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Byproduct in PCR formed by primer annealing to itself
A primer dimer (PD) is a potential by-product in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common biotechnological method. As its name implies, a PD consists
Primer_dimer
Short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis
A primer is a short, single-stranded nucleic acid used by all living organisms in the initiation of DNA synthesis. A synthetic primer is a type of oligo
Primer_(molecular_biology)
Methods to reduce failure and increase the reliability of PCR
bands on PCR gels. Primer dimer formation often competes with formation of the DNA fragment of interest, and may be avoided using primers that are designed
Polymerase chain reaction optimization
Polymerase_chain_reaction_optimization
Laboratory technique of molecular biology
all dsDNA PCR products, including nonspecific PCR products (such as primer dimer). This can potentially interfere with, or prevent, accurate monitoring
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction
Laboratory technique
reduced primer dimer formation, detection of alternative splicing variants, ability to perform multiplex PCR with higher numbers of PCR primers, and the
RNase_H-dependent_PCR
Modified polymerase chain reaction
the mixture, are the cause behind the synthesis of by-products such as primer dimer and mis-priming. Mis-priming greatly impedes and reduces the efficiency
Hot_start_PCR
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
that utilizes primers with a 3' extension block that can be removed by a thermostable RNase HII enzyme. This system reduces primer-dimers and allows for
Polymerase_chain_reaction
DNA profiling technique
amplified DNA variants. Primer sequences are selected to minimize self-complementarity and palindromic motifs, reducing primer-dimer formation during amplification
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
Random_amplification_of_polymorphic_DNA
Single tube technique for the amplification of DNA
added to view LAMP in real-time. However, in the late amplification, primer-dimer amplification may contribute to a false positive signal. The use of inorganic
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Loop-mediated_isothermal_amplification
Thermostable form of DNA polymerase I used in polymerase chain reaction
facilitates high specificity of the primers and reduces the production of nonspecific products, such as primer dimer. Also, use of a thermostable polymerase
Taq_polymerase
Bioengineering process
which uses only forward primers, while the second reaction uses only reverse primers. This avoids the formation of primer dimer formation.[page needed]
Protein_engineering
American singer and guitarist (born 1945)
John Primer (born March 5, 1945, Camden, Mississippi, United States) is an American Chicago blues and electric blues singer and guitarist who played behind
John_Primer
Laboratory technique to multiply an RNA sample for study
using DNA binding dyes such as SYBR Green since the elimination of primer-dimers can be achieved through a simple change in the melting temperature.
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction
Laboratory process
unfamiliar with PCR troubleshooting, as non-specific amplification, primer-dimer artifacts, or DNA degradation can all affect result quality. Moreover
Genotyping
not used at all, and is instead replaced with uracil. thymine dimer See pyrimidine dimer. tight junction A type of specialized intercellular junction characterized
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Study of the effects of temperature on biology
facilitates high specificity of the primers and reduces the production of nonspecific products, such as primer dimer. Also, use of a thermostable polymerase
Thermobiology
PCR artifacts (e.g. primer-dimers or truncated products) can increase the background noise and obscure the signal. Primer-dimers can also inhibit the
Surveyor_nuclease_assay
Genomic analysis technique
reaction. The PCR products are purified again using AMPure beads to remove primer dimers and then quantified before being sequenced. Regions of chromatin that
Hi-C (genomic analysis technique)
Hi-C_(genomic_analysis_technique)
Various uses and techniques of polymerase chain reaction in the laboratory
PCR (rhPCR) can reduce primer-dimer formation, and increase the number of assays in multiplex PCR. The method utilizes primers with a cleavable block
Variants_of_PCR
Web-based tool for analysing primers used in PCR to amplify a DNA sequence
PCR reaction. NetPrimer also analyzes the thermodynamically important secondary structures such as hairpins, self and cross dimers, runs and repeats
Netprimer
Molecular complex
asymmetric dimer with DNA polymerase epsilon.) This polymerase synthesizes leading strand DNA in eukaryotes. (Thought to form an asymmetric dimer with DNA
Replisome
Preparation and analysis method for DNA
balance, resulting in inefficient ligation and an excess amount of primer dimers, respectively. Therefore, it is important to keep the molar concentration
Duplex_sequencing
Global data center infrastructure provider
Retrieved 2021-04-20. "HostDime obtiene el primer certificado ISO 27701 emitido en Brasil". datacenterdynamics.com. 2020-12-15. "HostDime begins work on Colombian
HostDime
Book series
The Oxford Chemistry Primers are a series of short texts providing accounts of a range of essential topics in chemistry and chemical engineering written
Oxford_Chemistry_Primers
Fictional deity in the Cthulhu Mythos
ISBN 978-1-4766-6948-9. Bilstad, T. Allan (2009). The Lovecraft Necronomicon Primer: A Guide to the Cthulhu Mythos. Llewellyn Publications. pp. 53–55. ISBN 978-0738713793
Azathoth
Song by Ivy Queen
"Dime" (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdime], "Tell Me") is a song by Puerto Rican reggaetón recording artist Ivy Queen, from her first live album, Ivy Queen
Dime_(Ivy_Queen_song)
Medical condition where blood clots block small blood vessels
Findings may include low platelets, low fibrinogen, high INR, or high D-dimer. Treatment is mainly directed towards the underlying condition. Other measures
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation
needed. The genomic RNA of retroviruses is linked non-covalently to the dimer linkage structure (DLS), a non-coding region in the 5' UTR. For the kissing
Kissing_stem-loop
American singer-songwriter
Hypocrite" "Once They Banned Imagine" 2014 English Oceans "Shit Shots Count" "Primer Coat" "Made Up English Oceans" "Hearing Jimmy Loud" "Natural Light" "First
Mike_Cooley_(musician)
Family of viruses
molecules 7–10 kilobases in length. The two molecules are present as a dimer, formed by base pairing between complementary sequences. Interaction sites
Retrovirus
Colombian singer
Spanish). 16 February 2025. Retrieved 17 February 2025. "Beele ofrecerá su primer gran concierto en Valencia Venezuela". AmericaTeve (in Spanish). 8 February
Beéle
Antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes
immunoglobulin chains. As such, the molecular weight of a J chain-coupled dimer of IgA is ~340 kDa. The oligomer forms of IgA in the external (mucosal)
Immunoglobulin_A
Biological process
template strand. To begin synthesis, a short fragment of RNA, called a primer, must be created and paired with the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase
DNA_replication
2001 studio album by Jaguares
en Español Length 65:32 Labels RCA BMG Jaguares chronology Bajo el Azul de Tu Misterio (1999) Cuando la Sangre Galopa (2001) El Primer Instinto (2002)
Cuando_la_Sangre_Galopa
Frankelda' convoca a los espectros de Mary Shelley y Porfirio Díaz en el primer 'stop motion' mexicano". El País México (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved
List_of_horror_films_of_2025
Mexican actress and singer
"Verónica Castro celebra 71 años de vida". Yahoo!. Retrieved 4 August 2025. "El primer paso... de la mujer". La Vanguardia. Retrieved 5 August 2025. "Movie Guide"
Verónica_Castro
Family of viruses
stem and the 3D domains (VPg domain) contacting the lower stem. The 3C dimer opens the RNA stem by forming a more stable interaction with single strands
Picornavirus
ISBN 978-1402018718. Chandramouli, Magesh (2021). 3D Modeling & Animation: A Primer. CRC Press. p. 181. ISBN 9781498764926. "Le Praxinoscope à projection".
List_of_years_in_animation
Organosulfur chemical compound used as a solvent
such as I2, phenols, trimethyltin chloride, metalloporphyrins, and the dimer Rh2Cl2(CO)4. The donor properties are discussed in the ECW model. The relative
Dimethyl_sulfoxide
American drama television series (2018–26)
interest Cory Hardrict as Dante (seasons 3–7), Tiff's fling Zaria Imani Primer as Lynae (seasons 4–8), Jamal's younger sister and Bakari's love interest
The_Chi
DNA sequence
structures with a major splicing donor site embedded in the second SL. DIS, or dimer initiation site, is a highly conserved RNA–RNA interacting sequence constituting
Long_terminal_repeat
Bacterial DNA primase
structure of DnaB is really a trimer of dimers. Both Ile119 and Ile125 are buried in the N-terminal domain dimer interface of DnaB and mutation of these
DnaG
2003 film by Tommy Wiseau
2013, p. 262. Singer, Matt (March 24, 2009). ""Everyone Betray Me!": A Primer on 'The Room'". IFC. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Retrieved
The_Room
Latin Music
18 February 2024. Piel de Ángel: Gold (100,000)"Lucero y Mijares cumplen primer año de matrimonio". El Siglo de Torreon (in Spanish). 18 January 1998. p
List of best-selling Latin music artists
List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists
American miniseries (1993)
might get "hopelessly lost in the tangled story line", arranged for the primer to be published. It also included writing supposedly from the "world of
Wild_Palms
Bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli
predominate. The cI dimer may bind to any of three operators, OR1, OR2, and OR3, in the order OR1 > OR2 > OR3. Binding of a cI dimer to OR1 enhances binding
Lambda_phage
Species of virus
Rep' form a dimer that binds to two hexameric regions adjacent to the stem-loop, H1 and H2, which is required for replication. When the dimer binds to this
Porcine_circovirus
Mexican singer-songwriter (born 1997)
2022). "Así es como Silvana Estrada se enamoró del cuatro venezolano, su primer amor al que describe como "el más sano"". CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved
Silvana_Estrada
StB, po letech se veřejně omluvil (in Czech) Mor Miquel Clar Lladó, el primer batlle de Llucmajor després de la dictadura (in Catalan) Former MP and minister
Deaths_in_February_2026
2024 award ceremony for music
Nobody – Tracy Nelson Teardrops for Magic Slim Live at Rosa's Lounge – John Primer Best Contemporary Blues Album Blood Harmony – Larkin Poe Death Wish Blues
66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards
American radical feminist (1936–1988)
she wrote two works: an autobiographical short story, "A Young Girl's Primer on How to Attain the Leisure Class", and a play, Up Your Ass, about a young
Valerie_Solanas
2025–2026 concert tour by Bad Bunny
19, 2026. Diaz, Jonathan (January 24, 2026). "Bad Bunny la rompe en su primer concierto en Medellín al lado de Bomba Estéreo". El Heraldo (in Spanish)
Debí Tirar Más Fotos World Tour
Debí_Tirar_Más_Fotos_World_Tour
1960s–1980s American film movement
Nobile, Phil Jr. (September 13, 2015). "Violent Italy: A Poliziotteschi Primer". Birth.Movies.Death. 25 Masterpieces of World Cinema Made During The New
New_Hollywood
American singer
which reached the top 20 of the Latin American music charts. His album "Mi Primer Amor" was released in 1997. Albums in order from newest to oldest: A Grito
Michael_Salgado
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
system of E. coli, Cas1 and Cas2 form a complex where a Cas2 dimer bridges two Cas1 dimers. In this complex, Cas2 performs a non-enzymatic scaffolding
CRISPR
Napoleon Dynamite (2004) Palindromes (2004) The Passion of the Christ (2004) Primer (2004) Saw (2004) Sideways (2004) Silver City (2004) Super Size Me (2004)
List of American independent films
List_of_American_independent_films
Tetratype (T) Theta structure Thr Three-point cross Thymidine Thymine Thymine dimer Ti plasmid Topoisomer Topoisomerase Totipotency Totipotent Toxicogenomics
Index_of_genetics_articles
American skateboarding company
Ride Channel. The Ride Channel. "Mike Hill Interview". "Aliens Exist: A Primer on Alien Workshop and Mike Hill". 21 March 2017. "Alien Workshop skate videos"
Alien_Workshop
American business executive (born 1967)
