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Evolutionary biological process
Reductive evolution is a process involving the progressive loss of genes, also known as reductive genomic evolution. This process has occurred across
Reductive_evolution
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
to the group of Preaxostyla, a group known for the prevalence of reductive evolution of mitochondria resulting in various mitochondrion-related organelles
Mitochondria
Order of bacteria
bacteria, but organelles). Rickettsiales genomes are undergoing reductive evolution and are typically small (generally < 1.5 Mbp), AT-rich (generally
Rickettsiales
Bacterium that causes leprosy
deletion and decay that the genome of the species has experienced via reductive evolution, which has caused the bacterium to depend heavily on its host for
Mycobacterium_leprae
Genus of bacteria
Also, reductive evolution is present in E. canis. The genome has had a severe loss of metabolic pathway enzymes compared to its ancestors. Reductive evolution
Ehrlichia
Theory connecting gene loss in microbial communities to natural selection
The Black Queen hypothesis (BQH) is a reductive evolution theory which seeks to explain how natural selection (as opposed to genetic drift) can drive
Black_Queen_hypothesis
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes
Evolution
Evolutionary process
language. Modern humans interbred with archaic humans, indicating that their evolution was not linear but weblike. The study of the origins of humans involves
Human_evolution
Realm of viruses
case, herpesviruses appear to have lost most of these genes through reductive evolution. Outside the realm, an HK97-like fold is only found in encapsulins
Duplodnaviria
Species of bacterium
were lost or downregulated. This process, called genome erosion or reductive evolution, has been described in several other lactic acid bacteria. The proposed
Lactococcus_lactis
Group of excavate protists
and Paratrimastix. This group is studied as a model system for reductive evolution of mitochondria, because it includes both organisms with anaerobic
Preaxostyla
Ecological interaction between taxa
PMID 8610134. Andersson, Siv G.E.; Kurland, Charles G. (July 1998). "Reductive evolution of resident genomes". Trends in Microbiology. 6 (7): 263–268. doi:10
Symbiosis
Domain of organisms
Caetano-Anollés D, Mittenthal JE, Caetano-Anollés G (November 2007). "Reductive evolution of architectural repertoires in proteomes and the birth of the tripartite
Archaea
in the phonology of consonant clusters. The H-cluster reductions are various consonant reductions that have occurred in the history of English, involving
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Period during the evolution of the first cells
authors the Domains that derived from LUCA through a process of reductive evolution or "streamlining" were Prokaryotes; mesophilic and thermophilic Bacteria
Darwinian_threshold
Set of biochemical reactions used by some bacteria
biochemical reactions used by some bacteria. It is also known as the reductive acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway. This pathway enables these organisms
Wood–Ljungdahl_pathway
Concept in microbiology
using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor. They are produced by reductive evolution, via the loss of "signature" mitochondrial functions simply no longer
Mitochondrion-related organelle
Mitochondrion-related_organelle
Concept in evolutionary biology
driving force of evolution on a large scale, but rather it is abiotic factors. The Black Queen hypothesis is a theory of reductive evolution that suggests
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Theory that viruses predate cellular life
mimiviruses most plausibly descended from a complex cellular ancestor by reductive evolution, contradicting the idea that it represents a relic of a pre-cellular
Virus_world_hypothesis
Amount of DNA contained in a genome
intracellular species have positive fitness effects on their hosts. The reductive evolution model has been proposed as an effort to define the genomic commonalities
Genome_size
Terrestrial plants that lack vascular tissue
"Phylogenomic Evidence for the Monophyly of Bryophytes and the Reductive Evolution of Stomata". Current Biology. 30 (11): P2201–2012.E2. Bibcode:2020CBio
Bryophyte
Division of non-vascular land plants
"Phylogenomic Evidence for the Monophyly of Bryophytes and the Reductive Evolution of Stomata". Current Biology. 30 (11): P2201–2012.E2. Bibcode:2020CBio
Liverwort
Sports sedan and rally car
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, popularly referred to as the "Lancer Evo", "LanEvo" or "Evo", is a sports sedan and rally car based on the Lancer that
Mitsubishi_Lancer_Evolution
Family of unicellular, parasitic fungi
"Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 4973. Bibcode:2021NatCo
Sanchytriaceae
Species of bacterium
outside its hosts. These genes are believed to have been lost through reductive evolution. The novel bacterium was discovered in 2008 following the autopsy
