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International linguistics project
Universal Dependencies, frequently abbreviated as UD, is an international cooperative project to create a grammatical annotation framework and treebanks
Universal_Dependencies
Text corpus with tree annotations
Corpus Tübingen Treebank of English / Spontaneous Speech (TüBa-E/S)[permanent dead link] Turkish PropBank Universal Dependencies Yahoo Query Treebank
Treebank
Australian-American computer scientist (born 1965)
and Information Spreading in LFG (1999), and his work developing Universal Dependencies, from which he is the namesake of Manning's Law. Manning's PhD students
Christopher_D._Manning
Class of modern grammatical theories
head-dependent relationships. Hybrid dependency/phrase structure grammar uses dependencies between words, but also includes dependencies between phrasal nodes – see
Dependency_grammar
need to be balanced in the design and growth of universal linguistic dependencies. These dependencies are used to describe and model syntactic relations
Manning's_Law
Automatic analysis of syntactic structure of natural language
context-free parsing like CKY. Dependency parsing is parsing according to a dependency grammar formalism, such as Universal Dependencies (which is also a project
Syntactic parsing (computational linguistics)
Syntactic_parsing_(computational_linguistics)
Ontology for descriptive linguistics
"universal" coincidence), etc.). Subsequently, this was complemented with cross-lingual specifications for dependency syntax (Stanford Dependencies),
Linguistic_categories
Latest stage of the Egyptian language
Mitchell (2018). "The Coptic Universal Dependency Treebank" (PDF). Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2018). Association for
Coptic_language
Programming technique of receiving dependencies
benefit of dependency injection is decreased coupling between classes and their dependencies. By removing a client's knowledge of how its dependencies are implemented
Dependency_injection
Topics referred to by the same term
station code for Faqirabad railway station, Pakistan FQB, French Universal Dependencies syntactic treebank dataset All pages with titles beginning with
FQB
Topics referred to by the same term
nicknamed UD and Captain UD Ud (cuneiform), a sign in cuneiform writing Universal Dependencies, a project in analyzing syntax Unanimous decision, in combat sports
UD
Sociolinguistic phenomenon
Press. "UD for Armenian". Universal Dependencies. Retrieved 19 June 2026. "UD for Western Armenian". Universal Dependencies. Retrieved 19 June 2026. Domonkosi
T–V distinction in the world's languages
T–V_distinction_in_the_world's_languages
Psychology concept
present even into adulthood. Even as adults, people have certain universal dependency needs that remain constant throughout the lifespan that they are
Dependency_need
Kind of constraint on a relational database
tuple-generating dependencies and equality-generating dependencies. Embedded dependencies can express functional dependencies, join dependencies, multivalued
Embedded_dependency
Adding a note or gloss to a text
exist, the following illustrates an annotation with as used in the Universal Dependencies project. For clarity, the tab-separated values normally used have
Text_annotation
Right of every person to an equal say in politics
Universal suffrage or universal franchise refers to the right to vote being available for all adults within a jurisdiction. The idea is often endorsed
Universal_suffrage
American legal scholar
since broadened her scope to focus on the legal implications of universal dependency, vulnerability and justice. Her recent work formulates a theory of
Martha_Albertson_Fineman
Divergent Dargin language
Joakim (eds.). "Universal Dependencies for Dargwa Mehweb" (PDF). Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling
Mehweb_language
Linguistic resource
dictionaries. Inspired by the success of the Universal Dependencies for cross-linguistic annotation of syntactic dependencies, similar efforts have emerged for morphology
Morphological_dictionary
Accents typical of English in the US
Blodgett, S. L., Wei, J., & O'Connor, B. (2018, July). Twitter universal dependency parsing for African-American and mainstream American English. In
General_American_English
Government-guaranteed health care for all citizens of a country, often called universal health care, is a broad concept that has been implemented in several ways
Universal health care by country
Universal_health_care_by_country
Syntax-semantics interface
hdl:10852/61881. Gotham, Matthew; Haug, Dag T. T. (2018). "Glue semantics for Universal Dependencies" (PDF). In Butt, Miriam; King, Tracy Holloway (eds.). Proceedings
Glue_semantics
allowed for dependencies to join the UPU, listing these members separately as "Colonies, Protectorates, etc.", the Constitution of the Universal Postal Union
List of members of the Universal Postal Union
List_of_members_of_the_Universal_Postal_Union
Database constraint
join dependency is to say that the relations in the join dependency are independent of each other. Unlike in the case of functional dependencies, there
Join_dependency
Island country in the Indian Ocean
its dependencies to Britain in 1814 was general in nature, that it was beyond those called out in the Treaty of Paris, and that all the dependencies of
Mauritius
Software for handling software deployment
the dependency graph used in a package manager to handle dependencies between binary components is also used in a build manager to handle dependencies between
