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Eradicated viral disease
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally
Smallpox
Vaccine against Variola virus
The smallpox vaccine is used to prevent smallpox infection caused by the variola virus. It is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious
Smallpox_vaccine
Event leading to the last known smallpox death
In 1978, a smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom led to the death of Janet Parker, a British medical photographer. She was the last person recorded to
1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
1978_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom
The history of smallpox extends into pre-history. Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Prior to that, similar
History_of_smallpox
Smallpox Bay is a bay on the west side of San Juan Island in the U.S. state of Washington. Smallpox Bay was named for the fact that a group of indigenous
Smallpox_Bay
Building in Manhattan, New York
The Smallpox Hospital, sometimes referred to as the Renwick Smallpox Hospital and later the Maternity and Charity Hospital Training School, was a hospital
Smallpox_Hospital
epidemics in history. Pandemic portal Globalization and disease History of smallpox List of infectious diseases List of natural disasters by death toll#Deadliest
List of epidemics and pandemics
List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics
Debate about the future of smallpox samples
The smallpox virus retention debate has been going on among scientists and health officials since the smallpox virus was declared eradicated by the World
Smallpox virus retention debate
Smallpox_virus_retention_debate
2002 British docudrama
Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon is a fictional docudrama produced by Wall to Wall, showing how a single act of bioterrorism leads to terrifying consequences
Smallpox_2002
1633 smallpox outbreak
The Massachusetts smallpox epidemic or colonial epidemic was a smallpox outbreak that hit Massachusetts in 1633. Smallpox outbreaks were not confined
Massachusetts smallpox epidemic
Massachusetts_smallpox_epidemic
Smallpox was a variable yet often fatal viral infectious disease. Even with good nursing, it regularly killed around 30% of recognised cases. Though widespread
Smallpox_in_Australia
Old World plagues that decimated the indigenous population. Epidemics of smallpox, typhus, influenza, diphtheria, and measles swept the Americas subsequent
Native American disease and epidemics
Native_American_disease_and_epidemics
Japanese mythological figure
Smallpox demon (Japanese: 疱瘡神, Hōsōgami, Hōsōshin) or smallpox devil is a demon which was believed to be responsible for causing smallpox in medieval
Smallpox_demon
English physician (1749–1823)
physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are
Edward_Jenner
The history of smallpox in Mexico spans approximately 430 years, from the Spanish invasion and colonization of Central America until its official eradication
History_of_smallpox_in_Mexico
Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease
to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of diseases such as polio and tetanus from much of
Vaccination
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
a combination of bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox, and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others
Black_Death
Preparation for acquired immunity to disease
to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from
Vaccine
Former method of smallpox immunisation
was the method of inoculation first used to immunize individuals against smallpox (Variola) with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual
Variolation
Disease outbreak in Yugoslavia
The 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was the largest outbreak of smallpox in Europe after the Second World War. It was centered in Kosovo, a province of
1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak
1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak
Puritan clergyman (1663–1728)
researched the variolation method of inoculation as a means of preventing smallpox contagion, which he learned about from an African-American slave whom he
Cotton_Mather
Smallpox epidemic that afflicted much of Japan
The 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic (天平の疫病大流行, Tenpyō no ekibyō dairyūkō; "Epidemic of the Tenpyō era") was a smallpox epidemic that afflicted much
735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic
735–737_Japanese_smallpox_epidemic
Species of poxvirus
immunity to the deadly smallpox. Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). However, the origins of the smallpox vaccine became murky
Vaccinia
Disease outbreak in Australia
1789, Sydney, Australia, experienced one of its most violent outbreaks of smallpox when the disease swept through Aboriginal and colonial Australians on the
1789_Sydney_smallpox_outbreak
UK communicable disease incident
The 1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom was an outbreak of mild smallpox which began with Tony McLennan, a photographer at the Medical School
1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
1966_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
stockpiled the biological agents that cause anthrax, plague, tularemia, smallpox, botulism and others. Genetic engineering improved agent stability and
Soviet_Union
Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease
human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as smallpox. The Black Death, caused by the Plague, caused the deaths of up to half
Pandemic
Country in South America
from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2009. "Drought, Smallpox, and Emergence of Leishmania braziliensis in Northeastern Brazil" Archived
Brazil
Hindu goddess
ghouls, pustules, and diseases, and most directly linked with the disease smallpox. Shitala is worshipped on Tuesday Saptami and Ashtami (the seventh and
Shitala
Vaccine against smallpox and mpox
US) against smallpox and mpox, having fewer side effects than smallpox vaccines derived from other poxviruses. This third-generation smallpox vaccine has
Modified_vaccinia_Ankara
Disease outbreak in the United States
Between 1836 and 1840, smallpox became widespread across the Great Plains. The epidemic reached its height following the spring of 1837, when an American
1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic
1837_Great_Plains_smallpox_epidemic
Smallpox outbreak from a Soviet bioweapon test
The Aral smallpox incident was a 30 July 1971 outbreak of the viral disease which occurred as a result of a field test at a Soviet biological weapons (BW)
1971_Aral_smallpox_incident
Disease outbreak in North America
North American smallpox epidemic. Estimates based on remnant settlements say at least 130,000 people were estimated to have died from smallpox in the epidemic
1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic
1775–1782_North_American_smallpox_epidemic
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
Croydon typhoid (1937) NYC smallpox (1947) Wrocław smallpox (1963) Yugoslav smallpox (1972) London flu (1972–1973) Indian smallpox (1974) Surat plague (1994)
COVID-19_pandemic
Last naturally acquired case of smallpox (1954–2013)
person known to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola minor smallpox. The disease was diagnosed in October 1977 and Maalin made a full recovery
Ali_Maow_Maalin
opposed compulsory smallpox vaccination for smallpox from the final decades of the 19th century through the 1910s. During this period, smallpox vaccination was
Anti-vaccine_activism
Reluctance or refusal of vaccines
appropriate way to deal with smallpox outbreaks and was listed as one of the "important events in the history of smallpox control" by those most involved
Vaccine_hesitancy
Disease outbreak in Boston, USA
In 1721, Boston experienced its worst outbreak of smallpox (also known as variola). 5,759 people out of around 10,600 in Boston were infected and 844 were
1721_Boston_smallpox_outbreak
Former hospital network in Glasgow, Scotland
City of Glasgow Fever and Smallpox Hospitals (Belvidere), Glasgow, Scotland were established in 1870 and closed in 1999. The first fever hospital in Glasgow
City of Glasgow Fever and Smallpox Hospitals
City_of_Glasgow_Fever_and_Smallpox_Hospitals
War of 1529–1532. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Acts of genocide committed against Indigenous peoples in Canada
historical records as the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic. The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic started in Victoria on Vancouver Island
Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
Hospital Gouverneur Health Mount Sinai Morningside The Octagon R & S Building Smallpox Hospital Society for the Lying-In Hospital Strecker Memorial Laboratory
Empire_State_Building
11 British ships establishing an Australian penal colony
introduced smallpox in the Aboriginal population." Other historians have disputed the idea that there was a deliberate release of smallpox virus and/or
First_Fleet
Gene variant
smallpox epidemic. Although plague has killed a greater number people in a given time period, smallpox has collectively taken more lives. As smallpox
CCR5-Δ32
British virologist
Medical School, where his research focused on smallpox and monkeypox virus. Bedson was head of the smallpox laboratory at Birmingham when Janet Parker,
Henry_Bedson
Book by Michael Bennett
War Against Smallpox: Edward Jenner and the Global Spread of Vaccination is a 2020 book by historian and academic Michael J. Bennett. It describes "the
War_Against_Smallpox
epidemics of the 19th century included long-standing epidemic threats such as smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and scarlet fever. In addition, cholera emerged
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century
Diseases_and_epidemics_of_the_19th_century
Smallpox outbreak in Bradford, England
An outbreak of smallpox in Bradford in 1962 first came to attention on 11 January 1962, when a cook from the children's hospital in Bradford, West Riding
Bradford smallpox outbreak of 1962
Bradford_smallpox_outbreak_of_1962
Disease outbreak in Iceland
Iceland experienced one of its deadliest outbreaks of smallpox beginning in 1707. The epidemic, known in Iceland as Stórabóla, ultimately killed between
1707–08 Iceland smallpox epidemic
1707–08_Iceland_smallpox_epidemic
Transfers between the Old and New Worlds
culture. New WorldOld World Maize ▶ ◀ Wheat Turkey ▶ ◀ Cattle Syphilis ▶ ◀ Smallpox Smoking ▶ ◀ Christianity The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian
Columbian_exchange
Specialized agency of the United Nations
in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine
World_Health_Organization
Disease outbreak in Poland
The smallpox epidemic in Wrocław was the last outbreak of smallpox in Poland and one of the last in Europe (the 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was last)
1963 Wrocław smallpox epidemic
1963_Wrocław_smallpox_epidemic
