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Programming language for statistics
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been widely adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics
R_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
C is a general-purpose programming language created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie. By design, C gives programmers relatively direct access to the features
C_(programming_language)
Book by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
The C Programming Language (sometimes termed K&R, after its authors' initials) is a computer programming book written by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
The_C_Programming_Language
Language for controlling a computer
A programming language is an engineered language for expressing computer programs, typically allowing software to be written in a human readable manner
Programming_language
Statistical programming language
just one. R (programming language), derivative language based on S programming language that is partially backward compatible with S programs Chambers
S_(programming_language)
Branch of computer science
characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including
Programming_language_theory
to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC (which have their own page), esoteric programming languages, and markup
List_of_programming_languages
Programming language
Go is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that is statically typed and compiled. It is known for the simplicity of its syntax and the efficiency
Go_(programming_language)
Programming language for experimentation or art
An esoteric programming language (sometimes shortened to esolang) or weird language is a programming language designed to test the boundaries of computer
Esoteric_programming_language
Multi-paradigm system programming language
D, also known as dlang, is a multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright at Digital Mars and released in 2001. Andrei Alexandrescu
D_(programming_language)
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
notable programming languages listed here are grouped by their notable language attribute. As a language can have multiple attributes, the same language can
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
Dynamic programming language
Julia is a dynamic general-purpose programming language. As a high-level language, distinctive aspects of Julia's design include a type system with parametric
Julia_(programming_language)
Functional programming language for arrays
spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages. A mathematical notation for
APL_(programming_language)
Programming language written graphically by a user
computing, a visual programming language (visual programming system, VPL, or, VPS), also known as diagrammatic programming, graphical programming or block coding
Visual_programming_language
Lisp dialect
multi-paradigm programming language. The Racket language is a modern dialect of Lisp and a descendant of Scheme. It is designed as a platform for programming language
Racket_(programming_language)
Microsoft programming language
strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods. It is most often used
F Sharp (programming language)
F_Sharp_(programming_language)
Extensions to the R statistical programming language
R packages are extensions to the R statistical programming language. R packages contain code, data, and documentation in a standardised collection format
R_package
Programming language running on the Erlang virtual machine
general-purpose programming language that runs on the BEAM virtual machine, which is also used to implement the Erlang programming language. Elixir builds
Elixir_(programming_language)
Programming language close to hardware
A low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture, memory
Low-level programming language
Low-level_programming_language
High-level programming language first released in 1980
and object-oriented high-level programming language, inspired by Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC)
Ada_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
Zig is a system programming language designed to be a general-purpose improvement to the C programming language. It is free and open-source software,
Zig_(programming_language)
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm
Functional_programming
Programming language
high-level, functional programming language. It is a dialect of the programming language ML, designed by Hongwei Xi to unify computer programming with formal specification
ATS_(programming_language)
Programming language
and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using
Pascal_(programming_language)
Programming language with hardware abstraction
high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages
High-level programming language
High-level_programming_language
Proprietary language for AI accelerators
Mojo is an in-development proprietary programming language for Linux and macOS. It is a systems programming language with semantics inspired by Rust such
Mojo_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
collection. Python supports multiple programming paradigms but with an emphasis on object-oriented programming and dynamic typing. Guido van Rossum began
Python_(programming_language)
Programming language
educational programming language for beginners, created by Richard E. Pattis in his book Karel The Robot: A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Programming. Pattis
Karel_(programming_language)
Programming language family
(historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix
Lisp_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
general-purpose programming language which emphasizes performance, type safety, concurrency, and memory safety. Rust supports multiple programming paradigms
Rust_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
general-purpose programming language first published in 1987 by Niklaus Wirth and the latest member of the Wirthian family of ALGOL-like languages (Euler, ALGOL
Oberon_(programming_language)
Object-oriented programming language
packages such as: PcGive, Autometrics, G@rch, Mulcom, and Ssfpack. R (programming language) "Ox citation and copyright". Retrieved November 28, 2015. Official
Ox_(programming_language)
High-level computer programming language
Ontario as an introduction to programming. On November 28, 2007, Turing, which was previously a commercial programming language, became freeware, available
Turing_(programming_language)
Programming paradigm based on modeling the logic of a computation
writing of parallel programs. Common declarative language paradigms include logic programming (e.g., Prolog, Datalog, answer set programming), and algebraic
Declarative_programming
Programming language learning environment
Scratch is a high-level, block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience
Scratch (programming language)
Scratch_(programming_language)
Imperative programming – explicit statements that change a program state Logic programming – uses explicit mathematical logic for programming Metaprogramming
Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages
Comparison_of_multi-paradigm_programming_languages
Mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational
Semantics (programming languages)
Semantics_(programming_languages)
Concept in Computer Science
Programming languages have been classified into several programming language generations. Historically, this classification was used to indicate increasing
Programming language generations
Programming_language_generations
Programming language for JSON
command-line utility and very high-level, functional, domain-specific programming language designed for processing JSON data. jq filters its input data to produce
Jq_(programming_language)
Stack-based programming language
Forth is a stack-oriented programming language and interactive integrated development environment designed by Charles H. "Chuck" Moore and first used by
Forth_(programming_language)
Object-oriented programming language
Java is a high-level, general-purpose, memory-safe, object-oriented programming language. It is intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA)
Java_(programming_language)
Programming paradigm based on objects
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s).[clarification needed]
Object-oriented_programming
Procedural programming language
B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. B was designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent
B_(programming_language)
Esoteric programming language
esoteric programming language with syntax where only whitespace characters (space, tab and newline) have meaning – contrasting typical languages that largely
Whitespace (programming language)
Whitespace_(programming_language)
Notable programming sources use terms like C-style, C-like, a dialect of C, having C-like syntax. The term curly bracket programming language denotes
List of C-family programming languages
List_of_C-family_programming_languages
General purpose functional programming language
components. HOL (proof assistant) Hope (programming language) Isabelle (proof assistant) Nuprl Gordon, M.; Milner, R.; Wadsworth, C. P. (1979). Edinburgh
ML_(programming_language)
Approach to software development
Literate programming (LP) is a programming paradigm introduced in 1984 by Donald Knuth in which a computer program is given as an explanation of how it
Literate_programming
of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
Computer programming language
Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Solomon. The name was coined by Feurzeig while
Logo_(programming_language)
Apple's general-purpose, open-source, compiled programming language
Swift is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language created by Chris Lattner in 2010 for Apple Inc. and maintained by
Swift_(programming_language)
Class of computer programming languages
high-level programming concepts like structured programming. Examples include Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language (ESPOL) and Systems Programming Language
System_programming_language
Programming language
general-purpose, multi-paradigm, statically typed, compiled, high-level system programming language. It was designed and developed by a team led by Andreas Rumpf. Nim
Nim_(programming_language)
Visual programming language for system dynamics modeling
marketed as iThink) is a visual programming language for system dynamics modeling introduced by Barry Richmond in 1985. The program, distributed by isee systems
STELLA_(programming_language)
Object-oriented programming language
Crystal is a high-level general-purpose, object-oriented programming language, designed and developed by Ary Borenszweig, Juan Wajnerman, Brian Cardiff
Crystal (programming language)
Crystal_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object
Ruby_(programming_language)
Low-level programming language family
was commonplace for both systems programming and application programming to take place entirely in assembly language. While still irreplaceable for some
Assembly_language
General-purpose programming language
high-level general-purpose programming language that supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming. Designed to be concise, many
Scala_(programming_language)
High-level computer programming conceptualization
programming paradigm is a relatively high-level way to conceptualize and structure the implementation of a computer program. A programming language can
Programming_paradigm
Class-based programming language
CLU is a class-based programming language created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by Barbara Liskov and her students starting in 1973
CLU_(programming_language)
Applying operations to whole sets of values simultaneously
engineering settings. Modern programming languages that support array programming (also known as vector or multidimensional languages) have been engineered specifically
Array_programming
Functional programming language
Hope is a programming language based on functional programming developed in the 1970s at the University of Edinburgh. It predates Miranda and Haskell and
Hope_(programming_language)
Dialect of Lisp
for functional programming and associated techniques such as recursive algorithms. It was also one of the first programming languages to support first-class
Scheme_(programming_language)
Multi-paradigm programming language
Go! is an agent-based programming language in the tradition of logic-based programming languages like Prolog. It was introduced in a 2003 paper by Francis
Go!_(programming_language)
Programming language
UR-lang) is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language, and a garbage-collected runtime system. The term Erlang is used
Erlang_(programming_language)
Programming language
general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled imperative and declarative programming language developed by Huawei. It was first released on June 21, 2024, as part
Cangjie (programming language)
Cangjie_(programming_language)
Ability of a process to examine and modify itself
Invoke(fooInstance) End If Next List of reflective programming languages and platforms Mirror (programming) Programming paradigms Self-hosting (compilers) Self-modifying
Reflective_programming
Programming language specialized to a specific application domain
language (DSL) is a programming language specialized to a specific application domain. This is in contrast to a general-purpose programming language,
Domain-specific_language
Non-English-based programming languages are programming languages that do not use keywords taken from or inspired by English vocabulary. The use of the
Non-English-based programming languages
