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Biotechnology for gene delivery
A viral vector is a modified virus designed to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture
Viral_vector
Type of vaccine
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as
Viral_vector_vaccine
Biological particle which transfers genetic material between cells
and/or expressed. A vector containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant DNA. The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial
Vector_(molecular_biology)
Method of gene modification
is the simple injection of viral vectors containing transgenes into the patient. Lentiviruses are modified to act as a vector to insert beneficial genes
Lentiviral vector in gene therapy
Lentiviral_vector_in_gene_therapy
Preparation for acquired immunity to disease
The subgroup of genetic vaccines encompass viral vector vaccines, RNA vaccines and DNA vaccines. Viral vector vaccines use a safe virus to insert pathogen
Vaccine
Synthetic viral vector
helper dependent virus, also termed a gutless virus, is a synthetic viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helper virus in order to replicate,
Helper_dependent_virus
(sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods). All viruses bind to their hosts
Vectors_in_gene_therapy
Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
(using inactivated virus or protein subunit) and novel platforms (mRNA or viral vector-based). Prior research on coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory
COVID-19_vaccine
Transfer process in genetics
which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence
Transduction_(genetics)
Type of vaccine
virus, an inactivated (dead) virus, or a recombinant antigen-encoding viral vector (harmless carrier virus with an antigen transgene) into the body. These
MRNA_vaccine
Models used in Parkinson's disease research
neurodegeneration. Through the viral vector-mediated delivery of alpha-synuclein, the vectors can target the dopaminergic neurons directly. Vectors like lentivirus and
Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Animal_models_of_Parkinson's_disease
Introduction of foreign genetic material into host cells
divided into two categories, recombinant viruses and synthetic vectors (viral and non-viral). In complex multicellular eukaryotes (more specifically Weissmanists)
Gene_delivery
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
(an example is viral meningitis) Vector transmission: the virus is picked up by a carrier and brought to a new host (an example is viral encephalitis)
Viral_evolution
Outermost layer of many types of the infectious agent
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells
Viral_envelope
treatments for this chronic disease. While viral vector gene therapies predominate, both viral and non-viral vectors have been developed as a means to deliver
Gene therapy for osteoarthritis
Gene_therapy_for_osteoarthritis
Medical technology
reduces the effectiveness to repeated treatments. Problems with viral vectors – Viral vectors carry the risks of toxicity, inflammatory responses, and gene
Gene_therapy
Provisioner of scientific consumables, equipment, and services
Acquires Viral Vector Manufacturing Business from Novasep". BioSpace. "Thermo Fisher Takes Deep Dive into Cell and Gene Therapy with Viral Vector Business
Thermo_Fisher_Scientific
Virus or plasmid designed for gene expression in cells
expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells. The vector is used to
Expression_vector
Viral infection of sheep and goats
2019 and May 2020. Orf is also being trialed as a potential and potent viral vector vaccine platform. Orf is a classic One Health challenge involving interactions
Orf_(disease)
transfection using a viral vector. Viral transformation can occur both naturally and medically. Natural transformations can include viral cancers, such as
Viral_transformation
Treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents
branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy. These branches use three different types
Virotherapy
Vaccine against smallpox and mpox
genome, modified vaccinia Ankara virus is also used as an experimental viral vector for vaccines against non-poxvirus diseases. The traditional smallpox
Modified_vaccinia_Ankara
Infection by a pathogen of non-human origin
attenuated vaccines. There are also new vaccine technologies such as viral vector vaccines and DNA/RNA vaccines, which include many of the COVID-19 vaccines
Zoonosis
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
substantia nigra by delivering genetic material—typically through a viral vector—to these diseased cells. This material may deliver a functional, wild-type
Parkinson's_disease
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) is a viral vector engineered from the naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) to be used as
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus
Self-complementary_adeno-associated_virus
Research center at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
important part of the building. The Vector Core Facility is a core technology and research center for the design of viral vectors used to deliver genetic material
Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences
Edmond_and_Lily_Safra_Center_for_Brain_Sciences
Pharmaceutical industry supplier
headquarters was moved from Pompey in Lorraine to Lyon. Novasep's Belgium viral vector manufacturing division, Henogen, was sold to Thermo Fisher for €725 million
Novasep
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
antibodies. Industrial processes have been recently developed using viral vectors, and several pharmaceutical proteins are currently in pre-clinical and