Package_manager
1815–1954 Dutch colony in the Caribbean
The Colony of Curaçao and Dependencies (Dutch: Kolonie Curaçao en onderhorigheden; Papiamento: Kolonia di Kòrsou i dependensianan) was a Dutch colony in
Colony of Curaçao and Dependencies
Colony_of_Curaçao_and_Dependencies
Office". Government of Belize Press Office. Retrieved 2 January 2026. El Universal (Mexico) in Spanish Al Jazeera (Latin America) in English Associated Press
2026_in_Central_America
British crown colony in the Caribbean (1655–1962)
The Crown Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies was a Crown colony of the British Empire from 1655 to 1962. English forces launched an invasion of Jamaica
Colony_of_Jamaica
Dioceses immediately subject to the Holy See (Latin Dioecesis Sedi Apostolicae immediately subiecta) in the Catholic Church are dioceses or ecclesiastical
Ecclesiastical circumscription immediately subject to the Holy See
Ecclesiastical_circumscription_immediately_subject_to_the_Holy_See
Type of chart to show a project schedule
or behind schedule. Linked Gantt charts contain lines indicating the dependencies between tasks. However, linked Gantt charts quickly become cluttered
Gantt_chart
British territorial possession in Sri Lanka (1796–1948)
the Island of Ceylon with its Dependencies from 1802 to 1833, then the Island of Ceylon and its Territories and Dependencies from 1833 to 1931 and finally
British_Ceylon
Subgroup of islands in the West Indies
main island of Puerto Rico, they extend southeast to Guadeloupe and its dependencies. They lie north of the Windward Islands, southern islands from Dominica
Leeward_Islands
Territories under United Kingdom sovereignty
There are fourteen British Overseas Territories, and three Crown dependencies which are under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom but not part of the
Membership of British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies in international organisations
Membership_of_British_Overseas_Territories_and_Crown_Dependencies_in_international_organisations
French territory in the southwest Pacific Ocean
Previously known officially as the "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" (Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances), then simply as
New_Caledonia
the Crown dependencies: Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man Commons, The Committee Office, House of. "House of Commons – Crown Dependencies – Justice
Administrative geography of the United Kingdom
Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom
Key Human Rights Concerns". Amnesty International Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review. Amnesty International. January–February 2014. Retrieved
Jehovah's Witnesses by country
Jehovah's_Witnesses_by_country
Identifier for the UTC +0 offset
explanation below) Portugal (WET) United Kingdom and the adjacent Crown Dependencies (Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) (GMT) (England, Wales, Scotland
UTC+00:00
Sociological term
Welfare dependency is the state in which a person or household is reliant on government welfare benefits for their income for a prolonged period of time
Welfare_dependency
Allowing self-care so far as possible
patient's dependencies or each of the self-care deficits on the following scale: Total Compensation Partial Compensation Educative/Supportive The Universal Self-Care
Self-care deficit nursing theory
Self-care_deficit_nursing_theory
Physical artifact that formerly defined the kilogram
the mole and candela were proportional to the mass of the IPK. These dependencies then extend to many chemical, photometric, and electrical units: kat
International Prototype of the Kilogram
International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram
Ross Dependency, McMurdo Station and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica maintain NZST/NZDT. The zones for New Zealand, its dependencies, and
Time_in_New_Zealand
This article provides a comprehensive list of countries, dependencies, political and territorial entities, anarchist regions, autonomous areas and provisional
List of short-lived states and dependencies
List_of_short-lived_states_and_dependencies
UK Government appointment from 2010 to 2016
Under Duncan Smith, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) rolled out Universal Credit and a new Work Programme, as well as implemented a real terms cut
Iain Duncan Smith as Work and Pensions Secretary
Iain_Duncan_Smith_as_Work_and_Pensions_Secretary
Office". Government of Belize Press Office. Retrieved November 1, 2024. El Universal (Mexico) in Spanish Al Jazeera (Latin America) in English Associated Press
2025_in_Central_America
Reduction of data redundancy
(attributes) and tables (relations) of a database to ensure that their dependencies are properly enforced by database integrity constraints. It is accomplished
Database_normalization
Military coalition of World War II
held multiple island dependencies such as American Samoa, Guam, Hawaii, Midway Islands, Wake Island and others. These dependencies were directly involved
Allies_of_World_War_II
Country in northwestern Europe
Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories. ONS Standard Area Measurement, 'area to mean high water'. Excludes the Crown Dependencies and British
United_Kingdom
Crown Dependency in the English Channel
Mut Bosque, Maria (May 2020). "The sovereignty of the British Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories in the Brexit era". Island Studies
