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High-level computer programming language
teaching language at the high school and university level. Two other versions exist, Object-Oriented Turing and Turing+, a systems programming variant
Turing_(programming_language)
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing-complete or computationally universal if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine
Turing_completeness
Software system for statistical models
2023. "The Turing language for probabilistic programming". GitHub. December 28, 2021. "Infer.NET". microsoft.com. Microsoft. "PRISM: PRogramming In Statistical
Probabilistic_programming
Programming language for experimentation or art
An esoteric programming language (sometimes shortened to esolang) or weird language is a programming language designed to test the boundaries of computer
Esoteric_programming_language
Computation model defining an abstract machine
computation or a system of instructions to simulate a Turing machine. A programming language that is Turing complete is theoretically capable of expressing
Turing_machine
List
Turing (programming language) Super-Turing computation Turing-acceptable language Turing Award Turing (cipher) Turing College, Kent, England Turing completeness
List of things named after Alan Turing
List_of_things_named_after_Alan_Turing
programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable
List_of_programming_languages
Esoteric, minimalist programming language
some of the reasons it is not used for serious programming. Nonetheless, like any Turing-complete language, Brainfuck is theoretically capable of computing
Brainfuck
[number] 0 by 1 end function Turing (programming language) Refal (programming language) DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit Program transformation "Archived
TXL_(programming_language)
Branch of computer science
at the 1977 Turing Award lecture, assailed the current state of industrial languages and proposed a new class of programming languages now known as function-level
Programming_language_theory
Intentionally obscure programming language
A Turing tarpit (or Turing tar-pit) is any programming language or computer interface that allows for flexibility in function but is difficult to learn
Turing_tarpit
Test of a machine's ability to imitate human intelligence
The Turing test was designed by Alan Turing to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to that of a human by imitating
Turing_test
record of notable programming languages, by decade. History of computing hardware History of programming languages Programming language Timeline of computing
Timeline of programming languages
Timeline_of_programming_languages
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm
Functional_programming
Programming language used in many domains
general-purpose language that supported scientific, commercial, and systems programming. Indeed, a subset of PL/I was used as the standard systems programming language
General-purpose programming language
General-purpose_programming_language
Programming paradigm based on modeling the logic of a computation
writing of parallel programs. Common declarative language paradigms include logic programming (e.g., Prolog, Datalog, answer set programming), and algebraic
Declarative_programming
1998 esoteric programming language
Malbolge (/mælˈboʊldʒ/) is a public-domain esoteric programming language invented by Ben Olmstead in 1998, named after the eighth circle of hell in Dante's
Malbolge
Hypothetical computing devices
A Turing machine is a hypothetical computing device, first conceived by Alan Turing in 1936. Turing machines manipulate symbols on a potentially infinite
Turing_machine_equivalents
Programming language
functional programming) is a programming language created by John Backus to support the function-level programming paradigm. It allows building programs from
FP_(programming_language)
Programming language that uses first order logic
intended field of use, natural language processing. Prolog is a Turing-complete, general-purpose programming language, which is well-suited for intelligent
Prolog
Abstract calculator
Post machine or Post–Turing machine is a "program formulation" of a type of Turing machine, comprising a variant of Emil Post's Turing-equivalent model of
Post–Turing_machine
Programming language family
(historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix
Lisp_(programming_language)
American annual computer science prize
Staff (2014). "ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million". Communications of the ACM. 57 (12): 20. doi:10.1145/2685372. "A. M. Turing Award". Association
Turing_Award
Programming language
ACM China Turing Conference 2024 was held with the Huawei Cangjie Programming Language Forum, showcasing the new domestic programming language across universities
Cangjie (programming language)
Cangjie_(programming_language)
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father
Alan_Turing
Topics referred to by the same term
Turing (programming language) Turing Award, the annual award by the Association for Computing Machinery All pages with titles beginning with Turing All
Turing_(disambiguation)
Functional programming language
Unlambda is a minimal, "nearly pure" functional programming language invented by David Madore. It is based on combinatory logic, an expression system without
Unlambda
Descendants of Euclid include the Concurrent Euclid programming language and the Turing programming language. B.W. Lampson, J.J. Horning, R.L. London, J.G.
