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English computer scientist (1912–1954)
algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father
Alan_Turing
American annual computer science prize
Staff (2014). "ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million". Communications of the ACM. 57 (12): 20. doi:10.1145/2685372. "A. M. Turing Award". Association
Turing_Award
Biography by Andrew Hodges
Annotated Turing (2008) Prof: Alan Turing Decoded (2015) The Turing Guide (2017) "Alan Turing: The Enigma". turing.org.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2017. "Alan Turing:
Alan_Turing:_The_Enigma
Research institute in Britain
The Alan Turing Institute is the United Kingdom's national institute for data science and artificial intelligence, founded in 2015 and largely funded
Alan_Turing_Institute
2017 British law pardoning formerly illegal sex acts
is named after Alan Turing, the World War II codebreaker and computing pioneer, who was convicted of gross indecency in 1952. Turing received a royal
Alan_Turing_law
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
computer scientist Alan Turing). This means that this system is able to recognize or decode other data-manipulation rule sets. Turing completeness is used
Turing_completeness
Computation model defining an abstract machine
possible for a Turing machine to go into an infinite loop which will never halt. The Turing machine was invented in 1936 by Alan Turing, who called it
Turing_machine
Memorial in Manchester, England
476722; -2.236028 The Alan Turing Memorial, situated in Sackville Gardens in Manchester, England, is a sculpture in memory of Alan Turing, a pioneer of modern
Alan_Turing_Memorial
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. The film's title quotes the name of the game cryptanalyst Alan Turing proposed for answering
The_Imitation_Game
Impact of English computer scientist
named The Alan Turing Laboratory. The computer room at King's College, Cambridge, Turing's alma mater, is called the Turing Room. The Turing Room at the
Legacy_of_Alan_Turing
Test of a machine's ability to imitate human intelligence
The Turing test was designed by Alan Turing to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to that of a human by imitating
Turing_test
Thesis on the nature of computability
1936, before learning of Church's work, Alan Turing created a theoretical model for machines, now called Turing machines, that could carry out calculations
Church–Turing_thesis
Building at the University of Manchester
The Alan Turing Building is a building in Manchester, England that is home to the Department of Mathematics at the University of Manchester. Named after
Alan_Turing_Building
Concept from evolutionary biology
The Turing pattern is a concept introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis", which describes
Turing_pattern
British solicitor and author
Sir John Dermot Turing, 12th Baronet (born 26 February 1961) is a British solicitor and author. Turing was educated at Sherborne School and King's College
Dermot_Turing
Topics referred to by the same term
of Alan Turing may refer to: Statue of Alan Turing, Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, England Alan Turing Memorial, Manchester, England Alan Turing (sculpture)
Statue_of_Alan_Turing
61. The Turing machine: Newquist 1994, p. 56 McCorduck 2004, pp. 63–64 Crevier 1993, pp. 22–24 Russell & Norvig 2021, p. 9 and see Turing 1936–1937
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Type of Turing machine
science, a universal Turing machine (UTM) is a Turing machine capable of computing any computable sequence, as described by Alan Turing in his seminal paper
Universal_Turing_machine
Intelligence of machines
and ethics of AI. Alan Turing investigated whether machines can show intelligent behaviour and think. In 1950, he proposed the Turing test, which measures
Artificial_intelligence
Problem in computer science
eventually finish running and halt, or will continue to run forever. Alan Turing proved in 1937 that the halting problem is undecidable, meaning that
Halting_problem
GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia
GeForce 16 series GPUs, which utilizes the new Turing design but lacks the RT and Tensor cores. Turing is manufactured using TSMC's 12 nm FinFET semiconductor
Turing_(microarchitecture)
WWII code-breaking site
The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Margaret Rock, Mavis Lever, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander
Bletchley_Park
Measure of unsolvability
concept of Turing degree is fundamental in computability theory, where sets of natural numbers are often regarded as decision problems. The Turing degree
Turing_degree
English cryptanalyst (1917–1996)
developed by Alan Turing which reduced the need for bombes: electromechanical devices as used by British cryptologists Welchman and Turing to decipher
Joan_Clarke
biography of Alan Turing from his mother, E. S. Turing. He thanked her and stated that he was unaware of the ideas and discoveries Turing was making when
Peter_Hogg_(Shiburnian)
Concept in computability theory
{\displaystyle B\leq _{T}A.} The equivalence classes of Turing equivalent sets are called Turing degrees. The Turing degree of a set X {\displaystyle X} is written
Turing_reduction
British actor (born 1995)
Downs in the West End. He made his feature film debut playing a young Alan Turing in the Academy Award-winning film The Imitation Game (2014), for which
Alex_Lawther
Childhood friend of Alan Turing (1911–1930)
for being a childhood friend of Alan Turing, the founder of modern computer science. Morcom has been described as Turing's first love, but the affection
Christopher_Morcom
2017 book
Biographical aspects of Alan Turing. The Universal Machine and Beyond: Turing's universal machine (now known as a Turing machine), developed while at
The_Turing_Guide
English actor (born 1976)
received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor for playing Alan Turing in The Imitation Game (2014) and a volatile rancher in The Power of the