Virus
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up vector or vectorial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Vector most often refers to: Disease vector, an agent that carries and transmits an infectious
Vector
Gene therapy medication
Etranacogene dezaparvovec is an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy which consists of a viral vector carrying a gene for clotting Factor IX. The gene
Etranacogene_dezaparvovec
Mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal nerve cells
superoxide radical than other normal central nervous system neurons. Viral vector experiments that augment superoxide dismutase 2 in LHON cybrids or LHON
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber's_hereditary_optic_neuropathy
American man who died during a clinical trial (1981–1999)
having suffered a massive immune response triggered by the use of the viral vector to transport the gene into his cells, leading to multiple organ failure
Jesse_Gelsinger
Virus that affects plants
(31 January 2017). "Rewiring carotenoid biosynthesis in plants using a viral vector". Scientific Reports. 7 41645. Bibcode:2017NatSR...741645M. doi:10.1038/srep41645
Plant_virus
Agent that carries and transmits pathogens
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living
Disease_vector
Genetically modified human embryo
transfer to cells is usually by vector delivery. Vectors are typically divided into two classes – viral and non-viral. Viruses infect cells by transducing
Designer_baby
Type of RNA
is typically accomplished by delivery of plasmids or through viral or bacterial vectors. shRNA is an advantageous mediator of RNAi in that it has a relatively
Short_hairpin_RNA
Eradicated viral disease
Viral Vector Vaccine Design". Biomedicines. 9 (12): 1780. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9121780. ISSN 2227-9059. PMC 8698642. PMID 34944596. "Home". Viral Bioinformatics
Smallpox
Vaccine containing nucleic acids
a cell. Genetic vaccines thus include DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines. Most vaccines other than live attenuated vaccines and genetic
Genetic_vaccine
Viral shedding from a vaccine-induced infection
vaccine technologies such as inactivated vaccine (killed-virus vaccines), viral vector vaccine, RNA vaccines (that contain no virus), or subunit vaccines (a
Vaccine_shedding
US program to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine efforts
Pfizer/BioNTech (both mRNA), AstraZeneca and Janssen (both replication-defective live-vector), and Novavax and Sanofi/GSK (both recombinant-subunit-adjuvanted protein)
Operation_Warp_Speed
Family of viruses
have been used to produce viral vector COVID-19 vaccines. "In four candidate COVID-19 vaccines... Ad5... serves as the 'vector' to transport the surface
Adenoviridae
Family of infectious diseases
PMID 36758568. Hewson R (2024-10-18). "Understanding Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers: Virus Diversity, Vector Ecology, and Public Health Strategies". Pathogens
Viral_hemorrhagic_fever
American biopharmaceutical company
Life Biosciences to begin testing its investigational, adeno-associated viral vector drug, ER-100, for treatment of optic neuropathies including certain types
Life_Biosciences
Temporary expression of genes
via agroinfiltration or floral dip, most animal cells would require a viral vector. In humans, the field of transient transformation advanced rapidly during
Transient_expression
Study of ancient viruses
Also, some viral genetic fragments which were endogenized into germline cells of an ancient organism have been passed down to our time as viral fossils,
Paleovirology
vaccine, sold under the brand names Vaxzevria and Covishield, was a viral vector vaccine produced by the British University of Oxford, British-Swedish
List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations
List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations
Branch of virology
bacteriophage MV-3 (2018), Extremophile chickenpox vector CPV-2 (2017), and Multivalent viral vector MRHHS MV-5 (2016), synthetic virology technology to
Synthetic_virology
Technologies to genetically improve human bodies
therapy's efficacy. Recent technical breakthroughs, including as viral and non-viral vector transport, alternative nucleic acid technologies, and new technologies
Human_genetic_enhancement
Formation of biological viruses during the infection process
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before
Viral_replication
Viral disease
humans exists. Human vaccines that have been investigated for EEE include viral vector-based vaccines, plasmid DNA vaccines, and trivalent vaccines that protect
Eastern_equine_encephalitis
Species of virus
candidate for creating viral vectors for gene therapy, and for the creation of isogenic human disease models. Gene therapy vectors using AAV can infect
Adeno-associated_virus
Type of small omnivorous rodent
behavior to resemble that of prairie voles in experiments in which a viral vector was used to increase a single gene's expression within a particular brain
Vole
Species of beetle
observed distances has been found. There is evidence that D. speciosa is a viral vector for comoviruses, southern bean mosaic virus, mimosa mosaic virus, tymoviruses
Diabrotica_speciosa
Vaccine in development
non-pathogenic, viruses as vectors for immunogenic Zika virus proteins. One phase 1 trial is using the Measles virus as a vector and was completed in April
Zika_virus_vaccine
Species of poxvirus
benefit/risk assessment for a viral vector vaccine based on a non-replicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara viral vector". Vaccine. 43 (Pt 1) 126521.
