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Class of wage-earners in a tenuous job situation close to unemployment
In sociology and economics, the precariat (/prɪˈkɛəriət/) is a social class formed by people suffering from precarity, which means existing without predictability
Precariat
British labour economist (born 1948)
the 2011 publication of his book The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, his work has focused on the precariat, deliberative democracy, commons, and
Guy_Standing_(economist)
2013 survey of social class in the United Kingdom
class structure, in addition to an ageing traditional working class, a ‘precariat' characterised by very low levels of capital and lasting precarious economic
Great_British_Class_Survey
Lacking in predictability, job security, material or psychological welfare
welfare. The social class defined by this condition has been termed the precariat. Léonce Crenier, a Catholic monk who had previously been active as an
Precarity
Practice of an unconventional lifestyle
sense, especially (but by no means exclusively) if they show traits of a precariat. Bohemians were associated with unorthodox or anti-establishment political
Bohemianism
Social structure of British society
class structure, in addition to an ageing traditional working class, a "precariat" characterised by very low levels of capital, and a group of emergent
Social class in the United Kingdom
Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom
American actress (born 1934)
1957. p. 8 G. Retrieved March 21, 2025 – via Newspapers.com. "watch". PRECARIAT. Morehouse, Rebecca (November 16, 1975). "Joyce Van Patten Is Back On
Joyce_Van_Patten
Psychological behavior
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Learned_helplessness
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
List of countries by Human Development Index
List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index
Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct
professor Guy Standing has identified three distinct sub-groups of the precariat, one of which he refers to as "atavists", who long for what they see as
Atavism
Hierarchical stratification of societies
model of class with seven classes ranging from the Elite at the top to a 'Precariat' at the bottom". BBC. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017.
Social_class
Class of wage-earners
Peasant – Agricultural laborer or farmer with limited land ownership Precariat – Class of wage-earners in a tenuous job situation close to unemployment
Proletariat
Migrant day labourers in the Longhua district of Shenzhen, China
According to researcher Yihang Wu this reflects a wider trend of the precariat—a class characterised by unstable, precarious work. The Sanhe Gods' slogan
Sanhe_Gods
Minimum income deemed adequate to live in a specific country or place
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Poverty_threshold
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Means-oriented social benefit
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Welfare_spending
Term for having fun while unemployed
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Funemployment
Composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Human_Development_Index
Underemployed young adult in Japan
Dead-end job Education in Japan Herbivore men Hikikomori Kodokushi McJob Precariat NEET Sampo generation Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates Slacker
Freeter
Political ideology emphasising the "common people"
economic factors have contributed to the formation of a 'left-behind' precariat marked by low job security, high inequality, and wage stagnation. On this
Populism
Economic indicator measuring economic and social cost
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Misery_index_(economics)
Group or class of persons enjoying superior status
class Working Commoner Lazzaroni Lumpenproletariat Pea-pickers Peasant Precariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Serf
Elite
November 2016. Julia Obinger (2009). "Working on the Margins: Japan's Precariat and Working Poor". Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies
Poverty_in_Japan
American journalist and writer (born 1960)
(educated, affluent and socially liberal), "Real America" (white rural precariat) and "Just America" (urban, progressive and economically disadvantaged)
George_Packer
Marxian economic concept
a growing use in Marxist and anarchist theory of the concept of "the precariat" to describe a growing reliance on temporary, part-time workers with precarious
Reserve_army_of_labour
Social class
class Working Commoner Lazzaroni Lumpenproletariat Pea-pickers Peasant Precariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Serf
Upper_middle_class
Theory of advantage or entitlement
class Working Commoner Lazzaroni Lumpenproletariat Pea-pickers Peasant Precariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Serf
Social_privilege
Workplace that has socially unacceptable working conditions
operates sweatshops Perspiration – Fluid secreted from sudoriferous glands Precariat – Class of wage-earners in a tenuous job situation close to unemployment
Sweatshop
Charitable humanitarian organization
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Oxfam
Mayor of Seattle since 2026
The Stranger. According to The Nation, Wilson's victory was won by the precariat of Seattle renters, Sound transit riders, and Democratic Socialists of
Katie_Wilson
Italian philosopher and activist (born 1949)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Franco_Berardi
American anthropologist and activist (1961–2020)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
David_Graeber
Japanese writer and filmmaker (born 1952)
November 2025. Greene, Barbara (17 May 2023). "A subaltern civil war: Precariat in-Fighting in Murakami Ryu's Popular Hits of the Showa Era". Contemporary
Ryū_Murakami
Slang for shareholder left holding worthless stocks
fool theory Hot potato (game) Identity performance Kitchen sink realism Precariat Pyramid scheme Winner and loser culture Booth, Richard A. (1998). "Stockholders
Bagholder
