screening
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
A prion (/ˈpriːɒn/ ) is a misfolded protein that induces folding problems in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death. Prions are
Prion
Food product and protein supplement derived from Pisum sativum
Pea protein is a food product and protein supplement derived and extracted from yellow and green split peas, Pisum sativum. It can be used as a dietary
Pea_protein
Class of enzymes
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being
Protein_phosphatase
Biochemical laboratory technique
Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants
Protein_precipitation
A protein supplement is a dietary supplement or a bodybuilding supplement, and usually comes in the form of a protein bar, protein powder, and even readily
Protein_supplement
Buildup of metabolic waste due to kidney dysfunction
Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. Protein toxicity has
Protein_toxicity
Vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver
complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene. Protein S plays a role in coagulation. Protein S is named
Protein_S
Bioengineering process
Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering
Protein_engineering
Glycoprotein spike on a viral capsid or viral envelope
In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of
Spike_protein
Protein family
SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members
SNARE_protein
Proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending
Membrane_protein
Accumulation of clumps of misfolded or disordered proteins
In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or misfolded proteins aggregate (clump together) and accumulate
Protein_aggregation
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as transporters, and peripheral proteins that attach to the
Cell_membrane
Index of articles associated with the same name
binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding
Binding_protein
Topics referred to by the same term
protein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to: Protein (nutrient) Protein
Protein_(disambiguation)
Three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed
Protein_structure
Type of snack bar high in protein
Protein bars are convenience food that contain a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats. Despite the label focusing on protein
Protein_bar
Artificial peptide attached to protein for marking purpose
Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein. Tags are attached to proteins for various purposes. They can be added
Protein_tag
Proteins assisting in protein folding
molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the conformational folding or unfolding of proteins or macromolecular protein complexes. There are a number
Chaperone_(protein)
Protein ranking for human nutrition
Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are
Protein_quality
Protein created by joining other proteins into a single polypeptide
Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that
Fusion_protein
Sequencing of amino acid arrangement in a protein
Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the
Protein_sequencing
Nanoparticle technology
A protein corona is a dynamic coating of biomolecules, usually proteins, around the surface of a nanoparticle that forms spontaneously in colloidal nanomaterials
Protein_corona
Group of six protein isoforms produced from the MAPT gene
The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the
Tau_protein
Prediction by observation and computation
of proteins. Understanding protein–protein interactions is important for the investigation of intracellular signaling pathways, modelling of protein complex
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Protein–protein_interaction_prediction
Type of stable macromolecular complex
polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions
Protein_complex
Method for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and biological research of proteins
Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different
Protein_detection
Proteins performing more than one function
Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. It is an example of gene sharing. Ancestral moonlighting proteins
Protein_moonlighting
Artificial intelligence program by DeepMind
developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques. AlphaFold 1 (2018)
AlphaFold
Solution of component parts of a protein
Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and/or peptides. Hydrolyzing down to the amino
Hydrolyzed_protein
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, that is, an inactive enzyme. The activated form plays an
Protein_C
Class of enzymes
A protein deacetylase is any enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in proteins. That is, it performs deacetylation. The main ones are
Protein_deacetylase
Dietary theory for protein nutrition
Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake.
