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Overview of the current status of universal basic income around the world
Universal basic income (UBI) is discussed in many countries. This article gives an overview of national and regional debates. Starting from November 2017
Universal basic income by country
Universal_basic_income_by_country
Unconditional social welfare proposal
Universal basic income (UBI) is a social welfare proposal in which all members of a given population regularly receive a minimum income in the form of
Universal_basic_income
Universal basic income (Swedish: basinkomst or medborgarlön) has been debated in the Nordic countries since the 1970s. From 1 January 2017 to 1 January
Universal basic income in the Nordic countries
Universal_basic_income_in_the_Nordic_countries
Universal basic income in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income tax and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate
Universal basic income in Canada
Universal_basic_income_in_Canada
Type of experiments
implementation of universal basic income (UBI), or the related concept of negative income tax (NIT), including partial universal basic income and similar programs
Universal_basic_income_pilots
Universal basic income and negative income tax, which is a related system, has been debated in the United States since the 1960s, and to a smaller extent
Universal basic income in the United States
Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_States
Universal basic income in India refers to the debate and practical experiments with universal basic income (UBI) in India. The greatest impetus has come
Universal basic income in India
Universal_basic_income_in_India
Universal basic income in the United Kingdom has not been implemented. Interest in and support for universal basic income has increased substantially
Universal basic income in the United Kingdom
Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom
Universal basic income in Germany (German: Grundeinkommen) has been discussed since the 1970s, with emphasis placed on its unconditional dimension by
Universal basic income in Germany
Universal_basic_income_in_Germany
In Brazil, universal basic income has been discussed at least since the 1980s. In 2001 a law was introduced by Senator Eduardo Suplicy of the Brazilian
Universal basic income in Brazil
Universal_basic_income_in_Brazil
Universal basic income refers to a social welfare system where all citizens or residents of a country receive an unconditional lump sum income, meaning
Universal basic income in Japan
Universal_basic_income_in_Japan
The issue of the universal basic income gained prominence on the political agenda in Netherlands between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s but it has disappeared
Universal basic income in the Netherlands
Universal_basic_income_in_the_Netherlands
American adult animated sitcom
enrolled in a universal basic income pilot program when their jobs are taken over by AI-powered robots, and left with a monthly income and a lot of free
Universal_Basic_Guys
publicly expressed support or are working for the introduction of a universal basic income (UBI). Özgür Özel, Chairman of Republican People's Party Dieter
List of advocates of universal basic income
List_of_advocates_of_universal_basic_income
Social security system
Universal basic services (UBS) is an idea of a form of social security in which all citizens or residents of a community, region, or country receive unconditional
Universal_basic_services
Government-guaranteed health care for all citizens of a country, often called universal health care, is a broad concept that has been implemented in several
Universal health care by country
Universal_health_care_by_country
German political party
in other countries that are formed solely around a universal basic income proposal. These include: Basinkomstpartiet, Sweden The Basic Income Party, Korea
Basic_Income_Alliance
public institution, independent of any other income. This is a list of alternates to universal basic income that intends to give all citizens of a population
List_of_basic_income_models
British labour economist (born 1948)
deliberative democracy, commons, and has become a major advocate of universal basic income. Standing was elected Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and
Guy_Standing_(economist)
Financial return on society's capital assets
dividend overlaps with the concept of a universal basic income guarantee, but is distinguished from basic income in that a social dividend implies social
Social_dividend
Social-welfare system
sole qualification, the program becomes a universal basic income (UBI). Unlike a guaranteed minimum income, UBI does not typically take into account what
Guaranteed_minimum_income
Wealth gained over a given time period
most famous being Universal Basic Income. Universal Basic Income is a periodic receival of cash given to individuals on universal and unconditional basis
Income
2016 book by Rutger Bregman
Utopia for Realists: The Case for a Universal Basic Income, Open Borders, and a 15-hour Workweek (alternatively subtitled And How We Can Get There and
Utopia_for_Realists
Proposed tax reform
view that the state should supplement the income of the poor has a long history (see Universal basic income § History). Such payments are called benefits
Negative_income_tax
