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Ethical theory based on maximizing well-being
Utilitarianism is a family of theories in normative ethics that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.
Utilitarianism
Philosophical aim of minimizing suffering
Negative utilitarianism (NU) is a form of negative consequentialism that can be described as the view that people should minimize the total amount of aggregate
Negative_utilitarianism
English philosopher and author (1806–1873)
a theory repugnant to his predecessors". He was a proponent of the utilitarianism of his predecessor Jeremy Bentham, and contributed to the investigation
John_Stuart_Mill
1861 essay by John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism is a book written by English philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill, considered to be a classic exposition and defense of utilitarianism
Utilitarianism_(book)
Topic in ethics
Preference utilitarianism (also known as preferentialism) is a form of utilitarianism in contemporary philosophy. Unlike value monist forms of utilitarianism, preferentialism
Preference_utilitarianism
English philosopher and jurist (1748–1832)
philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Bentham defined as the "fundamental axiom" of his philosophy the principle
Jeremy_Bentham
Ethical theory based on consequences
Historically, hedonistic utilitarianism is the paradigmatic example of a consequentialist moral theory. This form of utilitarianism holds that what matters
Consequentialism
Ethical principle; incorporates deontology into greatest-happiness thinking
Rule utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good, or that "the rightness
Rule_utilitarianism
Flavour of utilitarianism
Act utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics that states that the morally right action is the one that produces the best results in that specific
Act_utilitarianism
Philosophical study of morality
of utilitarianism have developed, including the difference between act and rule utilitarianism and between maximizing and satisficing utilitarianism. Deontology
Ethics
Polish utilitarian philosopher
ethical egoism and utilitarianism. She and Singer use an evolutionary debunking argument to damage egoism but leave utilitarianism unscathed. In On What
Katarzyna_de_Lazari-Radek
Country in northwestern Europe
ethical theory of utilitarianism, a moral philosophy first used by Jeremy Bentham and later by John Stuart Mill in his short work Utilitarianism. The BBC, founded
United_Kingdom
Moral theory
Thomas M. Scanlon (1982). Contractualism as an alternative account to utilitarianism was first proposed by John Rawls in his book A Theory of Justice (1971)
Contractualism
Branch of philosophical ethics that examines standards for morality
an action is right or wrong. Classical theories in this vein include utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and some forms of contractarianism. These theories
Normative_ethics
This is an incomplete list of advocates of utilitarianism and/or consequentialism. Epicurus Lucretius Mozi Roger Bacon Richard Cumberland John Gay Bernard
List_of_utilitarians
British philosopher and economist (1838–1900)
Essex, with his wife. Sidgwick summarizes his position in ethics as utilitarianism "on an Intuitional basis". This reflects, and disputes, the rivalry
Henry_Sidgwick
Theory of ethics
well-being. Two-level utilitarianism combines act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. In terms of two-level utilitarianism, act utilitarianism can be likened
Two-level_utilitarianism
Design philosophy of 19th–20th centuries
Form follows function is a principle of design associated with late 19th- and early 20th-century architecture and industrial design in general, which states
Form_follows_function
Family of views prioritizing pleasure
period but became a central topic in the modern era with the rise of utilitarianism. Various criticisms of hedonism emerged in the 20th century, prompting
Hedonism
Philosophical tradition of the British people
tradition of advancing and defending utilitarianism. Mill's book Utilitarianism is a philosophical defense of utilitarianism. The essay first appeared as a
British_philosophy
Australian philosopher and academic
Utilitarianism. Smart gave two arguments against rule utilitarianism. According to the first, rule utilitarianism collapses into act utilitarianism because
J._J._C._Smart
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Nihilism
View within ethics and political philosophy
give explicit priority to the worse off". Prioritarianism resembles utilitarianism, and is likewise a form of aggregative consequentialism. The term "prioritarianism"
Prioritarianism
Thought experiment critiquing utilitarianism
ethics created by philosopher Robert Nozick in 1974 as a criticism of utilitarianism. A hypothetical being, which Nozick calls the utility monster, receives
Utility_monster
Class of ethical theories
or rule-based ethics. Deontological ethics is commonly contrasted to utilitarianism and other consequentialist theories, virtue ethics, and pragmatic ethics
Deontology
Study of general and fundamental questions
Consequentialists judge actions based on their consequences. One such view is utilitarianism, which argues that actions should increase overall happiness while minimizing