Mycobacterium_lepromatosis
Cellular appendage functioning as locomotive or sensory organelle
flagella would be selected by evolution first, but the T3SS evolving from the flagellum can be seen as 'reductive evolution', and receives no topological
Flagellum
arrangement of its flagellar genes suggesting horizontal gene transfer or reductive evolution of its flagella production pathway. Flores G, Wagner I, Liu Y, Reysenbach
Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota 2
Deep-Sea_Hydrothermal_Vent_Euryarchaeota_2
Family of large biological molecules
Gueneau de Novoa P, Williams KP (January 2004). "The tmRNA website: reductive evolution of tmRNA in plastids and other endosymbionts". Nucleic Acids Research
RNA
Genus of bacteria
frequently said to be "small, highly derived products of several types of reductive evolution". The recent discovery of another parallel between Rickettsia and
Rickettsia
Cellular body type
"Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota". Nature Communications. 12 (1). doi:10.1038/S41467-021-25308-W
Amoeboflagellate
American bioinformatician and computational biologist
Yafremava LS, Caetano-Anollés D, Mittenthal JS, Caetano-Anollés G (2007) Reductive evolution of architectural repertoires in proteomes and the birth of the tripartite
Gustavo_Caetano-Anollés
The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history
Timeline_of_human_evolution
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
AV, Tsaousis AD, Hirt RP, Embley TM (March 2010). "Diversity and reductive evolution of mitochondria among microbial eukaryotes". Philosophical Transactions
Glycolysis
The evolution of cetaceans is thought to have proceeded in modern day Pakistan during the Eocene epoch (56–34 mya), the second epoch of the Paleogene
Evolution_of_cetaceans
The evolution of the horse, a mammal of the family Equidae, occurred over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dog-sized
Evolution_of_the_horse
Protective outer structure of bacterial cells
In laboratory culture, the S-layer and capsule are often lost by reductive evolution (the loss of a trait in absence of positive selection). The gram-negative
Cell_envelope
Reduction of nestlings in a bird brood
amount of brood reduction in this species. The brood-reduction hypothesis was first proposed by David Lack in 1947 to explain the evolution of hatching asynchrony
Brood_reduction
Genus of bacteria
in size. The small genome size of phytoplasma is attributable to reductive evolution from Bacillus/Clostridium[dubious – discuss] ancestors. Phytoplasmas
Phytoplasma
Parasitic bacterium
prevalence in an area with a low prevalence of flea infestation. Through reductive evolution, the average genome size of M. haemofelis has been decreased to 1
Mycoplasma_haemofelis
Clade of fungi
"Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota". Nature Communications. 12 (1) 4973. doi:10
Symbiomycota
Family of Asgard archaea
Caetano-Anollés, Derek; Mittenthal, Jay E.; Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo (2007). "Reductive evolution of architectural repertoires in proteomes and the birth of the tripartite
Promethearchaeaceae
Species of bacterium
Networks of Sodalis glossinidius: A Systems Biology Approach to Reductive Evolution". PLOS ONE. 7 (1) e30652. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730652B. doi:10.1371/journal
Sodalis_glossinidius
Phylum of fungi
Trachipleistophora hominis: New insights into microsporidian genome dynamics and reductive evolution". PLOS Pathog. 8 (10) e1002979. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002979
Microsporidia
Hypothesis in evolutionary biology
more complex origin is the basis of reductive evolution where a commensal relationship occurs, while this reduction explained in the thermoreduction hypothesis
Eocyte_hypothesis
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
In laboratory culture, the S-layer and capsule are often lost by reductive evolution (the loss of a trait in absence of positive selection). Gram-negative
Bacterial_cell_structure
The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the
Evolution_of_mammals
Infectious tropical disease
Demangel C, Stinear TP, Cole ST (January 2009). "Buruli ulcer: reductive evolution enhances pathogenicity of Mycobacterium ulcerans". Nature Reviews
Buruli_ulcer
Group of mammals that walk on the tips of their toes or hooves
striking example of convergent evolution. There is some dispute as to whether this smaller Euungulata is a cladistic (evolution-based) group, or merely a phenetic
Ungulate
Process which formed the domestic dog
Schleidt, W. (2003). "Co-evolution of humans and canids: An alternative view of dog domestication: Homo homini lupus?" (PDF). Evolution and Cognition. 9 (1):
Domestication_of_the_dog
Phylum of bacteria
Gustavo Caetano-Anollés, Arshan Nasir (2020). Bacterial Origin and Reductive Evolution of the CPR Group. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa024
Nomurabacteria