Protein_combining
Protein source containing all nine essential amino acids
A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary
Complete_protein
Type of proteins
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved
G_protein
Mammalian protein involved in blood clotting
Protein Z (PZ or PROZ), vitamin K-dependent protein Z, is a protein encoded in the human by the PROZ gene. Protein Z is a member of the coagulation cascade
Protein_Z
Molecular biology techniques
to investigate protein–protein interactions which are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules. This
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions
Methods_to_investigate_protein–protein_interactions
Predicted proteins
In biochemistry, a hypothetical protein is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it
Hypothetical_protein
Protein spanning across a biological membrane
transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways
Transmembrane_protein
Non-soluble proteins with elongated or sheet-like structures
fibrous proteins or scleroproteins are one of the three main classifications of protein structure (alongside globular and membrane proteins). Fibrous
Fibrous_protein
Assembly of proteins inside biological cells
Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation
Protein_biosynthesis
Class of peptides which help cells survive freezing conditions
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit
Antifreeze_protein
Rational design of new protein molecules
Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein
Protein_design
Lattice proteins are highly simplified models of protein-like heteropolymer chains on lattice conformational space which are used to investigate protein folding
Lattice_protein
Proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups
Copper proteins are proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups. Copper proteins are found in all forms of air-breathing life. These
Copper_protein
Mammalian protein found in humans
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentration rises in response to inflammation
C-reactive_protein
Protein family
Kelch proteins (and Kelch-like proteins) are a widespread group of proteins that contain multiple Kelch motifs. The kelch domain generally occurs as a
Kelch_protein
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
prion protein (PrP) is encoded in the human body by the PRNP gene also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230). Expression of the protein is most
Major_prion_protein
Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). It has been measured in coagulation
Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor
Activated_protein_C–protein_C_inhibitor
Proteins found in the cell nucleus
A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus. Proteins are transported inside the nucleus with they help of the nuclear pore complex, which
Nuclear_protein
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the
Virus
Spherical, water-soluble type of protein
In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous
Globular_protein
Protein Nanoparticle
Protein nanotechnology is a field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field
Protein_nanoparticles
Long chain of protein monomers
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together
Protein_filament
A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes
Secretory_protein
Strabismus was originally identified as a Drosophila protein involved in planar cell polarity. Flies with mutated strabismus genes have altered development
Strabismus_(protein)
Protein isolated from soybean
Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans
Soy_protein
Self-stable region of a protein's chain that folds independently from the rest
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest
Protein_domain
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family
Merlin_(protein)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protein FAM46B also known as Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TENT5B (previously FAM46B). FAM46B contains
Protein_FAM46B
Storage proteins serve as biological reserves of metal ions and amino acids, used by organisms. They are found in plant seeds, egg whites, and milk. Ferritin
Storage_protein
Biological term
and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins. Viruses are non-living
Viral_protein
2024 film directed by Tony Burke
Protein is a 2024 crime thriller film directed by Tony Burke (in his feature debut), based on his 2014 short film of the same name. It stars Craig Russell
Protein_(film)
Methuselah-like 5 is a protein that in Drosophila is encoded by the Mthl5 (also known as Gia) gene. Methuselah-like 5 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
Gia_(protein)
Protein isolate made from rice
Rice protein is a vegan protein isolate made from rice. It is often used as an alternative to the more common whey and soy protein isolates. To make it
Rice_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protein SET, also known as Protein SET 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SET gene. Protein SET has been shown to interact with: Acidic
Protein_SET
Biological mechanism for routing proteins
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside
Protein_targeting
Soy-based food used as a protein source
amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per gram of edible protein of any food (1.6 kg CO2/ 100 g protein). The English word "tofu" comes from Japanese tōfu (豆腐)
Tofu
Grouping of proteins
A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology). Usually this common ancestry
Protein_superfamily
Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule
'to bind'. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically
Ligand_(biochemistry)
Device for tracking proteins
A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function
Protein_microarray
Post-translational removal of peptide sequences from a protein sequence
Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor
Protein_splicing
Protein-coding gene in humans
P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous
P_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
morphogenetic protein 7 or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP7 gene. The protein encoded by
Bone_morphogenetic_protein_7
Family of proteins which attach to other proteins to modify them
Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their
SUMO_protein
Defatted soy flour food product
Textured or texturized vegetable protein (TVP), also known as textured soy protein, soy meat, or soya chunks, is a defatted soy flour product, a by-product
Textured_vegetable_protein
Legume grown for its edible bean
cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients
Soybean
Members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors
factors) are a class of proteins that are closely related members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. These proteins are secreted and play a
Lefty_(protein)
Food ingredient
Hemp protein is a plant-derived protein from the cannabis plant and is isolated from hemp seeds (a type of nut). The protein content of whole hemp seeds
Hemp_protein
Form of programmed cell death
inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate
Apoptosis
Macromolecular complex formed by three macromolecules
a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. A protein trimer
Protein_trimer
American manufacturing company
Omega Protein Corporation was a publicly traded US company, founded in 1913 as a fishing operation. As of 2015 it still operated a fishing fleet, and
Omega_Protein
Breakdown of proteins into constituent amino acids and compounds
molecular biology, protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino acids. Protein catabolism is a key
Protein_catabolism
Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is
Protein_crystallization
Enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases
Protein_kinase
Biotechnological process
Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in
Protein_production
Process of formation of blood clots
activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin
Coagulation
Biochemical method
the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest
Protein_purification
In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential
Dullard_protein
Proteins present in blood serum
Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They perform many different functions, including transport
Plasma_protein
Critical protein in embryonic development
Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is a major signaling molecule of embryonic development in planulozoan animals, encoded by the SHH gene. This signaling molecule
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
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