Philosophy
View that people should only act in their own self-interest
obligation to help others. Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self (also known
Ethical_egoism
Version of consequentialism
possible duties we may think of. A specific type of consequentialism is utilitarianism, which says that the consequences that matter are those that affect
Negative_consequentialism
American academic
ethics, applied ethics, and political philosophy. He is a defender of utilitarianism. Norcross graduated from Oxford University in 1983 and earned his Ph
Alastair_Norcross
Political philosophy emphasising social ownership of production
(both Catholic and Protestant), natural law and natural rights theory, utilitarianism and liberal political economy. Another philosophical basis for a great
Socialism
American philosopher
He is known for his expertise on utilitarianism. Mill's On Liberty, Routledge, 1998, 2015 Liberal Utilitarianism: Social Choice Theory and J.S. Mill's
Jonathan_Riley
Decision rule of maximizing utility
"calibrate" the utility functions of the different individuals. Relative utilitarianism proposes a natural calibration mechanism. For every i ∈ I {\displaystyle
Utilitarian_rule
Book by John Stuart Mill
in 1859 under the latter's name. It applied their ethical system of utilitarianism to society and state. The Mills suggested standards for the relationship
On_Liberty
English coffee house
It was in this coffee house where Jeremy Bentham first conceived of Utilitarianism. In 2009, it rebranded itself as "QL". There is a second, smaller, QL
Queen's_Lane_Coffee_House
Branch of sociology
common political and ethical motivations for formal punishment are utilitarianism and retributivism. Both these concepts have been articulated by law-makers
Sociology_of_punishment
Problem in ethics
Another response is the conclusion that total utilitarianism must be rejected in favour of average utilitarianism, which would result in situation A+ being
Mere_addition_paradox
Life stance that embraces human reason, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism
Many secular humanists derive their moral codes from a philosophy of utilitarianism, ethical naturalism, or evolutionary ethics, and some advocate a science
Secular_humanism
Normative ethical theories
g. Hume) continued to emphasise the virtues, with the ascendancy of utilitarianism and deontological ethics, virtue theory moved to the margins of Western
Virtue_ethics
Concept of moral fairness and administration of the law
needed] Modern frameworks include concepts such as distributive justice, utilitarianism, retributive justice and restorative justice. In broad terms, distributive
Justice
considered the founders of utilitarianism, though the basic concept predates either of the two philosophers. Utilitarianism remains as one of the more
19th-century_philosophy
Systematic study of values
the overall value of the policy is positive or negative. Axiological utilitarianism accepts the additivity principle, saying that the total value is simply
Value_theory
Epistemological view centered on reason
emphasized a "politics of reason" centered upon rationality, deontology, utilitarianism, secularism, and irreligion – the latter aspect's antitheism was later
Rationalism
Philosophical aspects and arguments about suicide
toleration, with some seeing it as laudatory, depending on circumstance. Utilitarianism offers perhaps a confusing stance. For example, using Jeremy Bentham's
Philosophy_of_suicide
Uruguayan writer (1871–1917)
sense of life against the limitations of utilitarianism”. He furthers his argument by stating that utilitarianism causes certain individuals to become specialized
José_Enrique_Rodó
Experience that feels good or is enjoyable
psychological tendency to seek pleasure and to avoid pain. Classical utilitarianism connects pleasure to ethics in stating that whether an action is right
Pleasure
American philosopher (1957–2023)
related to animal rights and animal welfare, and R. M. Hare's two-level utilitarianism. At the time of his death, he was an emeritus professor in the department
Gary_Varner
Philosophical and literary concepts
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Apollonian_and_Dionysian
American philosopher
History of English Utilitarianism (first published 1902; reprinted Routledge/Thoemmes 2003). The Beginnings of English Utilitarianism (reprinted by Wentworth
Ernest_Albee
Ancient Chinese philosophy
from the supreme deity Tian, stressing the virtues of austerity and utilitarianism. Illuminating its original doctrine, later Mohist logicians were pivotal
Mohism
English philosopher and theologian
arguably be seen as an early example of Utilitarianism, as defended by Patrick Connolly. "Susanna Newcome". Utilitarianism.net. Retrieved 31 July 2022. Connolly
Susanna_Newcome
Current period in the history of Western philosophy
German idealism, positivism, socialist and materialistic thinking, utilitarianism and pragmatism, and also Christian thinkers such as Kierkegaard, who
Contemporary_philosophy
American philosopher and professor
Contemporary Ethics: Taking Account of Utilitarianism. American philosophy Ethics Business ethics Utilitarianism List of American philosophers The Nature
William_Shaw_(philosopher)