Species of bacterium
PMID 27837745. Demangel C, Stinear TP, Cole ST (2009). "Buruli ulcer: reductive evolution enhances pathogeneicity of Mycobacterium ulcerans". Nature Reviews
Mycobacterium_ulcerans
Mitochondrion-derived organelle
AV, Tsaousis AD, Hirt RP, Embley TM (March 2010). "Diversity and reductive evolution of mitochondria among microbial eukaryotes". Philosophical Transactions
Hydrogenosome
Family of fishes
Crampton (2011). "Phylogenetic interrelationships, taxonomy, and reductive evolution in the Neotropical electric fish genus Hypopygus (Teleostei, Ostariophysi
Rhamphichthyidae
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
"Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 4973. Bibcode:2021NatCo
Fungus
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
Reverse Krebs Cycle, the reductive acetyl-CoA, the 3-HP bicycle, the 3-HP/4-HB cycle, the DC/4-HB cycles, and the reductive glycine pathway. The organisms
Biological_carbon_fixation
Species of protists
in 2023 in a large-scale comparative genomic study focused on the reductive evolution of mitochondria in Preaxostyla, which also identified two additional
Paratrimastix_pyriformis
Class of bacteria
that Mollicutes evolved from Gram-positive bacteria by a process of reductive evolution. By adopting a parasitic mode of life with use of nutrients from
Mollicutes
Topics referred to by the same term
BQH or bqh may refer to: Black Queen hypothesis, a reductive evolution theory which seeks to explain how natural selection can drive gene loss BQH, the
BQH
List of plastid genomes whose DNA sequence is known
sequences of the chlorarachniophyte Lotharella oceanica: convergent reductive evolution and frequent recombination in nucleomorph-bearing algae". BMC Genomics
List_of_sequenced_plastomes
Genus of fishes
Crampton (2011). "Phylogenetic interrelationships, taxonomy, and reductive evolution in the Neotropical electric fish genus Hypopygus (Teleostei, Ostariophysi
Hypopygus
Limbless, scaly, elongate reptile
with greatly reduced limbs at least twenty-five times via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards, who have eyelids, external
Snake
Intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics
nutrient sources. On the contrary, loss of genes is important in reductive evolution, such as in intracellular parasites or symbionts. Whole genome duplication
Phylogenomics
Biochemical reaction sequence
cycle, or the reverse citric acid cycle, or the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the reductive TCA cycle) is a sequence of chemical reactions that
Reverse_Krebs_cycle
Species of bacterium
of bacteria, which can then infect new cells. In contrast to the reductive evolution commonly seen in other intracellular bacteria, many pseudo genes
Ehrlichia_chaffeensis
Vertebrates without legs or fins
of diversification for body elongation and limb reduction in convergently snake-like lizards". Evolution. 79 (8): 1555–1567. doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf095
Limbless_vertebrate
Species of bacterium
HS (2010). Ochman H (ed.). "The Early Stage of Bacterial Genome-Reductive Evolution in the Host". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (5) e1000922. doi:10.1371/journal
Burkholderia_mallei
Family of mammals
Ecology, and Evolution, Vol. 1. Comstock Publishing Associates: Ithaca. Perini, F. A.; Russo, C. A. M.; Schrago, C. G. (2010). "The evolution of South American
Canidae
Genus of bacteria
And Genomic Reductive Evolution In The Entomopathogenic Bacterial Symbiont Species, Xenorhabdus poinarii". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (6): 1495–1513
Xenorhabdus
Derivation of birds from a dinosaur precursor
The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period, with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropod dinosaurs named Paraves. Birds are categorized
Evolution_of_birds
Evolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages
A (1 March 2020). "Bacterial Origin and Reductive Evolution of the CPR Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 12 (3): 103–121. doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa024
Candidate_phyla_radiation
Process of removing noise from a signal
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise reduction algorithms may distort
Noise_reduction
Natural number
addition in F 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{2}} corresponds to parity. Thus reduction modulo 2 records the parity of an integer: even integers are congruent
2
Totality of psychological phenomena
identity theory also belongs to reductive physicalism and says that mental states are the same as brain states. While non-reductive physicalists agree that everything
Mind
2012 European research project
incorporate a weight reduction of 40% over that achieved using the current state-of-the-art technologies. The goal of EVolution was to demonstrate the
EVolution
Realm of viruses
lineage. In both scenarios, herpesviruses lost most of them through reductive evolution. Despite the relation, mirusviricots and nucleocytoviricots belong
Varidnaviria
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity
Evidence_of_common_descent
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
complement of observable characteristics. It is a key law or mechanism of evolution which changes the heritable traits characteristic of a population or species
Natural_selection
Clade of reptiles
the evolution of closed-mouth vocal behavior in birds". Evolution. 70 (8). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons for the Society for the Study of Evolution: 1734–1746
Dinosaur
1987 book by David Holbrook
Cambridge, has written a polemic not so much against evolution as against scientific reductionism (which he sees incarnate in neo-Darwinism). He proceeds
Evolution_and_the_Humanities
Species of fish
Crampton (2011). "Phylogenetic interrelationships, taxonomy, and reductive evolution in the Neotropical electric fish genus Hypopygus (Teleostei, Ostariophysi
Hypopygus_cryptogenes
Swedish sports car
903 PS (600 to 664 kW) and the reduction of the redline to 7,200 rpm. As a result, the EDO Competition CCR Evolution can get from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph)
Koenigsegg_CCR
Life arising from non-living matter
synthesized by subjecting a urea solution to freeze-thaw cycles under a reductive atmosphere with spark discharges. These low-temperature reactions proceed
Abiogenesis
British biologist (born 1936)
established The Third Way of Evolution (TWE) project with James A. Shapiro which rejects natural selection as the primary cause of evolution and predicts that the
Denis_Noble
and Kuruksay, Tadzhikistan. This was followed by an explosion of Canis evolution across Eurasia in the Early Pleistocene around 1.8 million YBP in what
Evolution_of_the_wolf
Species of archaeon
fla2 but without a few crucial components. This suggests that both reductive evolution and horizontal gene transfer may have played a role in the acquisition
Aciduliprofundum_boonei
Cultural idea that spreads through imitation
evolve by natural selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution. Memes do this through processes analogous to those of variation, mutation
Meme
Development of insects from an ancestral crustacean and their subsequent radiation
The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology
Evolution_of_insects
Non-technical overview of the subject of biological evolution
In biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological
Introduction_to_evolution
Species of bacterium
Stroiński, Adam; Łukasik, Piotr (7 February 2026). "Convergent extreme reductive evolution in ancient planthopper symbioses". Nature Communications. doi:10
Karelsulcia_muelleri
Order of mammals
Wilfried W. (2002). "Molecular Evolution of the Mammalian Alpha 2B Adrenergic Receptor". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19 (12): 2150–2160. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals
Artiodactyla
Natural history of mating systems in which species pair bond to raise offspring
This may be for many reasons, including paternity assurance. While the evolution of monogamy in animals cannot be broadly ascertained, there are several
Monogamy_in_animals
Informal group of reptiles
convergence. Lizard leglessness or limb reduction has developed independently over two dozen times across lizard evolution, including in the Anniellidae, Anguidae
Lizard
There are various theories on the origin and process of the evolution of menopause. These attempt to suggest evolutionary benefits to the human species
Evolution_of_menopause
1991 book by Robert G. Wesson
He suggests alternative mechanisms of evolution rather than natural selection. Wesson argues that reductionism is inadequate and looks for chaos theory
Beyond_Natural_Selection
Order of egg-laying mammals
independently in monotremes and therians, although, as with the analogous evolution of the tribosphenic molar, this hypothesis is disputed. Nonetheless, findings
Monotreme
the pentose phosphate pathway, including biochemical reactions such as reductive amination and transamination. One theory traces the origins of life to
History_of_life
Sharp reduction in the size of a population
extent of climate change at the time. In 2000, a Molecular Biology and Evolution paper suggested a transplanting model or a 'long bottleneck' to account
Population_bottleneck
Evolutionary theory of social change
Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as the "information capable of affecting individuals'
Cultural_evolution
Species of reptile
intergeneric crocodylian relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48 (3): 1232–1237. Bibcode:2008MolPE..48.1232G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008
Saltwater_crocodile
High-performance version of the BMW 3 Series automobile
volumes. These include the Evo 1, Evo 2, and Sport Evolution, with upgrades including weight reduction, improved aerodynamics, taller front wheel arches
BMW_M3
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