Benedict_Cumberbatch
British investment banker
Mathematical Sciences Management Committee and the inaugural chairman of The Alan Turing Institute. Covington was born in Eastbourne, England. He attended Eastbourne
Howard_Covington
Totality of psychological phenomena
ISBN 978-0-19-283098-2. Hodges, Andrew (2013). "Alan Turing: An Introductory Biography". In Teuscher, Christof (ed.). Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker
Mind
Catalan pop band
eight songs are about Turing's life and work. The first song "El beso" ("The Kiss") says: "this song is a kiss to wake Alan Turing up" and then it goes
Hidrogenesse
1885 law in the UK
scientist, Alan Turing was investigated for alleged violations of the provision when the police discovered a male lover at his house after Turing reported
Labouchère_Amendment
Impossible task in computing
calculability" based on his λ-calculus, and by Alan Turing the next year with his concept of Turing machines. Turing immediately recognized that these are equivalent
Entscheidungsproblem
time and storage space are available. In 1936, Alan Turing also published his seminal work on the Turing machines, an abstract digital computing machine
History_of_computer_science
The Fifth Estate as Julian Assange (2013), and The Imitation Game as Alan Turing (2014). Through voice and motion capture, he played the characters of
List of Benedict Cumberbatch performances
List_of_Benedict_Cumberbatch_performances
mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, a key figure in cracking Nazi Germany's Enigma code that helped the
List of accolades received by The Imitation Game
List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Imitation_Game
Codebreaking device created at Bletchley Park (United Kingdom)
Virtual Wartime Bletchley Park: Alan Turing, the Enigma and the Bombe, retrieved 28 February 2010 Sale, Tony, The Turing/Welchman Bombe, Remember that the
Bombe
Intentionally obscure programming language
A Turing tarpit (or Turing tar-pit) is any programming language or computer interface that allows for flexibility in function but is difficult to learn
Turing_tarpit
Operation in computability theory
In computability theory, the Turing jump or Turing jump operator, named for Alan Turing, is an operation that assigns to each decision problem X a successively
Turing_jump
Scottish artificial intelligence laboratory
to the Turing Institute in 1984. The move included a significant expansion of the postgraduate school at the institute. Alty joined the Turing Institute
Turing_Institute
Park in Manchester, England
theory of gravitation, and the means of Turing's own death. The text on the bronze bench reads "Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954" and "IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC
Sackville_Gardens
New Zealand (British born) philosopher, logician and historian of science
books on Turing. He is one of the people responsible for identifying the concept of hypercomputation and machines more capable than Turing machines.
Jack_Copeland
Market town and civil parish in Cheshire, England
107–110. ISBN 978-1556350122. "Alan Turing: a short biography – 8". Retrieved 21 January 2016. "Should Alan Turing be pardoned?". BBC. 19 August 2009
Wilmslow
Models of computation
Hypercomputation or super-Turing computation is a set of hypothetical models of computation that can provide outputs that are not Turing-computable. For example
Hypercomputation
deciphering of messages encrypted by the Enigma machine, is produced by Alan Turing at the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park. 1943 Colossus
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
International observance
The Alan Turing Year, 2012, marked the celebration of the life and scientific influence of Alan Turing during the centenary of his birth on 23 June 1912
Alan_Turing_Year
Proof by Alan Turing
Turing's proof is a proof by Alan Turing submitted on 12 November 1936 and first published in 1937 with the title "On Computable Numbers, with an Application
Turing's_proof
Hypothesized risk to human existence
researchers including Geoffrey Hinton, Yoshua Bengio, Demis Hassabis, and Alan Turing, and AI company CEOs such as Dario Amodei (Anthropic), Sam Altman (OpenAI)
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
offences. This is sometimes informally referred to as the Alan Turing law, named for Alan Turing, the mathematician and World War II codebreaker, who was
Policing_and_Crime_Act_2017
American sci-fi television series
Eldon as Thomas More Mark Gatiss as Isaac Newton Reece Shearsmith as Alan Turing Conleth Hill as Pope Gregory XIII Jenson Cheng as Kublai Khan Phil Wang
3_Body_Problem_(TV_series)
List
Enigma Alan Turing Year The Annotated Turing Church–Turing thesis Church–Turing–Deutsch principle Good–Turing frequency estimation Object-Oriented Turing (programming
List of things named after Alan Turing
List_of_things_named_after_Alan_Turing
High-level computer programming language
Alan Turing, Turing is used mainly as a teaching language at the high school and university level. Two other versions exist, Object-Oriented Turing and
Turing_(programming_language)
Male given name
the Alans, who settled in Western Europe during the Migration Period. Alan is a masculine given name in the English language. The modern English Alan, and
Alan_(given_name)
An extremely famous case was that of Alan Turing, a British mathematician and theoretician. During WWII, Turing worked at Bletchley Park and was one of
LGBTQ_history
Type of attack in machine learning
towards remote working in the 'we' form". A November 2024 report by The Alan Turing Institute highlights growing risks, stating that 75% of business employees
Prompt_injection
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
"Forget the Turing Test: Here's How We Could Actually Measure AI". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 22 March 2025. Turing 1950. Turing, Alan (2004). B.
