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Attempt to convey information to a sleeping person
Sleep-learning or sleep-teaching (also known as hypnopædia or hypnopedia) is an attempt to convey information to a sleeping person, typically by playing
Sleep-learning
hypotheses explain the possible connections between sleep and learning in humans. Research indicates that sleep does more than allow the brain to rest; it may
Sleep_and_learning
relationship between sleep and memory has been studied since at least the early 19th century. Memory, the cognitive process of storing and retrieving past
Sleep_and_memory
Naturally recurring resting state of mind and body
Sleep is a state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered and certain sensory activity is inhibited. During sleep, there
Sleep
Period of sleep in humans and other animals
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, is the third stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), where electroencephalography activity
Slow-wave_sleep
Condition of not having enough sleep
organisms depend on sleep for neural recovery. All known animals sleep or exhibit some form of sleep behavior, and the importance of sleep is self-evident
Sleep_deprivation
Sleeping disorder
Sleep paralysis is a state, during waking up or falling asleep, in which a person is conscious but in a complete state of paralysis. During an episode
Sleep_paralysis
EEG waveform that occurs during sleep
rats and dogs. Sleep spindles play a crucial role in declarative memory consolidation and both sex and menstruation affect sleep and online learning periods
Sleep_spindle
Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in all mammals (including humans) and birds and in some reptiles, characterized
Rapid_eye_movement_sleep
Medical condition
defined as a "chronic steady pattern comprising [...] daily delays in sleep onset and wake times in an individual living in a society". Symptoms result when
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
Non-24-hour_sleep–wake_disorder
Unconscious memory used to perform tasks
Smith, C; Fazekas, A (1997). "Amount of REM sleep and Stage 2 sleep required for efficient learning". Sleep Res. 26: 690. Smith, C; Weeden, K (1990). "Post
Procedural_memory
Sleep pattern with more than one period of sleep in a 24-hour period
Polyphasic sleep or segmented sleep is the system of sleeping during multiple periods over the course of 24 hours, in contrast to monophasic sleep, a single
Polyphasic_sleep
majority of studies on sleep creativity have shown that sleep can facilitate insightful behavior and flexible reasoning, and there are several hypotheses
Sleep_and_creativity
Process of storage and retrieval memory
theories consider sleep to be an important factor in establishing well-organized long-term memories. (See also sleep and learning.) Sleep plays a key function
Long-term_memory
Unsupervised learning algorithm
The wake-sleep algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm for deep generative models, especially Helmholtz Machines. The algorithm is similar to
Wake-sleep_algorithm
Disorder causing trouble with sleeping
behaviors to improve sleep quality and consolidation. Behavioral therapy may include learning healthy sleep habits to promote sleep relaxation, undergoing
Insomnia
Medical specialty
Sleep medicine or somnology is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. From the
Sleep_medicine
Theory that describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning
Learning theory attempts to describe how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences
Learning_theory_(education)
Sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread
Night terror, also called sleep terror, is a sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread and typically occurring during the first hours of stage
Night_terror
Health issue in students
amount of sleep time is greatly reduced. This imbalance in circadian rhythm can lead to extremely harmful affects on students' learning and memory processes
Sleep deprivation in higher education
Sleep_deprivation_in_higher_education
American sleep researcher (born 1945)
Medical School and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. A sleep researcher, his work focuses on the relationship between sleep and learning. Stickgold's
Robert_Stickgold
Structure in which to nap
A sleep pod, also known as nap pod, napping pod, or nap capsule, is a special type of structure or chair that humans can nap and sleep on. Users use the
Sleep_pod
increasing evidence of sleep or sleep-like states in non-bilaterians such as Cassiopea jellyfish and hydra (both cnidarians), and sponges. The various criteria
Sleep_in_animals
Form of sleep involving negligible eye movement
movement sleep (NREM), also known as quiescent sleep, is, collectively, sleep stages 1–3, previously known as stages 1–4. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)
Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep
Physiological nature of sleep
neuroscience of sleep is the study of the neuroscientific and physiological basis of the nature of sleep and its functions. Traditionally, sleep has been studied
Neuroscience_of_sleep
Medical disorder of a person's sleep patterns