Euclid_(programming_language)
File format and programming language
electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript
PostScript
Turing machine that halts for any input
computability theory, a decider is a Turing machine that halts for every input. A decider is also called a total Turing machine as it represents a total function
Decider_(Turing_machine)
Language for controlling a computer
computer are programming languages, despite the fact they are commonly not Turing-complete, and remarks that ignorance of programming language concepts is
Programming_language
under an operating system. The Turing programming language is a direct descendant of Concurrent Euclid and its Turing Plus variant eventually replaced
Concurrent_Euclid
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
generates runtime) Turing V (Vlang) Vala Visual Basic (CIL JIT runtime) Visual FoxPro Visual Prolog Xojo Zig A concatenative programming language is a point-free
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
Problem in computer science
fixed Turing-complete model of computation. This model of computation includes all programs in Turing-equivalent programming languages. Given a program and
Halting_problem
Programming language
Objective Caml) is a general-purpose, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language which extends the Caml dialect of ML with object-oriented features
OCaml
American computer scientist (1924–2007)
win the ACM Turing Award in 1977. Backus later worked on a function-level programming language known as FP, which he described in his Turing Award lecture
John_Backus
Delphi, but for Linux) Euclid Concurrent Euclid Turing Turing+ (Turing Plus) Object-Oriented Turing Mesa Modula-2 Modula-3 Oberon (Oberon-1) Go (also
Generational list of programming languages
Generational_list_of_programming_languages
American-Canadian computer scientist (1941–2019)
development of several compilers and compilation techniques. His Turing programming language was used in universities and high schools in Canada and internationally
Ric_Holt
Swiss computer scientist (1934–2024)
designed several programming languages, including Pascal, and pioneered several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984, he won the Turing Award, generally
Niklaus_Wirth
Esoteric programming language
confusing as possible. It is Turing-complete and has the possibility for self-modifying code. Software written in the language can make network connections
Leet_(programming_language)
Programming language specialized to a specific application domain
language (DSL) is a programming language specialized to a specific application domain. This is in contrast to a general-purpose programming language,
Domain-specific_language
The programming language Crema, as an example, experimentally demonstrated that an SMTP protocol parser written in even a minimally sub-Turing programming
Language-Theoretic_Security
American computer scientist
home page Programming Methodology Group Turing Award press release Interview in Quanta magazine Tom Van Vleck, Barbara Liskov, A.M. Turing Award Winner
Barbara_Liskov
Simple programming languages
programming languages designed by Douglas Hofstadter to illustrate a point in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach. BlooP is a Turing-incomplete programming language
BlooP_and_FlooP
American computer scientist (1922–1990)
known for his pioneering work in programming languages and in 1966 he became the first recipient of the ACM Turing Award. Perlis was born to a Jewish
Alan_Perlis
Theorem about a certain class of control-flow graphs
and iteration. In 1964, Corrado Böhm had defined a simple Turing-complete programming language (P′′), based on sequence and iteration. In a subsequent paper
Structured_program_theorem
Dahl, the 2001 Turing Award for ideas fundamental to the emergence of OO programming, through [the] design of the programming languages Simula I and 67
List of programming language researchers
List_of_programming_language_researchers
Programming language with Arabic keywords
transliterated Qalb, Qlb and Alb, is a functional programming language allowing a programmer to write programs completely in Arabic. Its name means "heart"
Qalb_(programming_language)
Programming language
various levels of programming education. The design and philosophy of SP/k was a strong influence on the Turing programming language. PL/C WATFIV WATBOL
SP/k
Low-level programming language family
was commonplace for both systems programming and application programming to take place entirely in assembly language. While still irreplaceable for some
Assembly_language
High-level computer programming conceptualization
programming paradigm is a relatively high-level way to conceptualize and structure the implementation of a computer program. A programming language can
Programming_paradigm
American computer scientist known for Unix (born 1943)
Thompson has worked at Google, where he co-developed the Go language. In 1983, he won the Turing Award with his long-term colleague Dennis Ritchie. He is