index Human Poverty Index Multidimensional Poverty Index Working poor Precariat Freeter Coolie Underemployment McJob Pea-picker Menial job Child labour
Poverty_in_Moldova
Term criticizing labor exploitation
labor supply Global labor arbitrage Job strain Labor rights Median income Precariat Proletariat Refusal of work Slavery "wage slave". merriam-webster.com
Wage_slavery
German politician (born 1994)
an increase in Hartz IV payments, better pay for caregivers, limits on precariat employment, and more support for people living in rural areas. She supports
Ricarda_Lang
Socioeconomic and personal finance concept
dividend Financial intelligence Guaranteed minimum income Living wage Precariat Social credit Social dividend Social policy Social safety net Universal
Economic_security
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
List of African countries by Human Development Index
List_of_African_countries_by_Human_Development_Index
Chinese neologism, "lying flat"
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Tang_ping
Lack of economic resources
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Poverty
Poverty phenomena that most frequently affect women
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Feminization_of_poverty
Vicious cycle that reinforces poverty
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Cycle_of_poverty
American activist (1936–1989)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Abbie_Hoffman
German–American philosopher, sociologist, and political theorist (1898–1979)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Herbert_Marcuse
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
globalization of neoliberalism has been blamed for the emergence of a "precariat", a new social class facing acute socio-economic insecurity and alienation
Neoliberalism
Measure of poverty and social exclusion
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Relative_deprivation
Barack Obama and healthcare Obamney, from Barack Obama and Mitt Romney precariat, from precarious and proletariat Putler, from Vladimir Putin and Adolf
List_of_portmanteaus
Measure of inequality of a statistical distribution
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Gini_coefficient
Position within social structure
class Working Commoner Lazzaroni Lumpenproletariat Pea-pickers Peasant Precariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Serf
Social_status
Work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at a time
persists mainly for partially mechanized tasks and fruit harvesting. Peon Precariat Substitute teacher Temporary work "daysman - noun". merriam-webster.com
Day_labor
French political tract
of social relations, which now lack "warmth, simplicity, truth". The precariat and the schizophrenic French attitude towards work (valorizing and hating
The_Coming_Insurrection
Non-permanent type of employment
Independent contractor-employee distinction National Safety Council Permatemp Precariat Precarious work Precarity Psychological contract Temporary work Workforce
Contingent_work
Conceptual art project
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Swedish Public Freedom Service
Swedish_Public_Freedom_Service
Chinese term describing poverty in the United States
more openly debated than similar challenges within China. Little Pink Precariat Tang ping United States affordability crisis Yuan, Li (2026-01-13). "Why
Kill_line
Anxiety about the start of the working week
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Sunday_scaries
1967 book by Martin Luther King Jr.
publications. Examples include academic and economist Guy Standing's 2014 book A Precariat Charter: From Denizens to Citizens and professor P.L. Thomas' 2012 book
Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
Where_Do_We_Go_from_Here:_Chaos_or_Community?
Range of public services
and Social Services (Ontario) New York State Social Services Department Precariat Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government (UK) Social policy
Social_services
Range of poverty indicators
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Multidimensional Poverty Index
Multidimensional_Poverty_Index
American philosopher (born 1959)
owning class and an immiserated working-class, or what is considered the precariat in the 21st century. She sees two versions of the work ethic: the progressive
Elizabeth_S._Anderson
Economic system of freelance workers
acquisition. List of gig economy companies Sharing economy Platform economy Precariat "What is the gig economy?". McKinsey & Company. August 2, 2023. Archived
Gig_economy
Marvel Comics character
Sánchez & Vilches Fuentes (2023). McCausland, Elisa; Salgado, Diego. "Super-Precariat: Socioeconomic Fictions and Realities of Superhero Comic Books". In Porras
Luke_Cage
English actor
Soho Theatre in January 2014. In Summer 2013, New directed the play The Precariat at the Finborough Theatre. New subsequently wrote the short play A New
Chris_New
British Playwright
opened at the Soho Theatre in 2014, directed by Patrick Sandford. The Precariat was produced at the Finborough Theatre in 2013, directed by Chris New
Chris_Dunkley
Georgist proposed policy
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78590-111-9. Standing, Guy (20 October 2016). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4742-9417-1
Citizen's_dividend
Labor that does not receive any direct remuneration
Feminist economics Housewife Human capital Labour economics Invisible labor Precariat Unfunded mandate Universal basic income Hirway, Indira (2015). "Unpaid
Unpaid_work
Independent on-demand temporary workers
List of gig economy companies MTurkers Platform economy Precarious work Precariat Serfdom Lying flat Vallas, Steven; Schor, Juliet B. (2020). "What Do Platforms
Gig_worker
Overtime work schedule from China
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
996_working_hour_system
Derogatory term for migrant workers in the Great Depression
index Human Poverty Index Multidimensional Poverty Index Working poor Precariat Freeter Coolie Underemployment McJob Pea-picker Menial job Child labour
Pea-pickers
