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Uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate
Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a
Oceanic_crust
Layer of rock that forms the continents and continental shelves
oceanic crust. Because continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust, when active margins of the two meet in subduction zones, the oceanic crust
Continental_crust
Earth's outer shell of rock
secondary and tertiary crust, which correspond to oceanic and continental crust, respectively. Secondary crust forms at mid-ocean spreading centers, where
Earth's_crust
Geologic basin under the sea
between an oceanic and an oceanic crust, creating a so-called oceanic trench. It can also take place between an oceanic and a continental crust, forming
Oceanic_basin
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
oceanic crust and continental crust is based on their modes of formation. Oceanic crust is formed at sea-floor spreading centers. Continental crust is
Plate_tectonics
Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies
terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two types have different chemical
Crust_(geology)
Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
under a plate carrying an igneous oceanic plateau, the volcanism which erupts on the plateau as the oceanic crust heats up on its descent into the mantle
Oceanic_plateau
Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
low-density mantle supporting the oceanic crust. As the oceanic plate cools, away from the ridge axis, the oceanic mantle lithosphere (the colder, denser
Mid-ocean_ridge
Geological process at mid-ocean ridges
spreading, or seafloor spread, is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves
Seafloor_spreading
Part of the Indian Shield in south India
melting of subducted oceanic crust and the melting of thickened oceanic arc crust. The continuous melting of oceanic arc crust and mantle upwelling generated
Dharwar_Craton
Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere
Convergent_boundary
Biological process
researchers reported their discovery of bacteria living in the rock of the oceanic crust below the thick layers of sediment, and apart from the hydrothermal
Chemosynthesis
Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
lithosphere can be divided into oceanic and continental lithosphere. Oceanic lithosphere is associated with oceanic crust (having a mean density of about
Lithosphere
Uplifted and exposed oceanic crust
of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks. The Greek
Ophiolite
Rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust. Igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 90–95% of the top 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of the Earth's crust by volume. Igneous
Igneous_rock
The lower oceanic crust is the lower part of the oceanic crust and represents the major part of it (the largest part by volume). It is generally located
Lower_oceanic_crust
two principal types of material: oceanic crust (also called sima from silicon and magnesium) and continental crust (sial from silicon and aluminium)
List_of_tectonic_plates
Consolidation of the Earth's crust
of Earth which contains both oceanic and continental plates. This unique property reflects the complex series of crustal processes that have taken place
Earth's_crustal_evolution
Flat area on the deep ocean floor
oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle), and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean
Abyssal_plain
Transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin
between the continental and oceanic crust is a broad transition known as transitional crust. The subsided continental crust is marked by normal faults
Passive_margin
Metamorphic or igneous rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover
subduction. Oceanic crust can be subducted, while continental crust cannot. Eventually, the subduction of the underthrusting oceanic crust can bring the
Basement_(geology)
Interior of the earth
crust (an outer layer chiefly of silicate minerals—more specifically, dense basaltic oceanic crust and slightly less dense granitic continental crust)
Internal_structure_of_Earth
Tectonic plate underlying Africa
continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia
African_plate
Formation of mountains from converging tectonic plates
bits of continental crust), separated across a tract of ocean (and oceanic crust), approach each other, while the oceanic crust is slowly consumed at
Continental_collision
Subduction characterized by a low subduction angle
arise through the subduction of zone thicker oceanic lithosphere without deeply penetrating faults. Oceanic crust is normally faulted at the trench rise by
Flat_slab_subduction
Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries
adjacent plate. When oceanic and continental plates converge, normally the denser oceanic crust sinks under the continental crust in the process of subduction
Obduction
Slab of oceanic crust
segments of oceanic crust, made of volcanic rocks and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's upper mantle that was overthrust onto the continental crust. This ophiolite
Samail_Ophiolite
Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate
subducting oceanic tectonic plate, with the belt arranged in an arc shape as seen from above. Volcanic arcs typically parallel an oceanic trench, with
Volcanic_arc
Large geographical region identified by convention
to the ocean floor; a wide range of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks rich in silica; a crust thicker than the surrounding oceanic crust; and well-defined
Continent
Surface magma that becomes igneous rock
and its immediate aftermath. The subduction of oceanic crust, whether beneath oceanic or continental crust, is associated in almost all cases with partial
Magmatism
Volcanic rock intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite
magma is formed by the subduction of young oceanic crust under a thick felsic continental plate. Oceanic crust is hydrothermally altered causing addition
Dacite
Layer of silicate rock
the mantle at mid-ocean ridges produces oceanic crust, and partial melting of the mantle at subduction zones produces continental crust. Earth's upper mantle
Earth's_mantle
Type of volcanic arc occurring along a continental margin
denser oceanic crust will be subducted under relatively lighter continental crust. Because of the subduction process, the relatively cooler oceanic crust, along
Continental_arc
Limits of Earth's oceanic waters
Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water. Though generally described as several separate oceans, the world's oceanic waters constitute
Borders_of_the_oceans
Accumulation of igneous rocks
the source of the current large eastern Pacific oceanic plateau, of which the Caribbean-Colombian oceanic plateau is the tectonized remnant. The deeper
Caribbean large igneous province
Caribbean_large_igneous_province
Life in the deep subsurface of the Earth
organic-poor sediments it can be found at greater depths, even to the oceanic crust. Nitrate can be produced by degradation of organic matter or nitrogen
Deep_biosphere
Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments
sedimentary basins formed on oceanic crust are likely to be destroyed by subduction. Continental margins formed when new ocean basins like the Atlantic are
Sedimentary_basin
Third planet from the Sun
of the ocean shelf seas. The oceanic crust forms large oceanic basins with features like abyssal plains, seamounts, submarine volcanoes, oceanic trenches
Earth
Oceanic rift between the African and Arabian plates
basin is underlain by oceanic crust, while another theory claims that the main trough is underlain only in part by oceanic crust. A third theory suggests
Red_Sea_Rift
Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries
sediments for microorganisms. Subduction zones drag down subducted oceanic sediments, oceanic crust, and mantle lithosphere that interact with the hot asthenospheric
Subduction
Arc-shaped volcanic archipelago
convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have resulted from the descent of the lithosphere into the mantle
Island_arc
Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area
tectonic plate is pushed underneath another) of oceanic crust beneath either the oceanic crust or continental crust. A basin formed by an ice sheet: an area
Depression_(geology)
Marine research program (2003–2013)
collaboration among the Earth sciences. Scientific ocean drilling began in 1961 with the first sample of oceanic crust recovered aboard the CUSS 1, a modified U
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Integrated_Ocean_Drilling_Program
Series of parallel dykes characteristic of oceanic crust
sub-parallel intrusions of igneous rock, forming a layer within the oceanic crust. At mid-ocean ridges, dykes are formed when magma beneath areas of tectonic
Sheeted_dyke_complex
Concept in plate tectonics
allowed the rates of plate motions at mid-ocean ridges to be computed. It states that the Earth's oceanic crust acts as a recorder of reversals in the geomagnetic
Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
Vine–Matthews–Morley_hypothesis
Lava formed due to subaqueous extrusion
ophiolite sequence (when a segment of oceanic crust is thrust over the continental crust, thus exposing the oceanic segment above sea level). The presence
Pillow_lava
Boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle
seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić, the Moho separates both the oceanic crust and continental crust from the underlying mantle. The Mohorovičić discontinuity
Mohorovičić_discontinuity
Period of mountain building in North America
sliding under the North American Plate. Most hypotheses propose that oceanic crust was undergoing flat-slab subduction, that is, subduction at a shallow
Laramide_orogeny
Sea level variations over geological time scales
commenced at some point in the Proterozoic, and oceanic crust became older and deeper, creating oceans such as we have currently. During the Phanerozoic
Past_sea_level
Seabed geologic feature that forms a long ridge perpendicular to a mid-ocean ridge
areas of continental crustal extension or stretching. The first oceanic core complexes described were identified in the Atlantic Ocean. Since then numerous
Oceanic_core_complex
Zone of the ocean floor
A continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters. The continental margin consists of three different