Ken_Thompson
Impact of English computer scientist
named The Alan Turing Laboratory. The computer room at King's College, Cambridge, Turing's alma mater, is called the Turing Room. The Turing Room at the
Legacy_of_Alan_Turing
Form of source code, without regard to meaning
computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax
Syntax (programming languages)
Syntax_(programming_languages)
Open-source workflow language
external programming languages. At the organizational level Cuneiform provides facilities like conditional branching and general recursion making it Turing-complete
Cuneiform (programming language)
Cuneiform_(programming_language)
Type of Turing machine
science, a universal Turing machine (UTM) is a Turing machine capable of computing any computable sequence, as described by Alan Turing in his seminal paper
Universal_Turing_machine
Functional programming language for arrays
spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages. A mathematical notation for
APL_(programming_language)
Hierarchy of classes of formal grammars
The languages described by these grammars are exactly all languages that can be recognized by a linear bounded automaton (a nondeterministic Turing machine
Chomsky_hierarchy
Scottish artificial intelligence laboratory
Knowledge Based Programming. Turing Institute Press. ASIN 020117815X. - Alen, Shapiro. Structured Induction in Expert Systems. Turing Institute Press
Turing_Institute
Thesis on the nature of computability
computable by a Turing machine. The thesis is named after American mathematician Alonzo Church and the British mathematician Alan Turing. Before the precise
Church–Turing_thesis
List processing programming language
history stack. "Computer Programming Languages – S". Archived from the original on 2022-01-17. Retrieved 2006-03-20. "Alan Turing at 100". Harvard Gazette
SLIP_(programming_language)
High-level programming language first released in 1980
and object-oriented high-level programming language, inspired by Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC)
Ada_(programming_language)
Canadian computer scientist and educator
thesis work. He has co-authored or co-edited the books The Turing Programming Language: Design and Definition (1988), Introduction to Compiler Construction
James_Cordy
Analysis of computer programs without executing them
possible to prove that (for any Turing complete language), finding all possible run-time errors in an arbitrary program (or more generally any kind of
Static_program_analysis
Programming paradigm based on objects
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s).[clarification needed]
Object-oriented_programming
Thought experiment on artificial intelligence
understanding the argument, including symbol processing, Turing machines, Turing completeness, and the Turing test. Searle's arguments are not usually considered
Chinese_room
American computer scientist known for Unix (1941–2011)
colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system, C programming language, and B programming language. Dennis Ritchie was born in Bronxville, New York. His
Dennis_Ritchie
American computer scientist (born 1940)
Colorado (2002) ACM Turing Award "For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that
Alan_Kay
Self-replicating program
viewed as a function transforming programs into their outputs. Quines are possible in any Turing-complete programming language, as a direct consequence of Kleene's
Quine_(computing)
Sequence of program instructions invokable by other software
Computing". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013. Turing, Alan M. (1945), Report by Dr. A.M. Turing on proposals for the development of an Automatic Computing
Function (computer programming)
Function_(computer_programming)
Esoteric programming language
is an esoteric programming language inspired by lolspeak, the language expressed in examples of the lolcat Internet meme. The language was created in
LOLCODE
General-purpose macro processor
Fortran. Unlike some other macro processors, m4 is Turing-complete as well as a practical programming language. Unquoted identifiers which match defined macros
M4_(computer_language)
2-dimensional esoteric programming language
array is bounded, the Befunge-93 language is not Turing-complete (however, it has been shown that Befunge-93 is Turing Complete with unbounded stack word
Befunge
Canadian computer scientist (born 1941)
fields of algorithms and programming tools. He and his long-time collaborator Jeffrey Ullman are the recipients of the 2020 Turing Award, generally recognized
Alfred_Aho
Measure of popularity of programming languages
The TIOBE programming community index is a measure of popularity of programming languages, created and maintained by TIOBE Software BV, based in Eindhoven
TIOBE_index
Text processing programming language
one-liner programs, the language is Turing-complete, and even the early Bell Labs users of AWK often wrote well-structured large AWK programs. AWK was
