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Medical specialty
Sleep medicine or somnology is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. From the middle
Sleep_medicine
Naturally recurring resting state of mind and body
Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) divides NREM into three stages: N1, N2, and N3, the last of which is also called delta sleep or slow-wave sleep. The whole
Sleep
Disorder involving pauses in breathing during sleep
Sleep apnea (sleep apnoea or sleep apnœa in British English) is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of
Sleep_apnea
Condition of not having enough sleep
Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency or sleeplessness, is the health condition of not having adequate duration or quality of sleep to support
Sleep_deprivation
Disorder causing trouble with sleeping
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder causing difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep for as long as desired. Insomnia is typically
Insomnia
Medical disorder of a person's sleep patterns
A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder that disrupts an individual's sleep patterns and quality. This can cause serious health issues and
Sleep_disorder
Sleeping disorder
Sleep paralysis is a state, during waking up or falling asleep, in which a person is conscious but in a complete state of paralysis. During an episode
Sleep_paralysis
Upper airway closure disrupting sleep
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. This type of sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of
Obstructive_sleep_apnea
Chronic sleep disorder
Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), more often known as delayed sleep phase syndrome and also as delayed sleep–wake phase disorder, is the delaying of
Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder
Drug whose use induces sleep
A hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep), also known as a somnifacient or soporific, and commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs
Hypnotic
Human sleep disorder
include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. People with narcolepsy
Narcolepsy
Professional society
American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) is a United States professional society for the medical subspecialty of sleep medicine which includes disorders
American Academy of Sleep Medicine
American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine
Set of practices around healthy sleeping
National Sleep Foundation and the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School, both of which have created public websites with sleep hygiene resources
Sleep_hygiene
Cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep
Sleep debt or sleep deficit is the cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep. A large sleep debt may lead to mental or physical fatigue, and can adversely
Sleep_debt
Behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) is a field within sleep medicine that encompasses scientific inquiry and clinical treatment of sleep-related disorders
Behavioral_sleep_medicine
Private medical school in Stanford, California, US
Alexander A. Clerk – psychiatrist and sleep medicine specialist Toby Freedman – aerospace medical director/sports medicine (Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine
Medical condition
disorder, depression, and traumatic brain injury. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) has provided CRSD guidelines since 2007 with the latest update
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
Non-24-hour_sleep–wake_disorder
Medical condition
Sexsomnia, also known as sleep sex, is a distinct form of parasomnia, or an abnormal activity that occurs while an individual is asleep. Sexsomnia is
Sleep_sex
Family of sleep disorders that affect the timing of sleep
sleep disorders (CRSD), also known as circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders (CRSWD), are a family of sleep disorders that affect the timing of sleep.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder
Branch of medicine caring for children
rheumatology Sleep medicine (multidisciplinary) Social pediatrics Sports medicine (not an exhaustive list) Child neurology Addiction medicine (multidisciplinary)
Pediatrics
Involuntary twitching while falling asleep
can be pronounced negative effects on sleep time and quality. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), there is a wide range of potential
Hypnic_jerk
Sleep pattern with more than one period of sleep in a 24-hour period
Polyphasic sleep or segmented sleep is the system of sleeping during multiple periods over the course of 24 hours, in contrast to monophasic sleep, a single
Polyphasic_sleep
Impaired physiological state after awaking
Confusional arousals Tassi, P.; Muzet, A. (2000). "Sleep inertia". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 4 (4): 341–353. doi:10.1053/smrv.2000.0098. PMID 12531174.