a Basic Income Pilot Program in the State of Hamburg" by the initiative Hamburg testet Grundeinkommen (lit. "Hamburg tests universal basic income") and
2025_Hamburg_referendums
Type of health care system
Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of
Universal_health_care
Universal inheritance or basic inheritance is a proposal for all citizens, upon reaching a certain age, to receive an economic endowment from the State
Universal_inheritance
Legislative strategy to disincentivize the replacement of workers by machines
dominated by robots for decades. He has instead proposed a variation of universal basic income called the "universal basic dividend" to combat income polarization
Robot_tax
Nonprofit organization
Africa. Since 2020, Social Income has been running an open-ended universal basic income program in Sierra Leone. Social Income was established in December
Social_Income
Brazilian politician (born 1941)
Brazil. Suplicy is primarily known for being an early supporter of universal basic income. Suplicy was a candidate for President of Brazil in the 2002 election
Eduardo_Suplicy
Aspect of poverty measurement
then defined as the amount of income required to satisfy the needs of the people. The "basic needs" approach was introduced by the International Labour Organization's
Basic_needs
American labor leader
Project. He is the author of two books, A Country That Works (2006), and Raising the Floor: How a Universal Basic Income Can Renew Our Economy and Rebuild the
Andy_Stern
American non-profit organization
Stockton to Brazil — but notion of 'universal basic income' far from reality". Washington Post. "Universal basic income is here—it just looks different from
Economic_Security_Project
German businessman (1944–2022)
dm-drogerie markt retail store chain. He was also known as an advocate of universal basic income (UBI). In 2013, Manager Magazin estimated his net worth to be around
Götz_Werner
Academic and author
development in a range of middle and high income countries. Her 2019 book, The Case for Universal Basic Income was published by Polity Books. The book was showcased
Louise_Haagh
German entrepreneur, author and activist
Rüdersdorf) is a German entrepreneur, author and activist for universal basic income in the country. In 2014, he founded the association Mein Grundeinkommen
Michael_Bohmeyer
Finnish politician and writer
proposed a detailed basic income scheme differentiated for household composition. Universal basic income in the Nordic countries Osmo Soininvaara (1994)
Osmo_Soininvaara
Belgian political philosopher and political economist (born 1951)
concept of an unconditional basic income and for the first systematic treatment of linguistic justice. In 2020, he was listed by Prospect as the eighth-greatest
Philippe_Van_Parijs
Kingdom United Kingdom labour law Universal basic income in the United Kingdom Universal Credit "Household disposable income and inequality in the UK". www
Income_in_the_United_Kingdom
Nonprofit organization
to test universal basic income in order to "try to permanently end extreme poverty across dozens of villages and thousands of people in Kenya by guaranteeing
GiveDirectly
United States think tank advocating socialist and social-democratic economic ideas
Resistances to Triumph (SUPPORT) Act, which would establish a system of universal basic income for all Americans. 3P's Family Fun Pack proposal advocates for a
People's_Policy_Project
American lawyer and commentator (born 1988)
success of such a program in European countries like Austria and Sweden. Bruenig writes that an universal basic income is "a way of dealing with the capital
Matt_Bruenig
Type of health care system
model mostly employ a universal health care system. The universal health care system ensures that all residents within a country are guaranteed access
Beveridge_model
consists of a basic income and a supplemental income. The basic income can be accessed at age 67 and the set amount is not determined by any hours a person
Pensions_in_Denmark
German political party
circumcision of children. The party also supports the implementation of universal basic income. The party is considered left of the political centre. Currently
Party_of_Humanists
Countries that exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development
criterion based on the gross national income (GNI) per capita averaged over three years. As of 2024[update], a country must have GNI per capita less than
Least_developed_countries
South Korean politician (born 1990)
basis for the impeachment of the responsible minister. She presents universal basic income as an alternative to inequality and the climate crisis in the post-pandemic
Yong_Hye-in
Short-term unsecured loan
then the lender can attempt to recover costs by repossessing and reselling the car. Many countries offer basic banking services through their postal systems
Payday_loan
Accumulation of sufficient resources to not need employment
classification may vary by country. Wages, salaries, material participation in trade or business constitutes active income. Portfolio income includes interest
Financial_independence
Blockchain protocol
activity or resource and introduces the opportunity to create a universal basic income (UBI) for individuals. The proof of identity solves the problem
Proof of identity (blockchain consensus)
Proof_of_identity_(blockchain_consensus)