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
2007 artwork by Stephen Kettle in England
of Turing's birth. Sir John Dermot Turing, nephew of Alan Turing, attended the opening of the exhibition and posed with the statue. 2007 in art Alan Turing
Statue of Alan Turing, Bletchley Park
Statue_of_Alan_Turing,_Bletchley_Park
2015 biography of Alan Turing
Prof: Alan Turing Decoded is a 2015 biography of Alan Turing, a 20th-century mathematician and computer scientist, authored by his nephew Dermot Turing. Written
Prof:_Alan_Turing_Decoded
Chatbot that arguably passed the Turing test
100th birthday of the test's author, Alan Turing, Goostman won a competition promoted as the largest-ever Turing test contest, in which it successfully
Eugene_Goostman
UK student exchange programme
named after Alan Turing the English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly
Turing_scheme
Hypothetical computing devices
A Turing machine is a hypothetical computing device, first conceived by Alan Turing in 1936. Turing machines manipulate symbols on a potentially infinite
Turing_machine_equivalents
1952 puzzle video game
by Alan Turing starting in 1945. The project was delayed for many months, however, due to technical, political, and economic reasons, and Turing abandoned
Checkers_(video_game)
2011 television film
wants. Sir Dermot Turing, nephew of Alan, is shown and he goes on to explain how life was for John Turing (Alan's brother) and Alan Turing during their childhood
Codebreaker_(film)
British rowing club
Scientist Alan Turing (KC 1931) was an active member of the boat club throughout his university career. An accomplished runner and sailor, Turing was also
King's_College_Boat_Club
English actor and comedian (born 1982)
actor award at the 2016 Manchester Theatre Awards for his performance as Alan Turing in Breaking the Code at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. In 2019, he voiced
Daniel_Rigby
Principle in computer science
quantum physics, the Church–Turing–Deutsch-Wolfram principle (CTDW principle) is a stronger, physical form of the Church–Turing thesis articulated in separate
Church–Turing–Deutsch principle
Church–Turing–Deutsch_principle
Computer Science Conference celebrating Alan Turing in his centenary year
The Alan Turing Centenary Conference was an academic conference celebrating the life and research of Alan Turing by bringing together distinguished scientists
Alan Turing Centenary Conference
Alan_Turing_Centenary_Conference
Topics referred to by the same term
on a biography of Alan Turing. The Imitation Game may also refer to: Imitation game or Turing test: a test, devised by Alan Turing, of a machine's ability
The Imitation Game (disambiguation)
The_Imitation_Game_(disambiguation)
Pharmaceutical company
was previously named after Alan Turing, the computer scientist. On May 10, 2023, Vyera filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Turing Pharmaceuticals was launched
Vyera_Pharmaceuticals
British mathematician and logician
logician. He was a friend, student, and associate of Alan Turing, having been supervised by Turing during his PhD at the University of Cambridge, where
Robin_Gandy
Decryption of World War II cipher
keyboard, Alan Turing reviewed decrypted messages and determined that the word eins ("one") appeared in 90% of messages.[citation needed] Turing automated
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Baronetcy in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Worcester. The Turing family descends from Sir William Turing, a supporter of David II (1329–1371). The cryptographer and computing pioneer Alan Turing was the
Turing_baronets
1948 chess program
Turochamp is a chess program developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne in 1948. It was created as part of research by the pair into computer science
Turochamp
2024 European Union regulation
(31 July 2024). "The EU AI Act: National Security Implications". The Alan Turing Institute | Center for Emerging Technology and Security. Retrieved 29
Artificial_Intelligence_Act
Type of recurrent neural network
A neural Turing machine (NTM) is a recurrent neural network model of a Turing machine. The approach was published by Alex Graves et al. in 2014. NTMs combine
Neural_Turing_machine
American mathematician and computer scientist (1903–1995)
work, Turing enrolled at Princeton later that year under Church for a Ph.D. Church and Turing then showed that the lambda calculus and the Turing machine
Alonzo_Church
Castration via anaphrodisiacal drugs
which plagued Turing for the rest of his life. [...]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Thousands call for Turing apology, BBC
Chemical_castration