Bailiwick_of_Guernsey
Video game character
analysis regarding his similarities to King Kong (which sparked the 1983 Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd. lawsuit), his gender role, and
Donkey_Kong_(character)
a New Zealand Postmaster, and provided with 23,492 New Zealand "Penny Universal" stamps, overprinted "King Edward VII Land", for use on the expedition
Postage stamps and postal history of the Ross Dependency
Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Ross_Dependency
Overview of the current status of universal basic income around the world
Universal basic income (UBI) is discussed in many countries. This article gives an overview of national and regional debates. Starting from November 2017
Universal basic income by country
Universal_basic_income_by_country
Prime Minister of Italy since 2022
diesel cars from 2035 that would "condemn [Europe] to new strategic dependencies, such as China's electric [vehicles]". According to Meloni: "Reducing
Giorgia_Meloni
nautical navigation and effectively establishing Greenwich as the de facto universal prime meridian. 1765 James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
Country in Southwestern Europe
Philipp Strobl (eds.). The end of empires. Universal- und kulturhistorische studien. Studies in universal and cultural history. Wiesbaden: Springer VS
Portugal
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Turkmenistan were formed from parts of Russia's Turkestan ASSR and two Soviet dependencies, the Khorezm and Bukharan PSPs. In 1929, Tajikistan was split off from
Soviet_Union
1897–1958 French colony off the coast of southeast Africa
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (French: Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances) was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between
French_Madagascar
Political union of partially self-governing territories under a national government
or "federation without federalism". The relation between the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey in the Channel
Federation
American singer and actor (1935–1977)
2020. "Red Carpet for Elvis LP". Billboard. April 18, 1960. p. 11. "Universal Music can't help falling for Elvis Presley, to manage song catalog". Reuters
Elvis_Presley
Country primarily in North America
The United States is the only developed country without a system of universal healthcare, and a significant proportion of the population that does not
United_States
Cohort born from 1997 to 2012
such as radio or television. Having a mobile device has become almost universal by the time the first wave of Generation Z reaches adolescence. Some even
Generation_Z
Mobile content converter
Free and open-source software portal RetroCode is a universal mobile content converter originally created by Retro Ringtones LLC. RetroCode is able to
RetroCode
Series of German/American action films
and Liman constantly arguing with Universal's executives. The Bourne Identity was released in June 2002. Universal confirmed at a media conference in
Bourne_(franchise)
Syntactic theory
grammatical relations provide the ideal means to state syntactic rules in universal terms. Relational grammar began as an alternative to transformational
Relational_grammar
West African ethnic group
Lapidus, paved the way for massive conversions to Islam, yet not a nearly universal conversion. In the late 19th century, as the French colonial forces launched
Wolof_people
Concept in Nihonjinron
affectionate, trusting bonds in Japan. Doi posited that while dependency needs are universal, Japan's explicit vocabulary and cultural acceptance of amae
Amae
Appointments made by King Charles III
Ireland. Dennis Kirk. Constable, Police Service of Northern Ireland. Crown Dependencies Christopher Paul Beechey. Detective Chief Inspector, State of Jersey
2025_Birthday_Honours
List of historical separatist movements List of short-lived states and dependencies List of micronations Not to be confused with the neighbouring state currently
List of historical unrecognized states
List_of_historical_unrecognized_states
Mail service company in Jersey
in 1969 as a result of an Order in Council which enabled the Crown Dependencies to establish independent postal services. Jersey is postcoded as the
Jersey_Post
2026 encyclical of Pope Leo XIV
lacking adequate social discernment. Freedom is reread in light of digital dependencies, the massive collection of data, and the invisible influences on behavior
Magnifica_humanitas
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Ottoman sultan" in Peter Fibiger Bang, and Dariusz Kolodziejczyk, eds. Universal Empire: A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation
Ottoman_Empire
SI unit of temperature
kelvin now only depends on the Boltzmann constant and universal constants (see 2019 SI unit dependencies diagram), allowing the kelvin to be expressed as:
Kelvin
Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm
Cyril; Kosowski, Adrian; Lebhar, Emmanuelle; Lotker, Zvi (17 May 2009). "Universal augmentation schemes for network navigability". Theoretical Computer Science
Hierarchical navigable small world
Hierarchical_navigable_small_world
new complexity and variation. Operator grammar posits three universal constraints: dependency (certain words depend on the presence of other words to form
Operator_grammar
Multi-sport event in Delhi, India
October 2010. A total of 4,352 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed 272 events across 21 sports making it the largest Commonwealth