Unequal access to higher quality healthcare
surgeries), while most basic essential services are provided by the public healthcare systems, which are primarily administered by the country's 13 provinces and
Two-tier_healthcare
Government cash transfer program
undertaking reforms to reduce the country's dependency on oil revenues. The Citizen's Account, which is a form of basic income, is intended to soften the impacts
Citizen's Account Program (Saudi Arabia)
Citizen's_Account_Program_(Saudi_Arabia)
Value that has the same worth for all people
Unconditional love Unconditional positive regard Universal basic income Universal basic services Universalism Value system Jahanbegloo 1991, p. 37 Sen 1999, p. 12
Universal_value
collective labour agreements. See also Guaranteed minimum income and Universal basic income. Austria Denmark Finland Iceland Italy Liechtenstein Norway
List of European countries by minimum wage
List_of_European_countries_by_minimum_wage
Form of periodic payment from an employer to an employee
neto) is significant, as taxes and social security contributions vary by income level and region. Spanish media often highlight this gap, with reports
Salary
Political party in Wales
progressive approach to social policies, including supporting a universal basic income and transitioning to a four day working week. It also supports the
Wales_Green_Party
Class of wage-earners in a tenuous job situation close to unemployment
KingdomPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Universal basic income – Unconditional social welfare proposal Victimology – Study of victimization
Precariat
income, receiving an average of KRW 90,000. Basic old-age pension schemes cover individuals aged 65 and older who were earning below an amount set by
Pension_policy_in_South_Korea
Non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to normal wages or salaries
meals and lodging may be excluded from an employee's gross income. If meals are furnished (1) by the employer; (2) for the employer's convenience; and (3)
Employee_benefits
System giving employees stake in a company's ownership
held by all or most employees (or on their behalf by a trust). There are three basic forms of employee ownership: direct ownership of shares by all employees
Employee_stock_ownership
Form of taxation in China
Individual income tax is a kind of income tax levied by the state on the income of citizens and individuals living in the country and the income derived
Income_tax_in_China
the listed country. Top Marginal Tax Rates In Europe 2022 Payroll and income tax by OECD Country (2021) Federal Sales Taxes The quoted income tax rate is
Tax_rates_in_Europe
Professional who buys and sells shares for others
market participant in return for a commission, markup, or fee. In most countries they are regulated as a broker or broker-dealer and may need to hold a
Stockbroker
Finnish political party
Pentti Linkola Kirjava "Puolue" – Elonkehän Puolesta Universal basic income in the Nordic countries Neihum, Alec (21 August 2024). "Kaksi puoluetta menettää
Green_League
British politician (born 1960)
on the Government to commission research into the effects of a universal basic income and examine its feasibility to replace the UK's existing social
Caroline_Lucas
Pension system for all residents of Japan
survivors basic pension in the case of unexpected circumstances. People in their 20s can use the contribution postponement system for low-income youth. Students
National_Pension_(Japan)
Concept that some ideas have universal applicability
Universalism is the philosophical and theological concept that some ideas have universal application or applicability. A belief in one fundamental truth
Universalism
Meta-ethical position that a system of ethics applies to all
universalism Cultural universal Moral particularism Natural law Philosophical universalism Universal basic income Universal basic services Universal value
Moral_universalism
Regular cash transfer to older people
source of income. The first attempt at cash transfers to the elderly population was seen at the end of the 19th century. One of the first countries that introduced
Social_pension
Condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs
denied universal human rights and basic economic opportunities". The UN least developed country (LDC) conferences were a series of summits organized by the
Extreme_poverty
President of South Korea since 2025
campaign pledges was a promise to implement universal basic income. Lee implemented various basic income programs for residents during his time as mayor
Lee_Jae_Myung
Canadian pension program
eligible to receive an income-tested allowance while they are aged 60 to 64. Old Age Security (OAS) is a monthly basic income available to qualifying
Old_Age_Security
seats are elected by the following methods: 254 constituency seats are elected via first-past-the-post voting 46 seats are elected by proportional representation
Next South Korean legislative election
Next_South_Korean_legislative_election
Finnish political party
outside as social democratic. The party supports introducing a universal basic income and prioritizes supporting the weakest members of society. The Left
Left_Alliance_(Finland)
Political party in Germany
They advocate a basic income on the following grounds: It must be a living wage. There must be an individual entitlement. The income must not be means-tested