A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder that disrupts an individual's sleep patterns and quality. This can cause serious health issues
Sleep_disorder
Neurological phenomenon
with the general mechanism driving learning and memory consolidation during sleep. Neuroscience of sleep Sleep and memory Cirelli, Charia; Giulio Tuononi
Local_sleep
Branch of machine learning
machine learning, deep learning (DL) focuses on utilizing multilayered neural networks to perform tasks such as classification, regression, and representation
Deep_learning
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
transcription and protein translation (Dominique Piber, 2021). Hippocampal areas activated in route-learning are reactivated during subsequent sleep (NREM sleep in
Spatial_memory
AI's tendency to abruptly and drastically forget old info after learning new info
Sara C. (2015-07-01). "REM sleep rescues learning from interference". Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. REM Sleep and Memory. 122: 51–62. doi:10.1016/j
Catastrophic_interference
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
it harder to focus, resulting in inefficient learning. Furthermore, some studies have shown that sleep deprivation can lead to false memories as the
Memory
Short period of sleep during typical waking hours
A nap is a short period of sleep, typically taken during daytime hours as an adjunct to the usual nocturnal sleep period. Naps are most often taken as
Nap
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder Delayed sleep phase disorder Advanced sleep phase disorder Irregular sleep–wake rhythm Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder Circadian
List_of_mental_disorders
Paradigm in machine learning that uses no classification labels
unsupervised learning also employs other methods including: Hopfield learning rule, Boltzmann learning rule, Contrastive Divergence, Wake Sleep, Variational
Unsupervised_learning
Neurobiological theory of dreams
Wikiquote has quotations related to Reverse learning. Crick; Mitchison, G (1995). "REM sleep and neural nets". Behavioural Brain Research. 69 (1–2):
Reverse_learning
Upper airway closure disrupting sleep
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. This type of sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of
Obstructive_sleep_apnea
Breathing method in humans
sleep. More specialized causes include: antrochoanal polyps; a short upper lip which prevents the lips from meeting at rest (lip incompetence); and pregnancy
Mouth_breathing
Generalized neurodevelopmental disorder
disorder of intellectual development and known as learning difficulty (in the United Kingdom and different from learning disability), is a generalized neurodevelopmental
Intellectual_disability
Soviet filmmaker (1932–1986)
Ceylan on 'Winter Sleep' and Learning to Love Boring Movies". Variety. Retrieved 24 April 2022. "Michael Haneke". BFI Film Forever. Sight and Sound. Archived
Andrei_Tarkovsky
Speech in Shakespeare's play ''Hamlet''
slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them: to die, to sleep No more; and by a sleep, to
To_be,_or_not_to_be
Chronic neurological sleep disorder
excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. People with narcolepsy
Narcolepsy
Family of sleep disorders involving sleep disruptions
between wakefulness, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, and their combinations. The newest version of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD, 3rd
Parasomnia
2017 book by Matthew Walker
Why We Sleep: The New Science of Sleep and Dreams is a 2017 popular science book about sleep written by Matthew Walker, from England, who is a professor
Why_We_Sleep
Memory effect in educational psychology
Carolina E. (March 2021). "Using Day and Night – Scheduling Retrieval Practice and Sleep". Psychology Learning & Teaching. 20 (1): 40–57. doi:10.1177/1475725720965363
Testing_effect
Sleep in which half the brain remains alert
slow-wave sleep (USWS) is sleep where one half of the brain rests while the other half remains alert. This is in contrast to normal sleep where both
Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
Unihemispheric_slow-wave_sleep
2010 video game
Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep is a 2010 action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix in collaboration with Disney Interactive Studios
Kingdom_Hearts_Birth_by_Sleep
Consolidating a motor task into memory through repetition
following sleep. Sleep duration and exercise also influence motor skill learning and memory. It has been proven through experiments that sleep after night
Muscle_memory
Health specialist profession
overnight, daytime, or home sleep studies, polysomnograms, on people with suspected sleep disorders. In the United States and worldwide, the process for
Polysomnographic_technologist
Memorization technique based on repetition
alternatives to rote learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, spaced repetition and active learning. Rote learning is widely used in the
Rote_learning
American radio broadcaster and writer
human consciousness, including the sleep state. Monroe was especially attracted to the concept of sleep-learning. This was a natural direction to take
Robert_Monroe
Region of the brainstem