Continental_margin
Movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
create new oceanic crust. The new crust is magnetized by the Earth's magnetic field, which undergoes occasional reversals. Formation of new crust then displaces
Continental_drift
Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
to have been an ocean. Plate tectonics provided an explanation for the mechanism by which the former ocean disappeared: oceanic crust can subduct under
Tethys_Ocean
Convergence boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate
island arc loading caused the oceanic crust to create downward faulting. In other words, the trench was a part of oceanic crust once, but faulted down at
Aleutian_subduction_zone
Metamorphic rock formed under high pressure
longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as subducted, altered oceanic crust. The name eclogite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for 'choice'
Eclogite
Plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
fault that also forms a plate boundary. Most such faults are found in oceanic crust, where they accommodate the lateral offset between segments of divergent
Transform_fault
Tectonic plate in Central America and the Caribbean
pushed westward, separated for a time by oceanic crust. The Pacific Ocean floor subducted under this oceanic crust between the continents. The CLIP drifted
Caribbean_plate
Convergent boundary in Micronesia
intra-oceanic convergent margin (IOCM). IOCMs are built on oceanic crust and contrast fundamentally with island arcs built on continental crust, such
Izu–Bonin–Mariana_arc
Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean
Piemont-Liguria Ocean (sometimes only one of the two names is used, for example: Piemonte Ocean) was a former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part
Piemont-Liguria_Ocean
Geological process by which material is added to a tectonic plate at a subduction zone
landmasses. The added material may be sediment, volcanic arcs, seamounts, oceanic crust or other igneous features. Accretion involves the addition of material
Accretion_(geology)
Changes of rock due to pressure and heat near a subduction zone
Earth's crust where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate; oceanic crust gets recycled back into the mantle and continental crust gets produced
Subduction_zone_metamorphism
Series of sub-alkaline magmas
constituting the oceanic crust is termed MORB: mid-ocean-ridge basalt. Throughout the process of igneous differentiation, the oceanic crust acts to reduce
Tholeiitic_magma_series
Geological feature in the Philippines
(also called Zambales Ophiolite) is a large, well-preserved exposure of oceanic crust located in the western portion of Luzon Island, Philippines. It is considered
Zambales_Ophiolite_Complex
Study of Earth's magnetic field in past
Nonetheless, the record has been preserved well enough in basalts of oceanic crust to have been critical in the development of theories of sea floor spreading
Paleomagnetism
Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
found primarily in oceanic crust, while felsic rocks tend to be light in color, less dense, and found primarily in continental crust. The term mafic is
Mafic
Tectonic recycling process
signature in mantle-derived rocks (such as mid-ocean ridge basalts or kimberlites) is proof of crustal recycling. Between 1906 and 1936 seismological
Crustal_recycling
south-dipping post-Variscan extensional faults. The formation of the oceanic crust found at the Lizard, its obduction and final emplacement are thought
Lizard_complex
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
biological conditions. Horizontally the ocean covers the oceanic crust, which it shapes. Where the ocean meets dry land it covers relatively shallow continental
Ocean
Type of metavolcanic rock
assertion is arguably wrong because the earliest oceanic crust would have contained more magnesium than today's crust and, therefore, would have formed greenschist-like
Blueschist
Piece of subcontinental land surrounded by water
from a continent by plate tectonics, and oceanic islands, which have never been part of a continent. Oceanic islands can be formed from volcanic activity
Island
Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
the sea floor to plateaus and mountain ranges in continental crust or in oceanic crust. They are often associated with a number of adjoining subsidiary
Rift_valley
Volcanic rock type
young oceanic crust (less than 25 million years old) is subducted, adakites are typically produced in the arc. They postulated that when young oceanic crust
Adakite
Ocean on the margin of Gondwana between the Middle Cambrian and Late Triassic
the oceanic crust of the Paleo-Tethys subducted under the Cimmerian plate, closing the ocean from west to east. A last remnant of Paleo-Tethys Ocean might
Paleo-Tethys_Ocean
Circulation of water driven by heat exchange
John; Rothery, David A. (1998), "Hydrothermal circulation in oceanic crust", The Ocean Basins: Their Structure and Evolution, Elsevier, pp. 96–123, doi:10
Hydrothermal_circulation
Formation of an ocean after continental rifting