Sleep_inertia
Period of sleep in humans and other animals
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, is the third stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), where electroencephalography activity
Slow-wave_sleep
Oscillation between the slow-wave and REM phases of sleep
The sleep cycle is an oscillation between the slow-wave and REM (paradoxical) phases of sleep. It is sometimes called the ultradian sleep cycle, sleep–dream
Sleep_cycle
Abnormal sensory perception during sleep
Classification of Sleep Disorders. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2014. Thorpy, Michael J. (2012-10-01). "Classification of Sleep Disorders"
Exploding_head_syndrome
Reversal of sleeping tendencies
Sleep inversion or sleep-wake inversion is a reversal of sleeping tendencies. Individuals experiencing sleep-wake inversion replace diurnal habits for
Sleep_inversion
For health conditions encountered during spaceflight
Space medicine is a subspecialty of emergency medicine (Fellowship Training Pathway) which evolved from the aerospace medicine specialty. Space medicine is
Space_medicine
Phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in all mammals (including humans) and birds and in some reptiles, characterized
Rapid_eye_movement_sleep
Physiological nature of sleep
Traditionally, sleep has been studied as part of psychology and medicine. The study of sleep from a neuroscience perspective grew to prominence with advances
Neuroscience_of_sleep
Sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread
Night terror, also called sleep terror, is a sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread and typically occurring during the first hours of stage
Night_terror
Sleep disorder of unknown cause
and body Sleep medicine – Medical specialty Sleep hygiene – Set of practices around healthy sleeping Sleep study – Medical recording of sleep activity
Idiopathic_hypersomnia
Seasonal change of clock settings
"Daylight saving time: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 16 (10): 1781–1784. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8780
Daylight_saving_time
Quantitative measure of the tendency to fall asleep
The Promise of Sleep: A Pioneer in Sleep Medicine Explores the Vital Connection Between Health, Happiness, and a Good Night's Sleep. Dell Trade Paperbacks
Sleep_onset_latency
Family of sleep disorders involving sleep disruptions
while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep. Parasomnias are dissociated sleep states which are partial arousals during
Parasomnia
Coding resource for sleep and sleep-related disorders
sleep and sleep medicine". The ICSD was produced by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
2024). "Sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolism: Implications for precision medicine". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 75 101926. doi:10.1016/j
Circadian_rhythm
Short period of sleep during typical waking hours
A nap is a short period of sleep, typically taken during daytime hours as an adjunct to the usual nocturnal sleep period. Naps are most often taken as
Nap
Medical specialty dealing with adult diseases
devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases Sleep medicine Sports medicine Transplant hepatology The American College of Osteopathic Internists
Internal_medicine
First-generation antihistamine used as a short-term sedative and hypnotic (sleep aid)
in nighttime cold medicines (e.g., NyQuil) and pain medications containing paracetamol (acetaminophen) or codeine to help with sleep. The medication is
Doxylamine
Medical condition
"Pain, opioids, and sleep: implications for restless legs syndrome treatment". Sleep Medicine. 31: 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.017. PMID 27964861
Restless_legs_syndrome
Branch of medicine concerning a specific group of diseases or population
of medicine that deal exclusively with children (pediatrics), cancer (oncology), laboratory medicine (pathology), or primary care (family medicine). After
Medical_specialty
Sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished
Central sleep apnea (CSA) or central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) is a sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically
Central_sleep_apnea
Neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness
get angry shortly before sleeping tend to experience sleep drunkenness. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, hypersomniac patients often
Hypersomnia
Sleep disorder
circadian rhythm sleep disorder such as non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder or like insomnia.[citation needed] A physician specializing in sleep medicine may ask patients
Irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder
Irregular_sleep–wake_rhythm_disorder
Annual event
formerly World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM), since 2008. The goal is to celebrate the benefits of good and healthy sleep and to draw society's attention
World_Sleep_Day
Medical condition
decreased quality of sleep is another effect of shift work. To promote a healthy lifestyle, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommended that an
Shift_work_sleep_disorder
reliability of various sleep disorders are yet to be proved and need further research within the ever-changing field of sleep medicine. Systems for the classification
Classification of sleep disorders
Classification_of_sleep_disorders
Breathing method in humans
airway dysfunction during sleep: a review of the paradigm". Sleep Medicine. 51. Elsevier BV: 125–132. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.06.016. ISSN 1389-9457
Mouth_breathing
Medical condition
S2CID 51866276. Super ER, Johnson KP (2012). "Sleep Pharmacotherapeutics for Pediatric Insomnia". Therapy in Sleep Medicine. Elsevier. pp. 457–464. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1703-7
Middle-of-the-night_insomnia
Medical symptom
Non-restorative sleep (NRS), also known as unrefreshing sleep, is a subjective symptom in which sleep is experienced as insufficiently refreshing and
Non-restorative_sleep
Measurement of sleep duration
Sleep efficiency (SE) is the ratio between the time a person spends asleep, and the total time dedicated to sleep (i.e. both sleeping and attempting to
Sleep_efficiency
Medical recording of sleep activity
tests, and home sleep tests. In medicine, sleep studies have been useful in identifying and ruling out various sleep disorders. Sleep studies have also
Sleep_study
Sleeping phenomenon combined with wakefulness
somnambulism or noctambulism, is a phenomenon of combined sleep and wakefulness. It is classified as a sleep disorder belonging to the parasomnia family. It can
Sleepwalking
Babies and young children sleeping near parents
Co-sleeping or bed sharing is a practice in which babies and young children sleep close to one or both parents, as opposed to in a separate room. Co-sleeping
Co-sleeping
performance. To help combat sleep deprivation, NBA organizations have employed scientists or doctors specializing in sleep or sleep medicine on their staffs. NBA
Sleep_in_the_NBA
A sleep position is the body configuration assumed by a person during or prior to sleeping. The topic of sleep position has been covered throughout history
Sleep_position
Professional who practices medicine
hours, shift work and sleep deprivation contribute to medical errors. Within Western culture and over recent centuries, medicine has become increasingly
Medical_doctor
Van Cauter, Eve (June 2007). "The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (3): 163–178. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.01.002.
Sleep_and_metabolism
Vibratory sound made while asleep
ed. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd ed.). American Academy of Sleep Medicine. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-0-9915434-1-0. De Meyer
Snoring
Medical condition
Psychosomatic Medicine has shown that sleep misperception (i.e., underestimation of sleep duration) is prevalent among chronic insomniacs who sleep objectively
Sleep_state_misperception
Medical condition
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), is a sleep disorder in which people act out their dreams. It involves
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder
Treatment for sleep disorder
melatonin. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has recommended chronotherapy for the treatment of circadian rhythm and sleep disorders. Here is an example
Chronotherapy_(sleep_phase)
Lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up
(2014-02-01). "Supine position related obstructive sleep apnea in adults: pathogenesis and treatment". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 18 (1): 7–17. doi:10.1016/j.smrv
Supine_position
Psychological phenomenon
bedtime procrastination, and objective sleep in university students". Sleep Medicine. 132 106556. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106556. ISSN 1389-9457. PMID 40378648
Bedtime_procrastination
Academic journal
Sleep Medicine Reviews is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders
Sleep_Medicine_Reviews
Malignant tumor originating in cartilage
doi:10.3390/curroncol32110615. ISSN 1718-7729. "Chondrosarcoma: Overview – eMedicine Radiology". Retrieved 2009-02-14. Gelderblom, Hans; Hogendoorn, Pancras
Chondrosarcoma
Condition due to travel across time zones
subject of research across multiple fields including chronobiology, sleep medicine, and aviation health. Numerous peer-reviewed studies have examined its
Jet_lag
Hypnotic medication
(CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) noted that ramelteon had only been found to improve sleep onset and not other sleep outcomes, only one of
Ramelteon
Practice of setting the clock forward by one hour in the United states
Association, Sleep Research Society, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, and National Sleep Foundation have
Daylight saving time in the United States
Daylight_saving_time_in_the_United_States
Wakefulness-promoting medication
associated excessive daytime sleepiness. Both the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and European guidelines strongly recommend modafinil as a first-line
Modafinil
Medical specialty of the head and neck
OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the
Otorhinolaryngology
Physician who specializes in psychiatry
Palliative care Pain management Consultation-liaison psychiatry Sleep medicine Brain injury medicine Further, other specialties that exist include: Cross-cultural
Psychiatrist
Questionnaire that assesses sleep quality
consultations, and determinants of help-seeking behaviors". Sleep Medicine. 7 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2005.08.008. PMID 16459140. Nicassio, Perry M.; Ormseth
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Pittsburgh_Sleep_Quality_Index
Medical and surgical degree
A Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (Latin: Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; MBBS, also abbreviated as BM BS, MB ChB, MB BCh, MB
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery
South Korean neurologist (born 1979)
Neurology at the Washington University School of Medicine. She co-directs the Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep (COBRAS) and is a member of the Hope Center
Yo-El_Ju
Class of psychoactive drugs
(2009-08-15). "Sleep and sleep disorders in chronic users of zopiclone and drug-free insomniacs". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 5 (4): 349–54.
Nonbenzodiazepine
Medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system
brain injury medicine, clinical neurophysiology, epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disabilities, neuromuscular medicine, pain medicine, sleep medicine, neurocritical
Neurology
Typically poor in duration and quality
Adolescent sleep is typically poor in duration and quality. Sleep duration and quality reduce to suboptimal levels, and sleep duration variability and
Adolescent_sleep
Phenomenon of talking while asleep
National Sleep Foundation. American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2014) International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd edn. American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Sleep-talking
Listening of music to improve sleep quality
Sleep problems are found to be correlated with poor well-being and low quality of life. Persistent sleeping disturbances can lead to fatigue, irritability
Music_and_sleep
well. Sleep temples also existed in the Middle East and Ancient Greece. In Greece, they were built in honor of Asclepios, the Greek god of medicine and
Sleep_temple
observed sleep disorders in pregnant women include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has
Pregnancy_and_sleep
Formula used in sleep studies
of Sleep Medicine (AASM). However, esophageal manometry is uncomfortable for patients, may disrupt sleep and is impractical to use in most sleep centers
Respiratory_disturbance_index
Spontaneous sleep orgasm
A wet dream, sex dream or sleep orgasm is a spontaneous occurrence of sexual arousal during sleep that includes ejaculation (nocturnal emission) and orgasm
Nocturnal_emission
Scientific study of sleep
the scientific study of sleep. It includes clinical study and treatment of sleep disorders and irregularities. Sleep medicine is a subset of somnology
Somnology
Postgraduate medical degree
A Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor or Dr. med., from the inverse construction) is a medical degree, the meaning
Doctor_of_Medicine
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
hypersomnolence: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 17 (9): 1881–1893. doi:10.5664/jcsm
Adderall
Unpleasant dream