Vaccinia
Russian vaccine against COVID-19
under which it is legally registered and produced) is an adenovirus viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of
Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine
Species of virus
skin disorders. BPSV has several advantageous features for use in a viral vector vaccine: It can carry large amounts of foreign DNA, is well-adapted to
Bovine_papular_stomatitis
Viral vector vaccine for prevention of COVID-19
sold under the brand names Covishield and Vaxzevria among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United
Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
Oxford–AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine
Pseudotyping is the process of producing viruses or viral vectors in combination with foreign viral envelope proteins. The result is a pseudotyped virus
Pseudotyping
Scientific work to develop a vaccine for COVID-19
Biologics using its adenovirus model. Despite the availability of mRNA and viral vector vaccines, worldwide vaccine equity has not been achieved. The ongoing
History of COVID-19 vaccine development
History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development
Technologies for targeted drug delivery
bacteriophages. The surface of the viral particle can also be modified with ligands to increase targeting capabilities. While viral vectors can be used to great efficacy
Nanoparticle_drug_delivery
In-progress vaccinations that may prevent or treat HIV infections
Adenovirus vectors and many other viral vectors currently used in HIV vaccines will induce a rapid memory immune response against the vector. This results
HIV_vaccine_development
mouse liver; new chemistries for transfection; development of a non-viral vector providing sustained liver-specific transgene expression for more than
Mirus_Bio
Medical condition
model of Niemann–Pick type C, using an adeno-associated virus-derived viral vector, and has been shown to extend lifespan following injection into the lateral
Niemann–Pick_disease
Experimental medical treatment
individuals by the use of viral vectors. Using a replication-defective recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as a vector, the cDNA of the affected
Gene therapy for color blindness
Gene_therapy_for_color_blindness
Small piece of maintainable DNA
A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning
Cloning_vector
State of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process
response. This category of vaccine includes DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, and viral vector vaccines, which differ in the chemical form of nucleic acid and how it
Immunity_(medicine)
Form of virus
replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors for gene expression and gene therapy. Helper dependent virus Virophage
Helper_virus
Treatment of Parkinson's disease
ganglia circuitry are affected. This strategy used adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2) to deliver GAD to the subthalamic nucleus. The trial was done
Management of Parkinson's disease
Management_of_Parkinson's_disease
Therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
nigrostriatum. Therefore, gene therapy could be a single treatment appealing, viral vectors used in the therapy are diffusible and capable to do transduction of
Gene therapy in Parkinson's disease
Gene_therapy_in_Parkinson's_disease
Laboratory cell cultures in which cells attach to a surface
"Adherent versus suspension based platforms: what is the near future of viral vector manufacturing?". BioInsights. Retrieved 2022-12-02. Kang, Wonmo; McNaughton
Adherent_culture
Public-private organization for vaccine development
vaccine against Lassa virus via replication-competent vesicular stomatitis viral vector technology. In June 2018, US$35 million was given to U.S.-based Profectus
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations
Vaccine research
is to induce the T cell arm of the immune response using viral vectors, adenoviral vectors that contain large parts of the HCV genome itself, to induce
Hepatitis_C_vaccine
Type of virus
Alternatively, the viral vector can be coated with a polymer such as polyethylene glycol, shielding it from antibodies, but this also prevents viral coat proteins
Oncolytic_virus
Group of diseases affecting potato plants
respective races, their interaction with the host potato cultivar, the viral vectors involved, and the environment. Diseases caused by viruses are one of
Viral_diseases_of_potato
American geneticist (born 1954)
safer viral vectors". Fierce Biotech. February 10, 2021. "Biotech entrepreneur George Church launches gene therapy startup to design safer viral vectors".