AWK
Mathematical function that can be computed by a program
models of computation, including Turing machines General recursive functions Lambda calculus Post machines (Post–Turing machines and tag machines). Register
Computable_function
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. The film's title quotes the name of the game cryptanalyst Alan Turing proposed for answering
The_Imitation_Game
A reversible programming language is designed to bridge the gap between the theoretical models of reversible computing and practical software development
Reversible programming language
Reversible_programming_language
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
in most general-purpose programming languages, this program is used to illustrate a language's basic syntax. Such a program is often the first written
Hello,_world
Esoteric programming language
The Compiler Language With No Pronounceable Acronym (INTERCAL) is an esoteric programming language that was created as a parody by Don Woods and James
INTERCAL
Instructions a computer can execute
some historians as the world's first computer program. In 1936, Alan Turing introduced the Universal Turing machine, a theoretical device that can model
Computer_program
Models of computation
Hypercomputation or super-Turing computation is a set of hypothetical models of computation that can provide outputs that are not Turing-computable. For example
Hypercomputation
Norwegian computer scientist and mathematician
programming and the programming language Simula with Ole-Johan Dahl in the 1960s. Nygaard and Dahl received the 2001 A. M. Turing Award for their contribution
Kristen_Nygaard
Computer programming paradigm
programming. In his 1977 Turing Award lecture, Backus set forth what he considered to be the need to switch to a different philosophy in programming language
Function-level_programming
Esoteric programming languages
minimalist computer programming languages, or Turing tarpits, esoteric programming languages designed to be as small as possible but still Turing-complete. Both
Iota_and_Jot
of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
Ability to solve a problem by an effective procedure
computability notions weaker than Turing machines are studied in automata theory, while computability notions stronger than Turing machines are studied in the
Computability
Danish computer science pioneer (1928–2016)
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) A.M. Turing Award for his work on defining the programming language ALGOL 60. In particular, his role as editor
Peter_Naur
Concept in theoretical computer science
traditional programming languages, the programs used in the game are n-state Turing machines, one of the first mathematical models of computation. Turing machines
Busy_beaver
American computer scientist (1936–2001)
the theory of parsing, the semantics of programming languages, automatic program verification, automatic program synthesis, and analysis of algorithms"
Robert_W._Floyd
Books about algorithms by Donald Knuth
Computer Programming (TAOCP) is a comprehensive multi-volume monograph (Volumes 1–7) written by the computer scientist Donald Knuth presenting programming algorithms
The Art of Computer Programming
The_Art_of_Computer_Programming
Academic subfield of computer science
Several models exist for this purpose, such as the Turing machine. Computer scientists study the Turing machine because it is simple to formulate, can be
Theory_of_computation
Concept in computability theory
{\displaystyle B\leq _{T}A.} The equivalence classes of Turing equivalent sets are called Turing degrees. The Turing degree of a set X {\displaystyle X} is written
Turing_reduction
Measure of algorithmic complexity
encoding for Turing machines, where an encoding is a function which associates to each Turing Machine M a bitstring <M>. If M is a Turing Machine which
Kolmogorov_complexity
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Canadian computer scientist (1920–2004)
development of the programming language APL. He was honored with the Turing Award in 1979 "for his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical
Kenneth_E._Iverson
Programming paradigm
In computer programming, data-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the program statements describe the data to be matched and the processing
Data-driven_programming
Parallel computing platform and programming model
"Dissecting the NVidia Turing T4 GPU via Microbenchmarking". arXiv:1903.07486 [cs.DC]. Burgess, John (2019). "RTX ON – The NVIDIA TURING GPU". 2019 IEEE Hot
CUDA
Primitive programming language created in 1964
double prime) is a primitive computer programming language created by Corrado Böhm in 1964 to describe a family of Turing machines. It provided one of the
P′′
TURING PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
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TURING PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE