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Field of physics that studies polymers
Polymer physics is the field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving
Polymer_physics
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
rather than crystals. Polymers are studied in the fields of polymer science (which includes polymer chemistry and polymer physics), biophysics and materials
Polymer
Academic journal
Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry (1966–September 1972), ISSN 0449-296X Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics (1966–September
Journal_of_Polymer_Science
Subfield of materials science concerned with polymers
and elastomers. The field of polymer science includes researchers in multiple disciplines including chemistry, physics, and engineering. This science
Polymer_science
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
who has been called "the father of polymer chemistry", and Herman Mark, known as "the father of polymer physics". The word plastic derives from the Ancient
Plastic
Chemical reaction to form polymer chains
Cross-link Enzymatic polymerization In situ polymerization Metallocene Plasma polymerization Polymer characterization Polymer physics Reversible addition−fragmentation
Polymerization
Egyptian Scientist and professor of polymer physics
FAAS (Arabic: أشرف منصور) is an Egyptian scientist and professor of polymer physics. He is the Founder & Chairman of Board of Trustees of German University
Ashraf_Mansour
Spherical regions inside a polymer
polymer physics, spherulites (from Greek sphaira = ball and lithos = stone) are spherical semicrystalline regions inside non-branched linear polymers
Spherulite_(polymer_physics)
American theoretical chemist
was an American theoretical chemist recognized for his research in polymer physics. Freed spent his independent academic career in the department of chemistry
Karl_Freed
Japanese polymer physicist
authored the textbook Introduction to Polymer Physics. In 2001 the American Physical Society awarded Doi the Polymer Physics Prize for "pioneering contributions
Masao_Doi
American polymer researcher
internationally recognized for his research contributions to the fields of polymer physics and complex fluid rheology, especially in the development of theory
Ronald_G._Larson
Angle between two planes in space
angle, which can be between −π and π. In some scientific areas such as polymer physics, one may consider a chain of points and links between consecutive points
Dihedral_angle
Mathematical transformation used in polymer physics
a fluctuating field. The procedure is widely used in polymer physics, classical particle physics, spin glass theory, and electronic structure theory.
Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation
Hubbard–Stratonovich_transformation
Research of materials
existing solid state physics research (itself growing into condensed matter physics); pulling in relatively new polymer engineering and polymer science; recombining
Materials_science
sub-field in the study of polymers is polymer physics. As a part of soft matter studies, Polymer physics concerns itself with the study of mechanical properties
Path integrals in polymer science
Path_integrals_in_polymer_science
Thermoplastic polymer
polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.
Polypropylene
American materials scientist (born 1953)
Polymer Physics Prize from the American Physical Society “for imaginative and insightful use of theory to understand multi-component polymeric systems
Anna_Balazs
Chemistry subdiscipline
nanotechnology, both of which can be described as encompassing polymer physics and polymer engineering. The work of Henri Braconnot in 1777 and the work
Polymer_chemistry
Idealization in polymer thermodynamics
Colby, R. H. (2003)Polymer Physics, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-852059-X Doi, M.; Edwards, S. F. (1988). The Theory of Polymer Dynamics. Volume 73
Kuhn_length
Distance from center of mass to axis of rotation
–CH2– in poly(methylene). In polymer physics, the radius of gyration is used to describe the dimensions of a polymer chain. The radius of gyration of
Radius_of_gyration
British physicist
1999) was a naturalized British polymer scientist. He was Research Professor in Polymer Science, Department of Physics, University of Bristol, 1969–91
Andrew_Keller
poly(ethylene terephthalate) Used as Shape Memory Polymers. Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics, 37: 101–112 (1999). Yiping C. Ying G; Juan
Thermally induced shape-memory effect (polymers)
Thermally_induced_shape-memory_effect_(polymers)
Movement of entangled polymer chains
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes introduced (and named) the concept of reptation into polymer physics in 1971 to explain the dependence of the mobility of a macromolecule
Reptation
Concept in polymer physics
Thermodynamics,Dover Publications, New York, 1986, p 225 Rubinstein M., Colby R. H., Polymer Physics, Oxford University Press, New York, 2003, p 49 v t e
Excluded_volume
Austrian physicist (1944–2022)
Theoretical Physics at the University of Mainz, Germany. Since 1989 he was also an external member of the Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Physics in Mainz
Kurt_Binder
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
Hagen Kleinert, 2004. Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics, Statistics, Polymer Physics, and Financial Markets, 3rd ed. Singapore: World Scientific. Draft
Quantum_mechanics
Yielding mechanism in polymers
of crazes in glassy polymers: Use of reinforcing impregnants during microtomy". Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics. 7 (8): 1393–1403.
Crazing
of Soft Matter Physics at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel. He is well known for his work in soft condensed matter, polymer science and surface
Jacob_Klein_(chemist)
Terminology in molecular physics
Contour length is a term used in molecular physics. The contour length of a polymer chain (a big molecule consisting of many similar smaller molecules)
Contour_length
for "outstanding accomplishment and unusual promise in research in polymer physics". The DQI Best Thesis Award is presented by the APS Division of Quantum
List of American Physical Society prizes and awards
List_of_American_Physical_Society_prizes_and_awards
Overview of and topical guide to physics
methods of physics to study biological systems Neurophysics – branch of biophysics dealing with the nervous system. Polymer physics – field of physics that
Outline_of_physics
printing. The same physics of electrostatic fiber drawing apply to melt electrospinning. What differs are the physical properties of the polymer melt, compared
Melt_electrospinning
German chemical engineer
molecular stress function theory for polymer rheology. He is a Professor for Polymer engineering and Polymer physics[citation needed] at Technische Universität
Manfred_Wagner
Scientific field of study
the field of physics is called a physicist. Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry,
Physics
Model representing the dynamics of a long-chained polymer
In polymer physics, the finite extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) model, also called the FENE dumbbell model, represents the dynamics of a long-chained
FENE_model
Bueche, F. (1953). "Segmental Mobility of Polymers Near Their Glass Temperature". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 21 (10): 1850–1855. Bibcode:1953JChPh
Cooperative segmental mobility
Cooperative_segmental_mobility
Polymer physics
In polymer physics, Maltese Cross is a set of four symmetrically disposed sectors of high extinction that is displayed when a polymer is observed under
Maltese_cross_(optics)
editions of his book Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics. They are initially of interest to the materials physics community due to their predicted nonlinear
Olympic_gel
Framework to describe phase transitions
field theories are widely used to describe systems in polymer physics or biophysics, such as polymer films, nanostructured block copolymers or polyelectrolytes
Statistical_field_theory
Physical model defined on a lattice
In mathematical physics, a lattice model is a mathematical model of a physical system that is defined on a lattice, as opposed to a continuum, such as
Lattice_model_(physics)
Reversible transition in amorphous materials
transition (in polymer science): process in which a polymer melt changes on cooling to a polymer glass or a polymer glass changes on heating to a polymer melt.
Glass_transition
Idealised bead–spring model of polymer dynamics
Colby, Ralph H. (2003). Polymer Physics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852059-7. Graessley, William W. (2008). Polymeric Liquids and Networks:
Rouse_model
Moroccan physicist
that he was Professor and the holder of the Canada Research Chair on Polymer Physics and Nanomaterials at Laval University, Quebec-Canada, vice-President
Mosto_Bousmina
Coping with environmental changes without adapting
Tompa, Peter; Pappu, Rohit V. (2015-11-03). "Polymer physics of intracellular phase transitions". Nature Physics. 11 (11): 899–904. Bibcode:2015NatPh..11
Biostasis
Equation in polymer science
In polymer chemistry and polymer physics, the Flory–Fox equation is a simple empirical formula that relates molecular weight to the glass transition temperature
Flory–Fox_equation
Eugene M. Terentjev (born 21 June 1959) is professor of Polymer physics at the University of Cambridge, and fellow of Queens' College where he is the
Eugene_Terentjev
Polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) is the occurrence of phase separation in a multicomponent mixture induced by the polymerization of one or
Polymerization-induced phase separation
Polymerization-induced_phase_separation
Process to level concrete by levelling its underlying foundation
Concrete Leveling Foam". Sivertsen, Katrine (Spring 2007). "Polymer Foams, 3.063 Polymer Physics" (PDF). Retrieved February 14, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite
Concrete_leveling
Scott (1994). "Effects of chain topology on polymer dynamics: Bulk melts". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 101 (5): 4205–4213. Bibcode:1994JChPh.101.4205S
Bond_fluctuation_model
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to the physical sciences
degradation and polymerization of polymers and monomers respectively. History of quantum physics – history of the branch of physics dealing with physical
Outline_of_physical_science
Vector that points from one end of a polymer to the other
r^{2}\right\rangle =6\left\langle s^{2}\right\rangle } Gedde, Ulf W. (1995). Polymer Physics. Springer. p. 21. ISBN 0-412-62640-3. Freely Jointed Chain Worm-like
End-to-end_vector