Natural Supernaturalism – Nature, philosophy of – Nazism – Negative utilitarianism – Neo-Confucianism – Neoconservatism – Neo-Hegelianism – Neohumanism
List_of_philosophies
German philosopher (1844–1900)
prominent moral philosophies of his day: Christianity, Kantianism and utilitarianism. Nietzsche's concept "God is dead" applies to the doctrines of Christendom
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Theory of value based on well-being
often seen as a type of consequentialism, and can take the form of utilitarianism. It is important for various discussions and arguments about welfarism
Welfarism
Greek goddess of sensuality and pleasure
Cyrenaics Epicureanism Ethical hedonism Libertinage Psychological hedonism Utilitarianism Yangism Key concepts Aponia Ataraxia Eudaimonia Felicific calculus Happiness
Hedone
Pain, mental, or emotional unhappiness
the doctrine of hedonistic utilitarianism. Karl Popper, in The Open Society and Its Enemies, proposed a negative utilitarianism, which prioritizes the reduction
Suffering
Philosophical thought experiment
happiness pump is a philosophical thought experiment. It is a critique of utilitarianism. A happiness pump is someone who will do anything to increase other
Happiness_pump
1866 novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Russian nihilism. In the novel, Dostoevsky pinpointed the dangers of both utilitarianism and rationalism, the main ideas of which inspired the radicals, continuing
Crime_and_Punishment
English philosopher (1929–2003)
She had approached Williams to write the opposing view of utilitarianism for Utilitarianism: For and Against with J. J. C. Smart (1973), and they had
Bernard_Williams
Russian philosophical and cultural movement
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Russian_cosmism
Genre of literary prose
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Socratic_dialogue
Aspect of law enforcement
Preventive police is that aspect of law enforcement intended to act as a deterrent to the commission of crime. Preventive policing is considered a defining
Preventive_police
Range of Indian religious traditions
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Hinduism
Property law concept
Adverse possession in common law, and the related civil law concept of usucaption (also acquisitive prescription or prescriptive acquisition), are legal
Adverse_possession
Study of the foundations of politics
developed, such as social contract theory, liberalism, conservatism, utilitarianism, Marxism, and anarchism. Political philosophy is the branch of philosophy
Political_philosophy
Rights belonging to animals
he argues. Posner calls his approach "soft utilitarianism", in contrast to Singer's "hard utilitarianism". He argues: The "soft" utilitarian position
Animal_rights
The study of the methodological principles of interpretation
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Hermeneutics
Branch of philosophy
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Philosophy_of_science
Ability to experience feelings and sensations
determining which entities deserve moral consideration, particularly in utilitarianism. The word "sentience" has been used to translate a variety of concepts
Sentience
Ideology supporting both civil and economic liberties
institutions could be rationally redesigned through the principles of utilitarianism. The Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli rejected classical
Classical_liberalism
Steps in reasoning
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Inference
Moral status and treatment of nonhuman animals
that are more widely accepted by society such as animal rights and utilitarianism. Some ethicists use the term speciesism to describe discrimination against
Animal_ethics
Proof of social welfare function being pareto efficient given three axioms
problem Risse, Mathias (2002). "Harsanyi's 'Utilitarian Theorem' and Utilitarianism". Noûs. 36 (4): 550–577. doi:10.1111/1468-0068.t01-1-00401. JSTOR 3506225
Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
Harsanyi's_utilitarian_theorem
1930 book by W. D. Ross
flaws in other ethical theories, for example, in G. E. Moore's ideal utilitarianism or in Immanuel Kant's deontology. Ross defends a realist position about
The_Right_and_the_Good
Philosophical tradition of the Irish people
the Scottish Enlightenment, was in fact from Ireland, and advocated utilitarianism and moral sense theory. Hutcheson was an early advocate of animal rights
Irish_philosophy
Theory advanced by social scientists to explain facts about the social world
theoretical traditions: functionalism, conflict, symbolic interactionism, and utilitarianism. While modern sociological theory descends predominately from functionalist
Sociological_theory
Method of reasoning via argumentation and contradiction
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Dialectic
Concept relating to distribution of rewards to group members
While the basic notion that utilitarianism builds on seems simple, one major dispute within the school of utilitarianism revolved around the conceptualisation
Distributive_justice
Ethical and physical thought experiment
baby Hitler can demonstrate the outlook of various moral philosophies: utilitarianism holds that killing baby Hitler is justified, as the potential benefits
Killing_baby_Hitler
Basic distinction in philosophy