"the mysterious metasomatism or transformation of continental crust into oceanic crust". Abbate, Ernesto. Oceanisation processes and sedimentary evolution
Oceanisation
Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
of the surrounding oceanic floor, but can be thousands of kilometers in length. There are about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) of oceanic trenches worldwide,
Oceanic_trench
Form of transitional crust
transitional crust, welding ruptured continent to nascent ocean floor. Volcanic beds cover the transition from thinned continental crust to oceanic crust. Also
Volcanic_passive_margin
Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
an oceanic crust plate is drawn under a continental crust plate (continental arc volcanism, e.g. Cascade Range, Andes, Campania) or another oceanic crust
Stratovolcano
crust and oceanic crust on a passive margin or the zone of transition between these two crustal types. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries
Continent-ocean_boundary
plate motion. Back-arcs can form on either oceanic crust or continental crust. In the case of oceanic crust, most back-arc regions are subjected to tensional
Back-arc_region
Lateral-moving transform fault south of New Zealand
Zealand is continental crust and the northern parts of the complex are associated with oceanic crust subducting under the continental crust of Zealandia. This
Macquarie_fault_zone
Coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock
rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated
Gabbro
Partitioning of elements in a mineral
to characterize the composition of oceanic crust. By having a way to measure the composition of elements in the crust and mantle given a mineral sample
Compatibility_(geochemistry)
Type of volcanic rock
suggest that the subducting oceanic crust may also melt during this process, the relative contribution of the three components (crust, sediment, and wedge)
Andesite
Large tectonic plate including most of North America, Greenland and part of Siberia
Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive
North_American_plate
Marine geologist (born 1958)
Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Deep-Seated Circulation of Brines in the Oceanic Crust and was completed under the supervision of Paul Robinson. Kelley did
Deborah_Kelley
Major tectonic plate
the oceanic crust of the North American plate. At the Chile triple junction, near the west coast of the Taitao–Tres Montes Peninsula, an oceanic ridge
South_American_plate
Subantarctic island of Australia
N-MORB to E-MORB Magmatism". Ophiolites and Oceanic Crust: New Insights from Field Studies and the Ocean Drilling Program. Geological Society of America
Macquarie_Island
metamorphic core complexes, which are found on both continental and oceanic crust. The term "tilted block faulting" is a literal description of rotational
Tilted_block_faulting
East Atlantic Portuguese island
000 ft) from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The volcano formed atop an east–west rift in the oceanic crust along the African Plate, beginning during
Madeira_Island
Origins and structure of the Himalayan Mountain range
6000 km, with the oceanic-oceanic subduction continuing until the final closure of the oceanic basin and the obduction of oceanic ophiolite onto India
Geology_of_the_Himalayas
Mountain in the Swiss and Italian Alps
Apulian plate (with the Piemont-Liguria Ocean first and Valais Ocean later). The subduction of the oceanic crust left traces still visible today at the
Matterhorn
Island region in North Atlantic and Caribbean
(201.3-145 million years ago, Ma), as well as island arc deposits and oceanic crust from the Cretaceous (145–66 Ma). The Greater Antilles originated near
West_Indies
Deepest oceanic trench on Earth
The Mariana Trench is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean, about 200 kilometers (124 mi) east of the Mariana Islands
Mariana_Trench
Type of plate tectonic process
developed on the same oceanic plate. In conventional plate tectonics theory, an oceanic plate subducts under another plate and new oceanic crust is generated somewhere
Divergent_double_subduction
Planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the down-going slab
seismologists to map the three-dimensional surface of a subducting slab of oceanic crust and mantle. In 1949, Hugo Benioff introduced a method for determining
Wadati–Benioff_zone
Oceanic trench along the southeastern edge of Japan's Ryukyu Islands in the Pacific Ocean
476 ft). The trench is the result of oceanic crust of the Philippine Plate obliquely subducting beneath the continental crust of the Eurasian plate at a rate
Ryukyu_Trench
Rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals
lowest layer of the crust. Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the 'oceanic crust'. The name 'sima' was taken from the
Sima_(geology)
Zone affected by mountain formation
orogeny. The orogeny may culminate with continental crust from the opposite side of the subducting oceanic plate arriving at the subduction zone. This ends
Orogenic_belt
features in the geology of oceanic basins. Globally most fault zones are located on divergent plate boundaries on oceanic crust. This means that they are
List_of_fracture_zones
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