Topics referred to by the same term
Turing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alan Turing (1912–1954) was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer scientist. Turing
Turing_(disambiguation)
British Liberal Democrat politician
West on Manchester City Council. He is best known for Alan Turing's pardon, and the Alan Turing law which granted a posthumous pardon to more than 49
John_Leech_(politician)
2025 UK Supreme Court case
(Amendment) Act 2000 Sexual Offences Act 2003 Policing and Crime Act 2017 Alan Turing law Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017 Historical Sexual
For Women Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers
For_Women_Scotland_Ltd_v_The_Scottish_Ministers
Data ethics, artificial intelligence and robotics researcher
regulation at the Oxford Internet Institute. She is a former Fellow of The Alan Turing Institute. Wachter grew up in Austria and studied law at the University
Sandra_Wachter
Country within the United Kingdom
mathematics include Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Robert Hooke, Alan Turing, Stephen Hawking, Edward Jenner, Francis Crick, Joseph Lister, Joseph
England
Princeton University scholarship program
Hodges, Alan Turing: The Enigma (London: Vintage Books, 2014), p. 167. University, Princeton. "Turing's Princeton Dissertation - Alan Turing Centennial"
Jane_Eliza_Procter_Fellowship
Theoretical model of computation
nondeterministic computation with a deterministic computer. Alan Turing first developed the concept of Turing machine in 1936, imagining it as a simple computer
Nondeterministic Turing machine
Nondeterministic_Turing_machine
Football stadium in Manchester, England
the southeast of the stadium at the junction of Ashton New Road and Alan Turing Way. Built after the Commonwealth Games to commemorate them, it was the
Etihad_Stadium
German author and playwright (1931–2020)
made the story into the film Eine Liebe in Deutschland. His 1987 drama Alan Turing featured one of the fathers of modern computer science, who had made
Rolf_Hochhuth
Natural language processing computer program
recent Turing test study". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 3, 2023. Jones, Cameron R.; Bergen, Benjamin K. (April 20, 2024), Does GPT-4 pass the Turing test
ELIZA
Philosopher of science
Exeter Centre for the Study of the Life Sciences (Egenis) and a Turing Fellow at the Alan Turing Institute in London. She is also Editor-in-Chief of the international
Sabina_Leonelli
Film directed by Michael Apted
Sale Retrieved 25 November 2017 Update to Alan Turing: the Enigma by Andrew Hodges Part 5: Running Up, Turing.org Retrieved 25 November 2017 The Documents
Enigma_(2001_film)
Public collegiate university in England
Nehru, Isaac Newton, Salman Rushdie, Bertrand Russell, Zadie Smith, Alan Turing, Ludwig Wittgenstein, William Wordsworth, 15 British prime ministers
University_of_Cambridge
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
of these features, but ENIAC was the first to have them all. ENIAC was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through
ENIAC
British actor (born 1974)
television docudramas: playing Hans Litten in The Man Who Crossed Hitler, and Alan Turing in Britain's Greatest Codebreaker. Later that year Stoppard starred in
Ed_Stoppard
1980 British television play based loosely on Alan Turing
devised by Bletchley Park's Alan Turing). Cathy is befriended by Cambridge mathematics don Turner (based loosely on Turing) and they end up in bed together
The Imitation Game (Play for Today)
The_Imitation_Game_(Play_for_Today)
of the computing pioneer Alan Turing. It was founded by Alan Turing's great-nephew, James Turing, in 2009. Sir Dermot Turing has been a trustee since
The_Turing_Trust
American mathematician (1916–2001)
Shannon came into contact with the leading British mathematician Alan Turing. Turing had been posted to Washington to share with the U.S. Navy's cryptanalytic
Claude_Shannon
British civil engineer and statistician (born 1963)
University of Cambridge since 2019. He has been the chief scientist of the Alan Turing Institute since 2021. He is a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge,
Mark_Girolami
1950 scientific paper by Alan Turing
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is a paper written by Alan Turing on the topic of artificial intelligence. The paper, published in 1950 in Mind
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence
English novelist (born 1934)
claimed that in doing so he was sometimes accompanied by the mathematician Alan Turing, who shared his fascination for the Disney film Snow White and the Seven
Alan_Garner
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