Non-English-based_programming_languages
Family of programming languages
Concurrent Language (ABCL) is a family of programming languages, developed in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s. ABCL/1 (Actor-Based Concurrent Language) is a prototype-based
Actor-Based Concurrent Language
Actor-Based_Concurrent_Language
record of notable programming languages, by decade. History of computing hardware History of programming languages Programming language Timeline of computing
Timeline of programming languages
Timeline_of_programming_languages
Software development and deployment platform
Software Corporation, first released in 1996. It consists of the JADE programming language, integrated development environment and debugger, integrated application
JADE_(programming_language)
Programming language by David Turner
a lazy, purely functional programming language designed by David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages SASL and KRC, using some concepts
Miranda (programming language)
Miranda_(programming_language)
Programming language for automation scripts
writing a script is called scripting. A scripting language or script language is a programming language that is used for scripting. Originally, scripting
Scripting_language
Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules
Comparison of programming languages
Comparison_of_programming_languages
Functional programming language
Unlambda is a minimal, "nearly pure" functional programming language invented by David Madore. It is based on combinatory logic, an expression system without
Unlambda
Sub-field of computer science
Programming languages are typically created by designing a form of representation of a computer program, and writing an implementation for the developed
Programming language design and implementation
Programming_language_design_and_implementation
Type of programming language
Scientific programming language may refer to two related, yet distinct, concepts in computer programming. In a broad sense, it describes any programming language
Scientific programming language
Scientific_programming_language
Programming language
Hack is a programming language for the HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM), created by Meta (formerly Facebook) as a dialect of PHP. The language implementation
Hack_(programming_language)
Documentation defining a programming language
In computer programming, a programming language specification (or standard or definition) is a specification language or documentation[dubious – discuss]
Programming language specification
Programming_language_specification
Group of computer programming languages
A fourth-generation programming language (4GL) is a high-level computer programming language that belongs to a class of languages envisioned as an advancement
Fourth-generation programming language
Fourth-generation_programming_language
Programming language designed for interoperability with C++
how a program might be written in Carbon and C++: Computer programming portal Comparison of programming languages Timeline of programming languages C++
Carbon_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
(/ˈfɔːrtræn/; formerly FORTRAN) is a third-generation, compiled, imperative programming language designed for numeric computation and scientific computing. Fortran
Fortran
Named set of data type values
computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, a condition-name in the COBOL programming language
Enumerated_type
Programming language using strict evaluation
A strict programming language is a programming language that only allows strict functions (functions whose parameters must be evaluated completely before
Strict_programming_language
Lightweight programming language
[ˈlu(w)ɐ] meaning moon) is a lightweight, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language designed mainly for embedded use in applications. Lua is cross-platform
Lua
Concurrent programming language
two programming environments. The Limbo programming language can be considered a direct successor of Alef and is the most commonly used language in the
Alef_(programming_language)
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced /piː ɛl wʌn/ and sometimes written PL/1) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language initially
PL/I
General-purpose programming language
(class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. The principal designers of the C# programming language were Anders Hejlsberg, Scott Wiltamuth
C Sharp (programming language)
C_Sharp_(programming_language)
Computer programming paradigm
constraint logic programming were Prolog III, CLP(R), and CHIP. Instead of logic programming, constraints can be mixed with functional programming, term rewriting
Constraint_programming
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Functional programming language created in 2007
Idris is a purely-functional programming language with dependent types, quantity annotations, optional lazy evaluation, and features such as a totality
Idris_(programming_language)
Syntax extension and toolchain for OCaml
Reason, also known as ReasonML, is a programming language and toolchain that is part of the OCaml programming language ecosystem. Reason uses many syntax
Reason_(programming_language)
Lisp-like programming language
Development Language, or colloquially also referred to as More Datatypes than Lisp or MIT Design Language[citation needed]) is a programming language, a descendant
MDL_(programming_language)
Organizing code into modules
Modular programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes organizing the functions of a codebase into independent modules, each providing an aspect
Modular_programming
Software system for statistical models
uncertainty. Programming languages following the probabilistic programming paradigm are referred to as "probabilistic programming languages" (PPLs). Probabilistic
Probabilistic_programming
R software and development tools
This is a list of software and programming tools for the R programming language, including IDEs, package managers, libraries, debugging tools, numerical
List_of_R_software_and_tools
Open-source data science software company
founded by J. J. Allaire, creator of the programming language ColdFusion. Posit has no formal connection to the R Foundation for Statistical Computing, a
Posit_PBC
Computer programming language released in 2011
programming portal Comparison of programming languages History of programming languages List of programming languages List of programming languages by
Red_(programming_language)
Programming language that uses first order logic
logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules
Prolog
Programming language derived from Perl
of programming languages. Formerly named Perl 6, it was renamed in October 2019. Raku introduces elements of many modern and historical languages. Compatibility
Raku_(programming_language)
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