2010_Commonwealth_Games
Proposed constraint in theoretical linguistics
coming from restrictions in parsing on rightward-dependencies. Cecchetto proposes that if backward dependencies cannot cross phrase structure boundaries, then
Final-over-final_constraint
Generalization of strings in computer science
quotient monoid now called the trace monoid. The trace monoid is universal, in that all dependency-homomorphic (see below) monoids are in fact isomorphic. Trace
Trace_monoid
Political association which developed from the British Empire
be any of the remaining inhabited British Overseas Territories, Crown Dependencies, Australian external territories and the Associated States of New Zealand
Commonwealth_of_Nations
American streaming video service
and Niue and the dependent territory of Tokelau. Including the Crown Dependencies of Guernsey, Isle of Man and Jersey, and the Overseas Territories of
Tubi
permanent presence and assert Britain's claim to the Falkland Islands Dependencies, as well as to deny use of the area to the Kriegsmarine, which was known
World_War_II_by_country
Dutch Caribbean island
improved facilities and government benefits including, but not limited to, universal health care; improved health care facilities; better educational facilities
Bonaire
Country in East Asia
seats, whose popularly elected members serve six-year terms. There is universal suffrage for adults over 18 years of age, with a secret ballot for all
Japan
British government recognitions
Group and Senior Responsible Officer, Universal Credit, Department for Work and Pensions. For services to Universal Credit Nicholas Karl Elliott MBE – Lately
2021_Birthday_Honours
Congolese musician (born 1997)
colloquialism loosely translating as "you do harm," is a commentary on universal negative behavior. "Ozo Beta Mabe" garnered significant popularity in
Innoss'B
How voters decide how to vote
countries, based on their political environment, meaning that there is no universal explanation for voting cleavage in all democratic countries. Each factor
Voting_behavior
List of software distributions using the Linux kernel
the drive. Pacman is a package manager that is capable of resolving dependencies and automatically downloading and installing all necessary packages.
List_of_Linux_distributions
Non-governmental organization
United Purpose, formerly known as Concern Universal, is an international development and emergency relief organization that works in a number of the poorest
United_Purpose
British royal recognitions
services to Innovation. Selina Marie Webb. Executive Vice President, Universal Music UK. For services to the Music Industry, to Neurodiversity and to
2024_New_Year_Honours
2024 film by Luca Guadagnino
(September 2, 2024). "Luca Guadagnino Unpacks Queer: How Burroughs' 'Universal' Love Story, Casting Daniel Craig and Lots of On-Screen Sex Resulted in
Queer_(film)
Global population estimates report produced by the United Nations
By combining these components, WPP yields "population pyramids" and dependency ratios that are widely used in research and planning. In practice, the
World_Population_Prospects
British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea
Crown Dependencies (PDF), UK Ministry of Justice, archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2021, retrieved 2 May 2023, The Crown Dependencies are
Isle_of_Man
Urban accessibility concept
transit ride from any point in the city. This approach aims to reduce car dependency, promote healthy and sustainable living, and improve wellbeing and quality
15-minute_city
Period in Argentine cinema history
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Warner Bros., Twentieth Century-Fox, Columbia, Universal and United Artists, all of which had offices in Buenos Aires and other
Golden Age of Argentine cinema
Golden_Age_of_Argentine_cinema
Inhabited Singleton Finite Infinite Transitive Ultrafilter Recursive Fuzzy Universal Universe constructible Grothendieck Von Neumann Maps, cardinality Function/Map
List_of_mathematical_proofs
1874 treaty establishing the Universal Postal Union
1874, established the General Postal Union, which is today known as the Universal Postal Union. Named for the Swiss city of Bern, where it was signed, the
Treaty_of_Bern
Country in South Asia
Matthias, eds. (12 January 2013). Peripheralization: The Making of Spatial Dependencies and Social Injustice. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-531-19018-1
Pakistan
Free and open source cross-platform software platform developed by Microsoft
increase in an existing dependency. It should happen yearly. Minor versions are incremented with the addition of API features, dependencies, or with the minor
.NET
as head of state, unlike other Commonwealth countries that are either dependencies, republics or have a different royal house. All fifteen realms are constitutional
List_of_current_monarchies
Overseas territories controlled by the Dutch Republic and the Netherlands
India (1605–1825) Dutch Gold Coast (1612–1872) Colony of Curaçao and Dependencies (1634–1954), followed by the Dutch Antilles (1954–2010) New Netherland
Dutch_colonial_empire
1995 film by Mike Figgis
score of 82 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 23 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Roger Ebert from Chicago Sun-Times and Rick Groen from The Globe
Leaving_Las_Vegas
UNIVERSAL DEPENDENCIES
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