V-Partei3
American political party
dissatisfied with the American two-party system, and advocated a universal basic income within humanistic capitalism. It continues to support electoral
Forward_Party_(United_States)
American businessman and politician (born 1975)
His signature policy, a monthly universal basic income (UBI) of $1,000, was intended to offset job displacement by automation. Media outlets described
Andrew_Yang
2018 book by David Graeber
with virtuous suffering is recent in human history and proposes universal basic income as a potential solution which would allow individuals to choose
Bullshit_Jobs
The table below shows the pension systems pillars by country. Pension entitlements by funding type in % of total in year 2021. Some of the listed systems
Pension_systems_by_country
Measures to reduce poverty permanently
Redistribution of income and wealth Social dividend Social protection floor Social safety net Social work Theories of poverty Universal basic income "Women's Empowerment
Poverty_reduction
Anti-poverty services provided by the state; NGO Advocacy
welfare provision Solidarity economy State pension Universal basic income Universal basic services Universal inheritance Welfare World Bank. 2018. "The State
Social_safety_net
Minimum income to meet a worker's basic needs
A living wage is the minimum income required for a worker to meet their basic needs. This is not the same as a subsistence wage, which refers to a biological
Living_wage
Retirement fund
at old age. Over 80 countries have social pensions. Examples of universal pensions include New Zealand Superannuation and the Basic Retirement Pension
Pension
Spanish economist, politician and researcher
development studies and basic income. He is a member of the Board of the Spanish Basic Income Network and a lifetime member of the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN)
Julen_Bollain
and universal social welfare policies on reduction of poverty and income inequality. Using data from 18 OECD countries and the Luxembourg Income Study
Welfare's_effect_on_poverty
Healthcare in Georgia is provided by a universal health care system under which the state funds medical treatment in a mainly privatized system of medical
Healthcare in Georgia (country)
Healthcare_in_Georgia_(country)
Political party in Sweden
party mostly focused on the environment, an unconditional income floor with a basic income and alternative medicine. The party has taken part in every
Unity (Swedish political party)
Unity_(Swedish_political_party)
Type of employee benefit plan in the US
constructively received by the participant. Therefore, those contributions are not generally considered wages for federal income tax purposes, nor are they
Cafeteria_plan
services thereby protecting people from financial ruin. Universal health coverage explores basic ethical principles that guide what services are provided
Health_in_Gabon
Life insurance providing coverage for a fixed period with no cash-value component
taxable income. However, any interest that it accumulates over or any estate additions caused by it is liable to be taxed. Some permanent universal life
Term_life_insurance
Series of payments made at equal intervals
commonly issued by life insurance companies, where an individual pays a lump sum or a series of premiums in return for regular income payments, often
Annuity
State benefit in the UK, introduced in April 2003
reduced first until 'exhausted' at an income level that can be calculated from the first threshold and the basic award. For a couple, for instance, this
Working_Tax_Credit
2016 British film
piece to the film, The Cost of Living, a documentary concerning universal basic income in Britain, was released on Amazon Prime on 8 October 2020. World
The_Future_of_Work_and_Death
Aspect of life in El Salvador
amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 82.9% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. El Salvador falls into the "fair"
Health_in_El_Salvador
British economist (1944–2017)
could shift the inequality in income distribution in developed countries. He also advocated the introduction of a basic income. He was one of the authors
Tony_Atkinson
Beyond optimum economic growth
to Degrowth in Overdeveloped Countries Tim Jackson (economist) Traditional trades Uneconomic growth Universal Basic Income Post Growth Institute. "Post
Post-growth
Book by Manu Saadia
economic theory of universal basic income, specifically, both as a response to COVID and as an imperative for racial justice described by Martin Luther King
Trekonomics
Obligation of repayment without a collateral
personal loans in Malaysia are influenced by either one of these factors: loan amount, loan tenure and income of the applicant. In some cases, the bank
Unsecured_debt
German political party
their 2021 party program, Die PARTEI supports the implementation of universal basic income. Titanic, whose employees would go on to populate the ranks of the
Die_PARTEI
Minor party in Germany
in the basic program with various measures proposed to improve conditions, including reform of Hartz IV to introduce unconditional basic income, increase
Democracy_in_Motion
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
Boy/Male
Tamil
Basic, Foundation
Female
English
Feminine form of French Nicolas, NICOLE means "victor of the people."