may be an indication of a link between sleep and learning. The two respiratory areas – the pneumotaxic center and the apneustic center make up the pontine
Pontine_tegmentum
Computational model used in machine learning
In machine learning, a neural network (NN) or neural net, is a computational model inspired by the structure and functions of biological neural networks
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Type of long-term human memory
in slow-wave sleep (SWS) after spatial learning. Together these studies show that newly learned memories are reactivated during sleep and through this
Explicit_memory
Operating a motor vehicle while cognitively impaired by lack of sleep
and recorded from the same locations during sleep. The results were patterns that occurred during sleep resembled those that occurred during learning
Drowsy_driving
Waves propagating between brain regions
before REM sleep. The waves begin as electrical pulses from the pons, then move to the lateral geniculate nucleus residing in the thalamus, and end in the
PGO_waves
Midscale hotel chain run by Choice Hotels
Sleep Inn is an American midscale hotel brand operated by Choice Hotels International. Its principal competitors include Best Western and Baymont. In
Sleep_Inn
American science fiction drama TV series
show in season 2.) The actors — sometimes wearing sleep shades — learning how to move sightlessly and to develop their other senses, including the rudimentary
See_(TV_series)
Medical condition
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), is a sleep disorder in which people act out their dreams. It involves
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
functional speech, balance and movement problems, seizures, hyperactivity, and sleep problems. Physical symptoms include a small head and a specific facial appearance
Angelman_syndrome
American neuroscientist
of sleep and its effect on memory and learning. Her findings have shown that the absence of noradrenaline and low levels of serotonin during sleep spindles
Gina_R._Poe
1946 US film noir by Howard Hawks
The Big Sleep is a 1946 American film noir directed by Howard Hawks. William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett and Jules Furthman co-wrote the screenplay, which
The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)
1991 American film by Joseph Ruben
Sleeping with the Enemy is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Joseph Ruben and starring Julia Roberts, Patrick Bergin, and Kevin
Sleeping_with_the_Enemy
Israeli psychoneuroimmunologist
activating orexin neurons optogenetically, Rolls was able to fragment sleep after learning and found that this impacted memory the following day. Interestingly
Asya_Rolls
State of consciousness between waking and sleeping
निद्रा, romanized: yoga nidrā) or yogic sleep in modern usage is a state of consciousness between waking and sleeping, typically induced by a guided meditation
Yoga_nidra
Aspect of learning of motor skills
Stickgold R. Sleep-dependent learning and memory consolidation. Neuron. 2004 Sep 30;44(1):121-33. "The Role of Sleep in Human Declarative Memory Consolidation"
Motor_skill_consolidation
Behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) is a field within sleep medicine that encompasses scientific inquiry and clinical treatment of sleep-related disorders
Behavioral_sleep_medicine
Listening of music to improve sleep quality
Sleep problems are found to be correlated with poor well-being and low quality of life. Persistent sleeping disturbances can lead to fatigue, irritability
Music_and_sleep
2022 book by Juliette Kayyem
Devil Never Sleeps: Learning to Live in an Age of Disasters is a nonfiction book about anticipating disasters, written by Juliette Kayyem and published
The Devil Never Sleeps (Kayyem book)
The_Devil_Never_Sleeps_(Kayyem_book)
American clairvoyant (1877–1945)
sleep. While in this sleep, which to all intents and purposes is a natural sleep, his objective mind is completely inactive and only his subjective is
Edgar_Cayce
Consequences of not getting enough sleep
verbal learning and arithmetic. This is particularly apparent in the right hemisphere. In non-sleep-deprived people involved in verbal learning and arithmetic
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_on_cognitive_performance
Medical specialty of the head and neck
lacerations and soft tissue damage Skin cancer (e.g. Basal Cell Carcinoma) Sleep surgery encompasses any surgery that alleviates obstructive sleep apnea and can
Otorhinolaryngology
Phenomenon observed in several animals
Margoliash D (October 2000). "Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning". Science. 290 (5492): 812–6. Bibcode:2000Sci
Hippocampal_replay
American travel writer
Manchuria: A Village Called Wasteland and the Transformation of Rural China and The Road to Sleeping Dragon: Learning China from the Ground Up. Meyer has
Michael_Meyer_(travel_writer)
Category of memory stabilizing processes
Benavides, J. A.; Stickgold, R. (2010). "Dreaming of a Learning Task is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation". Current Biology. 20
Memory_consolidation
Very young offspring of humans
Infant sleep is not linear, ebbing and flowing with developmental milestones and age. The National Sleep Foundation gives a rough recommendation on sleep hours
Infant
Neural oscillations in the frequency range of 8–12 Hz