Disorder in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Paper". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 14 (6): 1041–1055. doi:10.5664/jcsm.7178
Nightmare
Medical condition
Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD), also known as the advanced sleep-phase type (ASPT) of circadian rhythm sleep disorder, is a condition that is characterized
Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder
Sleep in an unusual place
Sleeping in space is part of space medicine and mission planning, with impacts on the health, capabilities and morale of astronauts. Human spaceflight
Sleep_in_space
Sleep is broadly considered a biological necessity in virtually all animals. The large majority of such taxa with documented sleep physiology are bilaterians
Sleep_in_animals
Form of sleep involving negligible eye movement
movement sleep (NREM), also known as quiescent sleep, is, collectively, sleep stages 1–3, previously known as stages 1–4. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)
Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep
Rehab Hospital Cairo Center for Sleep Disorders (CairoSleep) Sleep Care Clinic (Center for Sleep Disorders and Sleep Medicine) Elixir Gastro - Hepatic Care
List_of_hospitals_in_Egypt
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Walters' research interests have focused on the nexus where sleep disorders and movement
Arthur_Scott_Walters
Benzodiazepine used for severe insomnia
Academy of Sleep Medicine's 2017 clinical practice guidelines recommended the use of temazepam in the treatment of sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance
Temazepam
Alphanumeric code used by the US Air Force to identify a specific job
Nephrology 44MXK – Geriatrics/palliative care medicine 44MXL – Sleep medicine 44NX – Neurologist 44NXA – Sleep medicine 44NXB – Pain management 44OX – Physician
Air_Force_Specialty_Code
EEG waveform that occurs during sleep
Sleep spindles are bursts of neural oscillatory activity that are generated by interplay of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and other thalamic nuclei
Sleep_spindle
Temporary episode of sleep or drowsiness
Bittencourt, L. R. A. (2010). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Sao Paulo epidemiologic sleep study. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11(5), 441-446. Bioprojet
Microsleep
CNS stimulant and isomer of amphetamine
hypersomnolence: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 17 (9): 1881–1893. doi:10.5664/jcsm
Dextroamphetamine
SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Sun; Sleep
Boy/Male
Greek
God of sleep.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sleep
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Portuguese
Sheep
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Sleep
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sleep
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sly.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Sleep
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sleep
Girl/Female
Christian, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Indian, Swedish
Ewe; Sheep; Female Sheep
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Meditation Sleep
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Sheep
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sleep, Night
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Devon)
English (mainly Devon) : variant of Slape.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sleep, Night
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess of sleep.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sleep
Boy/Male
Latin
Sleep.
Girl/Female
Australian, Indian, Tamil
Sleep
SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE
Female
Egyptian
, a daughter of Amenhotep IV.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Beautiful
Girl/Female
German, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Brave Warrior Woman
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : of uncertain derivation, but possibly a metonymic occupational name for a turner or cutler; the word dudgeon denoted the wood (probably boxwood) used in the handles of knives and daggers in the Middle Ages. Alternatively, it could be a diminutive form of Dodge. The name was taken to northern Ireland in the 17th century.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Traditional
Invested with Divine Quantities
Male
Yiddish
Yiddish form of Hebrew Yisrael, ISSUR means "God prevails" or "contender; soldier of God."
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Old German Walburg, VALPURI means "salvation of the slain in battle."
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Spanish
Highly Praiseworthy; From Anthony; Invaluable
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Flower
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lustrous jewel
SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE
SLEEP MEDICINE
a.
Causing sleep; sleepy.
a.
Inclined to sleep; drowsy; sleepy.
a. & adv.
In the sleep of the grave; dead.
a.
Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep.
v. t.
To be slumbering in; -- followed by a cognate object; as, to sleep a dreamless sleep.
a.
Disposed to sleep; sleepy; drowsy.
a.
Inclined to sleep; sleepy; as, to feel nappy.
a.
Heavy with sleep.
v. i.
To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant; as, a question sleeps for the present; the law sleeps.
a. & adv.
In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant.
a.
Strongly inclined to sleep; very sleepy.
n.
Drowsy; inclined to, or overcome by, sleep.
v. t.
Excessive; as, a steep price.
v. t.
To give sleep to; to furnish with accomodations for sleeping; to lodge.
v. t.
To lay asleep; to put to sleep; to quiet.
n.
The compass of any turning body or of any motion; as, the sweep of a door; the sweep of the eye.
v. t.
Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; ascending or descending rapidly with respect to a horizontal line or a level; precipitous; as, a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep declivity; a steep barometric gradient.
n.
Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as, a sleepy drink or potion.