parents and members of Selena y Los Dinos appeared live on Univision's Primer Impacto on March 31, 2004, to announce Selena ¡Vive!, an April 2005 benefit
Suzette_Quintanilla
Structures connecting keratinocyte cells to the extracellular matrix
Jemima E. (2020-09-24). "Epidermolysis bullosa". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 6 (1): 78. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0. ISSN 2056-676X. PMID 32973163
Hemidesmosome
U.S. law providing benefits for World War II veterans
Education and Training". www.benefits.va.gov. "The Post-9/11 GI Bill: A Primer". www.congress.gov. Retrieved March 1, 2026. "Rudisill v. McDonough". SCOTUSblog
G.I._Bill
Chemical compounds containing C–Li bonds
pathways in which dimer or other oligomers are the reactive species have also been discovered, and for lithium amides such as LDA, dimer-based reactions
Organolithium_reagent
2010 compilation album by Various Artists
Me Doy Por Vencido", "Dime", and "Sin Perdon". Track listing adapted from the album liner notes. "Luis Fonsi alcanza el primer lugar con su disco". Terra
Bachata_Number_1's,_Vol._3
Mexican singer and actress (born 1971)
Thalía afirma que si muriera mañana..." 3 January 2013. "Thalía celebra el primer aniversario de su Primera fila". EL INFORMADOR. Archived from the original
Thalía
Skin cancer originating in melanocytes
1/3rd the frequencies of UVA-induced thymine dimers, respectively. If unrepaired, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photoproducts can lead to mutations
Melanoma
Class of proteins
structure of three beta-strands to a single six-stranded beta-sheet to form a dimer. Replication protein A is the functional equivalent of SSB in the nucleus
Single-stranded binding protein
Single-stranded_binding_protein
2015 film by Pete Docter
maint: deprecated archival service (link) Gray, Tim (January 20, 2016). "A Primer on Oscar's Sound Editing and Mixing Categories". Variety. Archived from
Inside_Out
Soviet semi-automatic carbine
without being fully locked). This behavior is less likely with the hard primer military-spec ammo for which the SKS was designed, but as with any rifle
SKS
Type of chromosome
Deoxynucleotides are then added to this primer by a single DNA polymerase III dimer, in an integrated complex with DnaB helicase. Leading strand synthesis then
Circular_chromosome
American musician and poet (1967–2019)
2019. Rutledge, Chris (July 10, 2019b). "The Natural Bridge: A Silver Jews Primer". American Songwriter. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved
David_Berman_(musician)
58 — "Original" (with Bad Bunny) — 28 — 82 — PROMUSICAE: Gold Ares "Mi Primer Kilo" — — — — — "Me Gusta" — — — — — "Satisfacción" (with Nicky Jam and
Arcángel_discography
Dominican singer (born 1939)
Atreves Ámame Que Quieres Tú de Mi Por Qué Huyes Toda La Vida Mamita Dime Una Más El Primer Beso Junto A Mí Hasta Cuándo (1997) Ella Se Fue Déjenme Llorar Hasta
Luis_Segura
Argentine singer-songwriter (born 2000)
Hernando, Gabriel (2 September 2021). "María Becerra se empodera en Animal, su primer disco". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2024. "Tini Stoessel
María_Becerra
1936). The Sunday Oregonian, Section 1, p. 13. "A Bavarian Illuminati primer". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
List_of_Freemasons_(E–Z)
Enzymes which cleave a nucleotide chain
originally linked the two nucleotides of the dimer. Subsequent steps in the repair process involve removal of the dimer remnants and repair synthesis to fill
Endonuclease
Musical artist
buena"". Abc.es. 23 September 2017. "Ticketbell - SOFÍA ELLAR presenta su primer disco "6 Peniques" en Madrid". Ticketbell.com. "Seis Peniques". Amazon.es
Sofia_Ellar
American Old West figure (1843–1905)
Granstra, Pat. "Earps Were Shooting Long Before the OK Corral". CivilWarPrimer.com. Retrieved February 20, 2014. Beltman, Brian W. "Nineteenth-Century
Virgil_Earp
priory, subprior • prima facie, primacy, primal, primary, primate, prime, primer, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, subprimal
List of Latin words with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_words_with_English_derivatives
Form of the drug cocaine
§ 812(b)(2) Retrieved 1 May 2008 Sterling E. "Drug Laws and Snitching: A Primer". PBS. Retrieved 2013-05-20. LaFraniere S (19 January 1990). "Barry Arrested
Crack_cocaine
Autoimmune diseases of the skin