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
his mother Fen ingested a vibranium-laced herb to gain immunity from smallpox while pregnant with her son. The effects of the herb caused her and the
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: M–Z
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_M–Z
Disease outbreak in Minnesota, United States
The 1924–1925 Minnesota smallpox epidemic was the deadliest outbreak of smallpox in the U.S. state of Minnesota. 500 people died—400 of them in the Minneapolis–Saint
1924–1925 Minnesota smallpox epidemic
1924–1925_Minnesota_smallpox_epidemic
English writer and poet (1689–1762)
Aside from her writing, Mary is also known for introducing and advocating smallpox inoculation in Britain after her return from Turkey. Her writings address
Lady_Mary_Wortley_Montagu
Siege during Pontiac's War
Ecuyer, a Swiss mercenary in British service, may have given items from a smallpox infirmary as gifts to Native American emissaries with the hope of spreading
Siege_of_Fort_Pitt
Country in South America
decline in population due to conquest as well as Eurasian diseases, such as smallpox, to which they had no immunity. Regarding the land as deserted, the Spanish
Colombia
Smallpox outbreak
The 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak occurred in March 1947 and was declared ended on April 24, 1947. The outbreak marked the largest mass vaccination
1947 New York City smallpox outbreak
1947_New_York_City_smallpox_outbreak
Viral disease of humans and animals
zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is also in this genus. Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct
Mpox
Disease outbreak in North America
The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic was a major outbreak of smallpox that began in Victoria, on Vancouver Island, and quickly spread among Indigenous
1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
1862_Pacific_Northwest_smallpox_epidemic
2002 nonfiction book by Richard Preston
the Freezer is a 2002 nonfiction book on the biological weapon agents smallpox and anthrax and how the American government develops defensive measures
The_Demon_in_the_Freezer
Disease of humans and animals
often deadly smallpox disease. Its close resemblance to the mild form of smallpox and the observation that dairy farmers were immune to smallpox inspired
Cowpox
Rejected AIDS origin hypotheses
eradicated smallpox". An article in The Times suggested this, attributing to an unnamed "adviser to WHO" the quote "I believe the smallpox vaccine theory
Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories
The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling Smallpox is a book written by Jennifer Lee Carrell. In 2015 Senator Rand Paul praised the book during
The_Speckled_Monster
Family of viruses
Chordopoxvirinae infect vertebrates. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox. Four genera of poxviruses can infect humans: Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus
Poxviridae
Public debate in Australia over British colonialism
with smallpox are almost immediately incapacitated: The idea that smallpox would spread via trade routes is untenable. Anyone suffering smallpox in its
Australian_history_wars
Japanese biological and chemical warfare unit (1936–1945)
researchers performed tests on prisoners with bubonic plague, cholera, smallpox, botulism, and other diseases. This research led to the development of
Unit_731
Medical condition
vaccine-associated smallpox rash, is a self-limiting, cutaneous condition characterized by a sudden eruption of a rash following the smallpox vaccination injection
Roseola_vaccinia
Habsburg monarch from 1740 to 1780
the Archduchess in 1723. These plans were forestalled by his death from smallpox that year. Leopold Clement's younger brother, Francis Stephen, was invited
Maria_Theresa
Pharaoh in the ancient Egypt
form of modern smallpox dates back to 1580 AD, this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had
Ramesses_V
Place in Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan
health response to a smallpox outbreak in Aral ensued once the disease was recognized as resulting from the release of weaponized smallpox from a nearby biological
Aral,_Kazakhstan
Disease outbreak in Guam
An epidemic of smallpox in 1856 on the west Pacific island of Guam, then under the control of Spain, resulted in the death of over half of the population
1856_Guam_smallpox_epidemic
The first known smallpox epidemic to strike the native peoples of the coastal and interior Pacific Northwest arrived in the early 1770s, devastating large
1770s Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
1770s_Pacific_Northwest_smallpox_epidemic
English child given cowpox vaccine
had contracted a relatively mild infection called cowpox were immune to smallpox, and successfully tested his theory on the 8-years-old James Phipps on
James_Phipps
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
either documented or speculated to have suffered from are depression, smallpox, and malaria. He took blue mass pills, which contained mercury, to treat
Abraham_Lincoln
President of the United States from 1829 to 1837
Camden, South Carolina, where they became malnourished and contracted smallpox. In late spring, the brothers were released to their mother in a prisoner
Andrew_Jackson
Infectious disease
Washington, DC: ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-072-6. Persson S (2010). Smallpox, Syphilis and Salvation: Medical Breakthroughs That Changed the World.