Loop entropy is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance. For a single loop, the entropy varies logarithmically
Loop_entropy
Collapse of a macromolecule from an expanded coil state to a collapsed globule state
In polymer physics, the coil–globule transition is the collapse of a macromolecule from an expanded coil state through an ideal coil state to a collapsed
Coil–globule_transition
Canadian and American chemist
Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Division of Polymer Physics. University of Toronto President's Report for the year ended June 1957
Sarah_E._Petrie
Russian physicist
a founder of the new discipline of DNA physics. Lazurkin started his career in a novel field polymer physics. During World War II, he was in the Navy
Yuri_Lazurkin
transition Excluded volume Rubinstein, Michael; Colby, R. (2003). Polymer physics. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-19-852059-7
Pervaded_volume
Nobel-laureate physicist
STRASACOL (a joint action of Strasbourg, Saclay and Collège de France) on polymer physics. From 1980 on, he became interested in interfacial problems: the dynamics
Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes
Process forming a path from many random steps
Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. Van Kampen N. G. (1992) Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry, revised
Random_walk
Property of colloids and macromolecukes
subparticles. This is done most commonly for polymers; the subparticles would then be the units of the polymer. For polymers in solution, R h y d {\displaystyle
Hydrodynamic_radius
German physicist
physicist and polymer scientist whose research involves the theory of complex fluids and polymer emulsions. She is a professor of theoretical physics at the
Friederike_Schmid
Type of toy made from superabsorbent polymers
grow-in-water toys or grow monsters) are novelty items made from a superabsorbent polymer. They are toys that expand after putting them into water for anything from
Expandable_water_toy
attempts to describe the crystallization of a polymer in terms of the kinetics and thermodynamics of polymer surface nucleation. The theory introduces a
Hoffman_nucleation_theory
reduced to physics, as evidence for the unity of science. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Nobel laureate in Physics for his works on polymer physics and soft matter
Relationship between chemistry and physics
Relationship_between_chemistry_and_physics
American biophysicist
Society in 1959. In 1977, Krimm received the American Physical Society's Polymer Physics Prize "For his outstanding experimental studies and theoretical developments
Samuel_Krimm
Polymers that break down by bacterial decomposition
Biodegradable polymers are polymers that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms. Whereas most polymers are designed for longevity, biodegradable
Biodegradable_polymer
Italian condensed matter physicist
Raffaele Mezzenga is an Italian soft matter scientist specializing in polymer physics, liquid crystals, protein aggregation and nanotechnology. He is a Full
Raffaele_Mezzenga
Property of complex fluids
Lombardi, L.; Tammaro, D. (2021). "Effect of polymer swell in extrusion foaming of low-density polyethylene". Physics of Fluids. 33 (3): 033104. Bibcode:2021PhFl
Die_swell
Learned society promoting polymer science
promote polymer chemistry, physics, and material science in French industry and institutes of higher learning. The GFP was created in 1970 by the polymer physicist
French Group for the Study of Polymers and their Application
French_Group_for_the_Study_of_Polymers_and_their_Application
Swelling property of certain polymers
Schroeder's paradox refers to the phenomenon of certain polymers exhibiting more solvent uptake (observed as swelling) when exposed to a pure liquid versus
Schroeder's_paradox
This test is routine when assessing the quality of organic materials or polymers, such as polyethylene pipes. "Oxidative-Induction Time (OIT) and Oxidative-Onset
Oxidative-induction_time
German physicist and university teacher
Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz in 1995 (1998–2000 and 2008–2010 he was managing director). His main research targets are theoretical physics and physical
Kurt_Kremer
American chemist (1910–1985)
computing the probable size of a polymer in good solution, the Flory-Huggins Solution Theory, the extension of polymer physics concepts to the field of liquid
Paul_Flory
Ease of flow of polymer melt
of the ease of flow of the melt of a thermoplastic polymer. It is defined as the mass of polymer, in grams, flowing in ten minutes through a capillary
Melt_flow_index
Swedish physicist
University. His research interests are in polymer optoelectronics and bioelectronics, conjugated polymer physics and polymer electrochemistry. Member of the Royal
Olle_Inganäs
Homogeneous mixture containing dissolved polymers
Polymer solutions are solutions containing dissolved polymers. These may exist as liquid solutions (e.g. in aqueous solution), or as solid solutions (e
Polymer_solution
Simple model of a polymer
The worm-like chain (WLC) model in polymer physics is used to describe the behavior of polymers that are semi-flexible: fairly stiff with successive segments
Worm-like_chain
model that describes helix-coil transitions of macromolecules, usually polymer chains. Most models provide a reasonable approximation of the fractional
Zimm–Bragg_model
State of matter
natural organic polymers for centuries in the form of waxes and shellac, which is classified as a thermoplastic polymer. A plant polymer named cellulose
Solid
Solid state physics
It is defined as the length of the rod divided by the rod diameter. In physics, the axial ratio describes electromagnetic radiation with elliptical, or
Axial_ratio
Solvent property in polymer science
In a polymer solution, a theta solvent (or θ solvent) is a solvent in which polymer coils act like ideal chains, assuming exactly their random walk coil
Theta_solvent
Iranian-Canadian materials scientist
on glass transition, nonlinear optics, nanoparticle plasmonics, and polymer physics. She studies the impact of nanoconfinement on the structure of materials
Zahra_Fakhraai
Theoretical physicist
physics ranging from theory of relativity to studies of polymers and their flow. Her scientific work includes contributions to behaviour of polymers and
Rachel_Takserman-Krozer
Material combining aluminum with a polymer
properties of polypropylene/aluminum composites". Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. 42 (4): 722–732. Bibcode:2004JPoSB..42..722B. doi:10.1002/polb
Aluminum_polymer_composite
Chinese physical chemist (1927–2021)
我国高分子物理学科开拓者之一程镕时院士逝世 [Academician Cheng Rongshi, one of the pioneers of polymer physics in China, is dead]. sciencenet.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 8 February
Cheng_Rongshi
Concept in polymer physics
time–temperature superposition principle is a concept in polymer physics and in the physics of glass-forming liquids. This superposition principle is
Time–temperature superposition
Time–temperature_superposition
Mechanical property that characterizes a polymer
bending stiffness of a polymer. The molecule behaves like a flexible elastic rod/beam (beam theory). Informally, for pieces of the polymer that are shorter
Persistence_length
Canadian-American physicist
physicist and polymer scientist whose research concerns the glass transition and aging in polymer films. She is a professor of physics at Emory University
Connie_Roth
In physics, the gyration tensor is a tensor that describes the second moments of position of a collection of particles S m n = d e f 1 N ∑ i = 1 N
Gyration_tensor
Equation in polymer science
In polymer science Flory–Rehner equation is an equation that describes the mixing of polymer and liquid molecules as predicted by the equilibrium swelling
Flory–Rehner_equation
Professor of Chemistry
Teaching Fellowship 2008 Institute of Physics Polymer Physics Group and American Physical Society Division of Polymer Physics Young Researchers Award 2008 Royal
Aline_Miller
Great Hungarian-American physicist
who made contributions to polymer physics and to nuclear and solid state physics. He was awarded a Ph.D. in theoretical physics by the University of Vienna
Eugene_Guth
Austrian physicist (1902 – 1995)
using the oscillating u-tube principle. The worm-like chain model in polymer physics, introduced with Günther Porod in a 1949 paper, is also named the Kratky–Porod
Otto_Kratky
Technique in physical chemistry
light to obtain the average molecular weight Mw of a macromolecule like a polymer or a protein in solution. Measurement of the scattering intensity at many
Static_light_scattering
German theoretical physicist (1941–2025)
mathematical physics and the physics of elementary particles, nuclei, solid state systems, liquid crystals, biomembranes, microemulsions, polymers, and the
Hagen_Kleinert
Non-SI unit of gas permeability
(1968-11-01). "The "barrer" permeability unit". Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics. 6 (11): 1933–1934. Bibcode:1968JPoSB...6.1933S. doi:10
Barrer
Plastic polymer/filler blend
thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), or olefinic thermoplastic elastomers refer to polymer/filler blends usually consisting of some fraction of a thermoplastic, an
Thermoplastic_olefin
Highly viscous liquid exhibiting a kind of semi-solid behavior
Ralph H. (2003). Polymer physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852059-X. OCLC 50339757. Doi, M. (2013). Soft matter physics. Oxford: Oxford
Gel
In polymer science, the Lifson–Roig model is a helix-coil transition model applied to the alpha helix-random coil transition of polypeptides; it is a
Lifson–Roig_model
Molecular model for describing polymers
location. Although it is simple, its generality gives insight about the physics of polymers. In this model, monomers are rigid rods of a fixed length l, and
Ideal_chain
Spectroscopy, Mischa Bonn Physics of Interfaces, Hans-Jürgen Butt Biomolecular Mechanics, Frauke Gräter Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Katharina Landfester
Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Polymer_Research
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
Boy/Male
English American Latin
Pilgrim; bearing a palm branch.