"Ustekinumab in psoriasis immunopathology with emphasis on the Th17-IL23 axis: a primer". Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology. 2012 147413. doi:10.1155/2012/147413
Psoriasis
DNA sequence of interest. There is the flow cell binding sequence, the primer binding site, and also tagged barcoded regions to allow pooled sequencing
Adapter_(genetics)
U.S. state
Post. Retrieved May 29, 2020. Halverson, Jeff (February 7, 2018). "Your primer to understanding Mid-Atlantic cold air damming and 'the wedge'". The Washington
Virginia
RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022. "Primer embajador ruso llega esta mañana al país" (in Spanish). 7 March 2009. Archived
Foreign_relations_of_Russia
American rapper (born 1973)
Realest Filming Adult DVD BallerStatus, November 11, 2004 Hip Hop Porn Primer by P. Weasels. Gamelink.com. Slumber Party. Internet Movie Database. Tha
Tha_Realest
Spanish singer and songwriter (born 2006)
release announcement". "Pol Calvo, ganador de 'La Voz Kids 2022', publica su primer single "Tu Madrid"". www.antena3.com (in Spanish). 29 October 2022. Retrieved
Pol_Calvo
Yolanda" Interscope Dar Vida Debi Nova Latin Pop "Baño de Luna" "Pasajera" "Primer Beso" "Barco del Tiempo" Sony Music Latin El Último Baile Trueno Urbano
2024_in_Latin_music
Substance which absorbs energy from fluorescent substances and emits heat
quencher at the base of the stem is used. An unlabeled SNP specific PCR primer (one of many) with a specific 5' tail binds to the sequence to be probed
Dark_quencher
1992 studio album by Chayanne
Released: 1992 (1992) "Mi Primer Amor" Released: 1993 (1993) "Isla Desnuda" Released: 1993 (1993) "Éxtasis" Released: 1993 (1993) "Dime Lo Que Quieres Que Haga"
Provócame
British chemist (1927–2007)
in length starting from a poly-adenosine 10-mer primer. In the absence of montmorillonite, the primer was capped through the formation of a 5’ adenosine
Leslie_Orgel
Subgenre of science fiction
March 15, 2014. Sterling, Bruce (June 18, 2009). Shiner, Lewis (ed.). "A Primer for SF Workshops". Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Retrieved
Space_Western
"Llegan a un acuerdo de culpabilidad por asesinatos de dos mujeres trans en primer caso federal por crimen de odio en Puerto Rico" [Plea deal reached for murders
List of people killed for being transgender
List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender
Realm of viruses
5′ ("five prime") to 3′ ("three prime") direction as it synthesizes RNA primers to prime DNA synthesis by a host DNA polymerase. During the next stage
Volvereviria
Mexican musician, singer, dancer, and actor
2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-06-24. "Ya se puede ver el videoclip de "vivo", el primer corte musical de "papás por encargo"". 24 June 2022. ""Solo Amor y Mil Canciones"
Jorge_Blanco_(musician)
Contemporary subculture
(June 20, 2023). "The Western Gothic In Film, Music, And Literature: A Primer". crimereads.com. Lithub. Retrieved June 25, 2024. "Welcome to the Gothic
Gothic_Western
2024 single by FloyyMenor and Cris MJ
on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024. "'Gata Only' de Cris MJ llega al primer lugar de Billboard Latino" ['Gata Only' by Cris MJ reaches the top position
Gata_Only
Category of polymers, in which the monomers are joined together by ester links
Dordrecht, 1994. Schuler MJ (1981). "Part 8: Dyeing with disperse dyes". Dyeing Primer. AATCC. p. 21. GGKEY:SK3T00EYAFR. "Dacron sails | Elvstrøm Sails since 1954"
Polyester
Brazilian singer and songwriter (born 1951)
My Girl". Discogs. "Morris Albert - Memories". Discogs. "Morris Albert - Primer Lugar del Festival de Mallorca 1976. Seras = So Nice / Por Ultima Vez =
Morris_Albert
American actor (born 1988)
also starred in the telenovela. In 2010, the movie Más Sabe el Diablo: El Primer Golpe was released, again with Canela, Gaby Espino, and Miguel Varoni. In
Jencarlos_Canela
Class of enzymes
and NADH oxidation. X-ray crystallography of the MMO shows that it is a dimer formed of three subunits, α2β2γ2. With 2.2 A resolution, the crystallography
Methane_monooxygenase
McDuffie, Denys Cowan Hardware #1 The Maxx 1993 (March) Comico Sam Kieth Primer #5 (as Max the Hare), The Maxx #1 (as The Blood Syndicate 1993 (April) DC
List_of_superhero_debuts
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