Unseen and undervalued work
Double burden Emotional labor Feminist economics Gender role Glass ceiling Precariat Reproductive labor Shadow work Standpoint theory Anderson, Emily Hodgson
Invisible_labor
Work that employs people against their will
Volunteering Working class Blue-collar Green-collar Grey-collar Pink-collar Precariat White-collar Red-collar New-collar No-collar Orange-collar Scarlet-collar
Forced_labour
French independent advisory commission
judges on a case-by-case basis, leading de facto to the creation of a new precariat?", she asked. They also took position against the law on online hate speech
Conseil_national_du_numérique
Historical social designation
Volunteering Working class Blue-collar Green-collar Grey-collar Pink-collar Precariat White-collar Red-collar New-collar No-collar Orange-collar Scarlet-collar
Inquilino
1999 film by Mike Judge
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Office_Space
2018 book by David Graeber
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Bullshit_Jobs
English mathematician and philosopher (1872–1970)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Bertrand_Russell
Type of non-standard or temporary employment
labor Division of labor Flexicurity Gig economy Labour market flexibility Precariat Social vulnerability Workforce casualisation Zero-hour contract Fudge
Precarious_work
Overview of the current status of universal basic income around the world
In his book The Precariat - the new dangerous class, he blames globalization for having plunged more and more people into the precariat, which he analyses
Universal basic income by country
Universal_basic_income_by_country
French philosopher and Marxist theorist (1931–1994)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Guy_Debord
Economic theory by Terry Pratchett
index Human Poverty Index Multidimensional Poverty Index Working poor Precariat Freeter Coolie Underemployment McJob Pea-picker Menial job Child labour
Boots_theory
Sudden death from overwork
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Karoshi
Condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Extreme_poverty
Person who migrates to pursue work
Incidentally, Guy Standing has termed this kind of vulnerable worker, the Precariat. Women are frequently at the bottom of the economic hierarchy from various
Migrant_worker
Applications to many other jobs by a dissatisfied employee
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Rage_applying
Distribution of income or wealth between different groups
Occupy movement Paradise Papers Plutonomy Poverty map Poverty reduction Precariat Precarious work Social inequality Spatial inequality Tax haven The Greatest
Economic_inequality
Measurement of poverty intensity
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Poverty_gap_index
French sociologist and philosopher
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Maurizio_Lazzarato
1971 book by Abbie Hoffman
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Steal_This_Book
German sociologist, jurist, and political economist (1864–1920)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Max_Weber
Form of social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Social_exclusion
Advertisement for a non-existent job
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Ghost_job
Denial of wages or employee benefits rightfully owed to an employee
index Human Poverty Index Multidimensional Poverty Index Working poor Precariat Freeter Coolie Underemployment McJob Pea-picker Menial job Child labour
Wage_theft
Slavery as a means to repay debt
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
Debt_bondage
Cost to live based on price of necessities
basic needs ACCRA Cost of Living Index Housing stress Inflation targeting Precariat Price index United Kingdom cost of living crisis United States Consumer
Cost_of_living
poverty Housing stress Human trafficking Income deficit Poverty threshold Precariat Precarious work Secondary poverty Social determinants of health in poverty
List of countries by Human Development Index by region
List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index_by_region
1960s American youth-oriented counter-cultural political party
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Youth_International_Party
Working people whose incomes fall below the poverty line
rate Living wage Maximum wage Minimum wage Moonlight clan Paid time off Precariat Social inequality Social safety net Wage slavery Wage theft Wage Wages
Working_poor
American philosopher, architect and inventor (1895–1983)
Orange S.A. suicides Overwork Performance punishment Post-work society Precariat Presenteeism Digital presenteeism Productivity theater Professional abuse
Buckminster_Fuller
Job with little chance of advancement
across all facets of life. Bullshit job Critique of work Freeter McJob Precariat Underemployment Tang ping ("lying flat") Working poor Elisabeth Deffner
Dead-end_job
Separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialise
Mechanisation New international division of labour Newly industrialised country Precariat Precarious work Productive and unproductive labour Price system Role suction
Division_of_labour
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT
Male
Egyptian
, a monarch of the XXIst dynasty.
Female
Greek
(Ασπασία) Greek name derived from the word aspasios, ASPASIA means "welcome."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Greek, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Beautiful Woman; Variety; Beauty; Talkative; Lovely; Desirable; Graceful; Elegant; A Form of Durga; Attractive
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sun of the religion (Islam)
Girl/Female
Indian
Home, Refuge
Girl/Female
Polish
Zephyr.
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Orpah, ORPA means "forelock, mane" or "gazelle, hind."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Humming Sound of the Bee
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Kaylyn, KAILYN means "girl."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Lord Shiva
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT
PRECARIAT