George_Church_(geneticist)
Vaccine against COVID-19
Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of American company Johnson & Johnson. It is a viral vector vaccine based on a human adenovirus that has been modified to contain
Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine
Synthetic DNA transposon for vertebrate genetic modification
regulatory reasons. The use of non-viral vectors avoids many, but not all, of the defenses that cells employ against vectors. Plasmids, the circular DNAs shown
Sleeping Beauty transposon system
Sleeping_Beauty_transposon_system
Genus of viruses
Wang, Yi; Ma, Hong; Tai, Phillip W. L.; Gao, Guangping (2021-02-08). "Viral vector platforms within the gene therapy landscape". Signal Transduction and
Lentivirus
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
either pulsed with an antigen or tumour lysate or transfected with a viral vector, causing them to display the antigen. Upon transfusion into the person
Immunotherapy
Viral vector COVID-19 vaccine
The ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine, codenamed hAd5, is a non replicating viral vector COVID-19 vaccine developed by the United States-based pharmaceutical
ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine
Genetic disorder leading to severe impairment of the immune system
Work aimed at improving gene therapy is now focusing on modifying the viral vector to reduce the likelihood of oncogenesis and using zinc-finger nucleases
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Severe_combined_immunodeficiency
Russian government public health agency
centre, according to VECTOR, are:[citation needed] Basic research of causative agents of especially dangerous and socially important viral infections, and
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR
State_Research_Center_of_Virology_and_Biotechnology_VECTOR
Mosquito transmitted virus endemic to Papua New Guinea
humans through a viral vector. Some arboviruses can be maintained in a population with minimal input from the reservoir, meaning the vector can use infected
Sepik_virus
Dense cluser of restriction sites in DNA
sites are widely used in viral vectors to facilitate the insertion of therapeutic genes. In adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, an MCS is typically inserted
Multiple_cloning_site
Enzyme that catalyzes movement of transposable elements
Hackett, P.B. (2011). The Sleeping Beauty transposon system – A non-viral vector for gene therapy. Hum. Mol. Genet. (in press)Aronovich EL, McIvor RS
Transposase
DNA Sequence
used in molecular biology to increase expression of genes delivered by viral vectors. WPRE is a tripartite regulatory element with gamma, alpha, and beta
WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element
WHP_Posttranscriptional_Response_Element
British immunologist
joined the Oxford Vaccine Group. She was interested in the design of viral vector vaccines specifically for bacterial diseases. Rollier focused on bacterial
Christine_Rollier
Collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism
number of viral plaques are counted and can be used to calculate the total number of infectious viral particles in the library. Most viral vectors also carry
Genomic_library
Introduction of foreign genetic material into a host
Transgenesis can be facilitated by liposomes, enzymes, plasmid vectors, viral vectors, pronuclear injection, protoplast fusion, and ballistic DNA injection
Transgenesis
Medical researcher
as the elucidation of host immune responses to viral vectors. His work emphasizes the creation of vectors for in vivo gene therapy concentrating on adeno-associated
James_Wilson_(scientist)
American doctor
sponsored, and conducted the first clinical trial of an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene therapy injected into the skeletal muscle (1999), the first
Katherine_A._High
Process in developmental biology
Integrating viral vectors have the chance to cause mutations when inserted into the genome. One method of going around this is to excise the viral vector once
Transdifferentiation
Clinical research to establish the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines
Minhai-Kangtai, QazVac, Sinopharm BIBP, WIBP, Turkovac, and VLA2001. six viral vector vaccines: Sputnik Light, Sputnik V, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Convidecia, Janssen
COVID-19 vaccine clinical research
COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research
Scientific research area
reconstituted to display functional viral proteins, and (3) fusogenic liposomes. Viral vectors. Viral vectors exploit the viral infection pathway to enter cells
Intracellular_delivery
Biomedical engineer
testing visual function using virtual mobility tests, (2019). Trans-viral vector mediated gene transfer to the retina, (abandoned). Modified AAV8 capsid
Jean_Bennett
Way of expressing concentration
Titration W/v Mg% Virus quantification Viral titer Michael G. Kaplitt; Arthur D. Loewy (August 1, 1995). Viral vectors: gene therapy and neuroscience applications
Titer
Small DNA molecule within a cell
following delivery of a scaffold/matrix attachment region containing non-viral vector". Gene Therapy. 15 (24): 1593–1605. doi:10.1038/gt.2008.113. PMID 18633447
Plasmid
Species of virus
modified SV40 based vectors as a viral vector for gene therapy. In these helper dependent virus or packaging cell line assisted produced vectors the SV40 large
SV40
Viral vector vaccine
The Crohns MAP Vaccine is an experimental Viral vector vaccine intended to prevent or treat Crohn's disease by provoking an immune response to one possible
Crohns_MAP_Vaccine
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