Surname or Lastname
English (Kent)
English (Kent) : variant spelling of Colmer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a whitewasher, Middle English limer, lymer, an agent derivative of Old English līm ‘lime’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Holmer in Buckinghamshire and Herefordshire, both named with Old English hol ‘hollow’ + mere ‘pool’.English : topographic name for someone who lived either on a piece of slightly raised land lying in a fen or partly surrounded by streams or where holly grew, from a derivative of Middle English holm (see Holm 1 and 2).Swedish, Danish, and North German (Schleswig-Holstein) : topographic name for someone who lived on an island (see Holm).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Collier.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from Latin palma, PALMER means "palm tree." Before it was a surname, Palmer was an old byname for "a pilgrim," someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually been there.
Boy/Male
British, English
One who Holds a Palm
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese, Latin
Palm Tree
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English, Latin
Bearing a Palm Branch; Palm-bearer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bulmer.Dutch : probably from the Germanic personal name Baldemar, composed of the elements bald ‘bold’ + mar ‘famous’.
Boy/Male
English
Charcoal merchant.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in feathers, from Middle English, Old French plume ‘feather’ (Latin pluma).English and North German : variant of Plum.Catalan (Plumé) : variant of plomer, occupational name for a worker in lead, from a derivative of plom ‘lead’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Peiser.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for someone who was handy with his fists, from Old French poigneor ‘fighter’ (Latin pugnator, from pugnare ‘to fight’, a derivative of pugnus ‘fist’).Welsh : Anglicized form of Welsh ab Ynyr ‘son of Ynyr’, a personal name from Latin Honorius.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Charcoal Merchant; Coal Seller
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Poyner.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English, Old French palmer, paumer (from palme, paume ‘palm tree’, Latin palma), a nickname for someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Such pilgrims generally brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually made the journey, but there was a vigorous trade in false souvenirs, and the term also came to be applied to a cleric who sold indulgences.Swedish (Palmér) : ornamental name formed with palm ‘palm tree’ + the suffix -ér, from Latin -erius ‘descendant of’.Irish : when not truly of English origin (see 1 above), a surname adopted by bearers of Gaelic Ó Maolfhoghmhair (see Milford) perhaps because they were from an ecclesiastical family.German : topographic name for someone living among pussy willows (see Palm 2).German : from the personal name Palm (see Palm 3).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name for someone from Colmore in Hampshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Colemere, from Old English cÅl ‘cool’ + mere ‘pool’, ‘pond’.Altered spelling of German Kollmer, an Alsatian habitational name for someone from Colmar (formerly written Kolmar), or of Gollmer, a habitational name for someone from any of various places named Golm or Golme.
Surname or Lastname
North German (Plümer) and English
North German (Plümer) and English : variant of Plum, the suffix -er denoting habitation or occupation.Altered form of South German Pflümer, an occupational name for a grower or seller of plums, from an agent derivative of Middle High German pflūme ‘plum’.English : variant of Plummer 1.English and Dutch : occupational name for a dealer in feathers and quills, from an agent derivative of Middle English plume, Middle Dutch pluim ‘feather’, ‘plume’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Clement.George Clymer (1739–1813), a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution, was a prosperous and well-connected Philadelphia merchant. His grandfather, Richard Clymer, came to Philadelphia in 1705 from Bristol, England.
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
a.
Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.
v. t.
One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.
n.
One who poles.
n.
An extortioner. See Poller.
n.
A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of high embankments.
n.
The act or process of forming polymers.
n.
See Polyp.
n.
A polymeric form of terpene, resembling terbene.
a.
Polymeric.
n.
Short for Palmer fly, an artificial fly made to imitate a hairy caterpillar; a hackle.
n.
A palmerworm.
n.
One who, or that which, plies
n.
A polypidom.
n.
A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross.
n.
A lurcher.
n.
One who polls; specifically: (a) One who polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Baex. (d) One who registplws votplws, or one who enters his name as a voter.
n.
See Pliers.
n.
A pulley.
n.
A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places.
n.
Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.