Female
Hebrew
 Variant spelling of Hebrew Basya, BASIA means "daughter of God."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Basic, Foundation
Boy/Male
Muslim
Clear
Boy/Male
Tamil
Basic, Foundation
Boy/Male
Hindu
King, Basil the herb
Male
English
 English form of French Basile, BASIL means "king." Also sometimes given as an herb name.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a medieval personal name, ultimately from Greek Basileios ‘royal’. The name was borne by a 4th-century bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, regarded as one of the four Fathers of the Eastern Church; he wrote important theological works and established a rule for religious orders of monks. Various other saints are also known under these and cognate names. The popularity of Vasili as a Russian personal name is largely due to the fact that this was the ecclesiastical name of St. Vladimir (956–1015), Prince of Kiev, who was chiefly responsible for the introduction of Christianity to Russia. As an American surname, this has also absorbed some Greek, Russian, and other derivatives of Greek Vasili.
Boy/Male
Tamil
King, Basil the herb
Boy/Male
Hindu
Basic, Foundation
Boy/Male
Muslim
King, Basil the herb (1)
Boy/Male
Greek
Royal. Kingly. St Basil the Great was Bishop of Caesarea in the latter half of the 4th century....
Boy/Male
Muslim
Vast, Spacious, One who stretches, Enlarges
Boy/Male
Indian
Sweet Basil, Favored by God
Boy/Male
Greek American English
Royal. Kingly. St Basil the Great was Bishop of Caesarea in the latter half of the 4th century....
Boy/Male
Indian
Sweet Basil, Favored by God
Boy/Male
Muslim
Vision, Propitious, Auspicious, Prudent, Bringer of glad tidings
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sweet Basil, Favored by God
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sweet Basil, Favored by God
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
Girl/Female
Arabic Muslim
Virgin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Pinnock.
Boy/Male
Tamil
A musical note
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Guest
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Lord of the Universe
Girl/Female
Indian, Malayalam, Modern
Beautiful Fragrance
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Leader of World
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Lane.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Virurch | விரà¯à®°à¯à®š
The holy Trinity
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Child of Ayyappan
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
UNIVERSAL BASIC-INCOME-BY-COUNTRY
n.
The quantity contained in a basin.
n.
That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses, the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.; revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from property; as, a large income.
pref.
In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me.
adv.
In a universal manner; without exception; as, God's laws are universally binding on his creatures.
a.
Of or pertaining to barium; as, baric oxide.
v. t.
To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands.
n.
A general abstract conception, so called from being universally applicable to, or predicable of, each individual or species contained under it.
a.
Of or pertaining to the universe; extending to, including, or affecting, the whole number, quantity, or space; unlimited; general; all-reaching; all-pervading; as, universal ruin; universal good; universal benevolence or benefice.
a.
Constituting or considered as a whole; total; entire; whole; as, the universal world.
n.
The whole; the general system of the universe; the universe.
p. p.
of Become
a.
Universal.
a.
Adapted or adaptable to all or to various uses, shapes, sizes, etc.; as, a universal milling machine.
n.
The name given to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the common or sweet basil (Ocymum basilicum), and the bush basil, or lesser basil (O. minimum), the leaves of which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several kinds of mountain mint (Pycnanthemum).
a.
Forming the whole of a genus; relatively unlimited in extension; affirmed or denied of the whole of a subject; as, a universal proposition; -- opposed to particular; e. g. (universal affirmative) All men are animals; (universal negative) No men are omniscient.
n.
Universal measurement.
n.
A universal proposition. See Universal, a., 4.
a.
Out of the common path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by-design, by-interest, etc.
adv.
Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.