Tuberculosis
Country within the United Kingdom
most influential entrepreneurs in history. The physician Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine is said to have "saved more lives ... than were lost in all the
England
Country in the Caribbean
two-thirds of those few indigenous individuals who had previously survived smallpox. On 18 May 1539, conquistador Hernando de Soto departed from Havana with
Cuba
Country in the Caribbean
(2004). Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24220-3. "History of Smallpox – Smallpox Through
Haiti
Disease outbreak in North America
Between 1738 and 1739, a smallpox epidemic broke out among the Cherokee who resided in the Province of North Carolina, as well as in the Province of South
1738–1739 North Carolina smallpox epidemic
1738–1739_North_Carolina_smallpox_epidemic
1521 conquest of the Aztec capital by the Spanish Empire and rival indigenous tribes
population at the time was devastated due to a smallpox epidemic, which killed much of its leadership. Because smallpox had been endemic in Spain for centuries
Fall_of_Tenochtitlan
Elimination of a disease from all hosts
population to zero. Two infectious diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox in humans, and rinderpest in ruminants. As of 2026[update], the Carter
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication_of_infectious_diseases
U.S. state
the early 1600s, European colonists caused virgin soil epidemics such as smallpox, measles, influenza, and perhaps leptospirosis in what is now known as
Massachusetts
African man enslaved in Boston
an African (likely Akan) man who was instrumental in the mitigation of smallpox in Boston, Massachusetts. He introduced his enslaver, Puritan clergyman
Onesimus_(Bostonian)
Genus of viruses (poxes)
genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and mpox. The most widely known member of the genus is Variola virus, which causes smallpox. It was eradicated
Orthopoxvirus
Disease outbreak in India
The 1974 smallpox epidemic in India infected 188,000 people, leading to the deaths of 31,000 Indians. The media reported the smallpox epidemic as the most
1974 smallpox epidemic in India
1974_smallpox_epidemic_in_India
State in eastern India
West Bengal, causing significant strains on its infrastructure. The 1974 smallpox epidemic killed thousands. West Bengal politics underwent a major change
West_Bengal
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
agents cheating local Indians of their supplies, and their devastation from smallpox and measles spread by white settlers, he developed empathy for their plight
Ulysses_S._Grant
Last known person to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola major smallpox
naturally occurring Variola major smallpox, the more deadly variety of the disease. Rahima Banu's case of smallpox at three years old was reported to
Rahima_Banu
Method of inducing immunity against disease
variolation (from the Latin word variola = smallpox), the predecessor to the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine, introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796
Inoculation
Swiss virologist (1927–2009)
smallpox advisor for the South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) of the World Health Organization (WHO) from 1971 through the end of the WHO smallpox
Nicole_Grasset
2018 book by Mark Pallen
The Last Days of Smallpox: Tragedy in Birmingham is a 2018 nonfiction account of the events leading up to and following the 1978 smallpox outbreak in the
The_Last_Days_of_Smallpox
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
Church School, where he excelled. Stalin faced health problems: an 1884 smallpox infection left him with facial scars, and at age 12, he was seriously injured
Joseph_Stalin
1918–1920 global influenza pandemic
Croydon typhoid (1937) NYC smallpox (1947) Wrocław smallpox (1963) Yugoslav smallpox (1972) London flu (1972–1973) Indian smallpox (1974) Surat plague (1994)
Spanish_flu
British Army general (1717–1797)
contracted smallpox. A month later the use of smallpox blankets was discussed by Amherst himself in letters to Bouquet. Amherst, having learned that smallpox had
Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst
Valet to Abraham Lincoln (1833–1864)
of the onset of smallpox. At that time, an epidemic was spreading through Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's son Tad Lincoln had smallpox. Johnson tended
William_Henry_Johnson_(valet)
Vaccine against hantavirus infections
BIBP† Skycovione† Sputnik V† Valneva† Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Smallpox Tick-borne encephalitis# Varicella zoster Chicken pox# Shingles Yellow
Hantavirus_vaccine
Rapid spread of disease affecting a large number of people in a short time
immune. An example of this was the introduction European diseases such as smallpox into indigenous populations during the 16th century. A zoonosis is an infectious
Epidemic
U.S. state
Three-fourths of the native population in Virginia, however, died from smallpox and other Old World diseases during that century, disrupting their oral
Virginia
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
100 Eyed; Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Earth; Gives Light to the World
Boy/Male
Indian
Boy/Male
Arabic
Variant used for Mohammad - founder of Islamic religion. praiseworthy; glorified.
Boy/Male
Aramaic Norse
Lord.
Boy/Male
Latin
River of sorrow.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prince, Author of Tamil masterpiece silappadhikaram
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from White.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Warner, Observer, Supervisor
Girl/Female
Irish
From damh “deer†and the diminutive -in it means “little deer.â€
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
n.
A mark or pit made by smallpox.
a.
Resembling smallpox; pertaining to the disease called varioloid.
n.
Inoculation with smallpox.
n.
The act, art, or practice of vaccinating, or inoculating with the cowpox, in order to prevent or mitigate an attack of smallpox. Cf. Inoculation.
a.
Of or pertaining to the smallpox; having pits, or sunken impressions, like those of the smallpox; variolar; variolic.
v. t.
To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person with the virus of smallpox,rabies, etc. See Vaccinate.
n.
Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases.
a.
Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.
v. t.
To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.
n.
A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the condition of being umbilicated.
a.
Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.
n.
An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever.
a.
The smallpox as modified by previous inoculation or vaccination.
superl.
Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease.
n.
The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.
n.
The smallpox.
v. t.
To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox.
n.
A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.
a.
Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox vesicle.
a.
Marked by smallpox; pitted.