activity during REM sleep has yet to be fully understood. Currently, there are arguments that alpha patterns are a normal part of REM sleep, and for the notion
Alpha_wave
Aspect of learning procedure
classical conditioning from other forms of associative learning (e.g., instrumental learning and human associative memory); a number of observations differentiate
Classical_conditioning
Decline of memory retention in time
(e.g. how meaningful it is), its representation and other physiological factors such as stress and sleep. He further hypothesized that the basic forgetting
Forgetting_curve
Neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness
time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness. It can have many possible causes (such as seasonal affective disorder) and can cause distress and problems
Hypersomnia
American writer and photographer (born 1961)
non-fiction writer and photographer. He has written five books – Sleep Demons, Five Quarts, The Anatomist, Insomniac City and Sweat – and has produced one
Bill_Hayes_(writer)
Subreddit
spawned an eponymous podcast called The NoSleep Podcast and multiple published novels, as well as film and television adaptations. r/nosleep was created
R/nosleep
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Temporal difference learning Wake-sleep algorithm Weighted majority algorithm (machine learning) K-nearest neighbors algorithm (KNN) Learning vector quantization
Outline_of_machine_learning
British-Canadian computer scientist (born 1947)
recognition and generation, being trained with alternating "wake" and "sleep" phases. In 2007, Hinton coauthored an unsupervised learning paper titled
Geoffrey_Hinton
German neuroscientist
Deputy Editor of SLEEP, the Section Editor of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, and the Associate Editor of the Journal of Sleep Research. In 1988
Jan_Born
1998 Canadian television film
The Sleep Room is a 1998 Canadian television film about experiments on Canadian mental patients that were carried out in the 1950s and 1960s by Donald
The_Sleep_Room
Episodic sleep disorder and parasomnia
confusional arousal, also known as sleep drunkenness or severe sleep inertia, is medical condition where a person awakened from sleep shows mental confusion for
Confusional_arousal
Psychosis beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after childbirth
factors, though a number of studies have suggested that sleep loss, first pregnancies (primiparity), and previous episodes of PPP may play a role. More recent
Postpartum_psychosis
Overview of and topical guide to deep learning
Quasi-Newton method Wake-sleep algorithm Contrastive learning Embedding Feature learning Manifold learning Metric learning Autoregressive model Diffusion
Outline_of_deep_learning
1956 psychology paper by George Miller on working memory capacity
Magic number or magic spell?". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 12 (3): 419–25. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.12.3.419. PMID 2942626
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two
Act of improving one's memory
memory can be improved by sleeping after learning. Longer breaks between study sessions have been associated with better learning and retention. Encountering
Memory_improvement
Grinding or clenching of the teeth
Bruxism is a common behavior; the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is approximately 22%. Several symptoms are commonly associated
Bruxism
Person's daily sleep preferences
individual to sleep at a particular time during a 24-hour period. Eveningness (delayed sleep period; most active and alert in the evening) and morningness
Chronotype
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
broad groups of situations and stimuli. The adaptive immune system provides a tailored response to each stimulus by learning to recognize molecules it
Immune_system
Type of artificial neural network
Helmholtz machines are usually trained using an unsupervised learning algorithm, such as the wake-sleep algorithm. They are a precursor to variational autoencoders
Helmholtz_machine
Transmission of knowledge and skills
schooling system, while informal education is unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are divided into levels that include
Education
different causes such as mental tasks, sleep, and learning. These changes often occur within the same individual and are clearly relevant to behavior. DFC
Dynamic functional connectivity
Dynamic_functional_connectivity
Psychological occurrence
related to each other (e.g., sleep/bed), it was more likely that the subjects did not remember the first list correctly and created false memories (Anisfeld
False_memory
American memory disorder patient
intact motor learning was provided in a study carried out by Corkin (1968). In this study, Molaison was tested on three motor learning tasks and demonstrated
Henry_Molaison
Areas of myelinated axons in the brain
tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication
White_matter
Inability of adults to recall memories from childhood
timelines for animal development based on changes in learning and memory abilities, brain development, and hormones. Research on rat models indicates that
Childhood_amnesia
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