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
Theory that life is meaningless
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Absurdism
Philosophical positions
journal requires |journal= (help) "Introduction to Utilitarianism – Utilitarianism.net". Utilitarianism. Retrieved 2022-04-14. Dundas, Paul (2002) p. 231
Moral_relativism
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
contributor to the Commission's report, developed Jeremy Bentham's theory of utilitarianism, the idea that the success of something could be measured by whether
Poor_Law_Amendment_Act_1834
1869 essay by John Stuart Mill
number of separate issues. Consistency in his approach is based on utilitarianism, and the good of society. Nothing should be ruled out because it is
The_Subjection_of_Women
Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit
happiness Political economy Postmaterialism Progress (history) Socionomics Utilitarianism Ecological footprint Happiness economics Income inequality metrics Leisure
Where-to-be-born_Index
on June 11, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2013. Ozimek, Adam. "The Harsh Utilitarianism of Man of Steel's Pa Kent". Forbes. Archived from the original on June
Characters of the DC Extended Universe
Characters_of_the_DC_Extended_Universe
Logic System in India
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Tetralemma
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
List of ancient Greek philosophers
List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers
Philosophical study of being
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Ontology
Value judgment that procreation is unethical
rectification is the limiting or conclusion of reproduction. Negative utilitarianism argues that minimizing suffering has greater moral importance than maximizing
Antinatalism
Branch of philosophy
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Philosophy_of_mind
Philosophical method and schools of philosophy
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Phenomenology_(philosophy)
Philosophical study of knowledge
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Epistemology
1854 novel by Charles Dickens
this. The Utilitarians were one of the targets of Dickens's satire. Utilitarianism was a prevalent school of thought during this period, its founders being
Hard_Times_(novel)
American political philosopher (1938–2002)
of Justice, see Nozick implicitly join Rawls's attempts to discredit utilitarianism. Nozick's case differs somewhat in that it mainly targets hedonism and
Robert_Nozick
Axiological position which prioritizes avoiding preference frustration
preference utilitarianism is an ethical theory. Antinatalism The Asymmetry (population ethics) Buddhist ethics Frustration Negative utilitarianism Painism
Antifrustrationism
1828 novel by Benjamin Disraeli
call it THE COLONIAL SYSTEM'. The main target of Popanilla's satire is utilitarianism. Prior to discovering the knowledge of Benthamite theory brought to
Popanilla
Branch of moral philosophy
animals). For this reason, utilitarianism is often associated with the term welfarist consequentialism. In utilitarianism, it is the "end result" which
Secular_ethics
Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo Kierkegaardianism Krausism Hegelianism
Truth-value_link
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
Boy/Male
French German
Guards; guardian.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. This name is very common in GA and TN.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hridyansh | ரீதà¯à®¯à®¾à®‚à®·
Piece of heart
Boy/Male
Biblical
Paternal; that pursues the steps of his father.
Male
Russian
(Евгений) Variant spelling of Russian Evgeniy, YEVGENIY means "well born."Â
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Intelligent; Brilliant Like a Ray of Sunlight
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish (chiefly northern Ireland)
English and Scottish (chiefly northern Ireland) : variant of Hawthorne.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew
Supplanter; To Protect; Form of Jacqueline; One who Supplants
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Best
Biblical
rooting out; conclusion
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
n.
The doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the end and aim of all social and political institutions.
n.
Happiness; the greatest good, or happiness, of the greatest number, -- the foundation of utilitarianism.
n.
The doctrine that virtue is founded in utility, or that virtue is defined and enforced by its tendency to promote the highest happiness of the universe.
n.
That phase of the doctrine of utilitarianism taught by Jeremy Bentham; the doctrine that the morality of actions is estimated and determined by their utility; also, the theory that the sensibility to pleasure and the recoil from pain are the only motives which influence human desires and actions, and that these are the sufficient explanation of ethical and jural conceptions.
n.
One who holds the doctrine of utilitarianism.
a.
Of or pertaining to utilitarianism; supporting utilitarianism; as, the utilitarian view of morality; the Utilitarian Society.
n.
The doctrine that utility is the sole standard of morality, so that the rectitude of an action is determined by its usefulness.