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See searches and references containing CHEMOSYNTHESIS!CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Biological process
hypothesized that anaerobic chemosynthesis may support life below the surface of Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa, and other planets. Chemosynthesis may have also been
Chemosynthesis
Giant tube worm (species of annelid)
sulfur-oxidising chemotrophs that utilise sulfides in their chemosynthesis. This form of chemosynthesis is referred to as thioautotrophy.[better source needed]
Riftia
Lowest layer in the ocean
between the tube worm Riftia and chemosynthetic bacteria. It is this chemosynthesis that supports the complex communities that can be found around hydrothermal
Deep_sea
Cave in Constanța County, Romania
outside for the past 5.5 million years and it is based completely on chemosynthesis. Due to its extreme environment, access to Movile Cave is strictly controlled
Movile_Cave
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
nutrients for deep sea communities are marine snow, whale falls, and chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Prior to the 19th century scientists
Deep-sea_community
Process in molecular nanotechnology
In molecular nanotechnology, chemosynthesis is any chemical synthesis where reactions occur due to random thermal motion, a class which encompasses almost
Chemosynthesis (nanotechnology)
Chemosynthesis_(nanotechnology)
Biological process
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogen sulfide. It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities. Due to
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis
Hydrogen_sulfide_chemosynthesis
Synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide by biological organisms
which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds
Primary_production
Biological kingdom
seeps on the dark sea floor consume organic matter produced through chemosynthesis (via oxidising inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide) by archaea
Animal
Fungus capable of radiosynthesis
it is not known if multi-step processes such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are used in radiosynthesis.[citation needed] Many fungi have been isolated
Radiotrophic_fungus
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Metabolism
Aspect of ecosystems
life, chemotrophs, that appear to gain all their metabolic energy from chemosynthesis driven by hydrothermal vents, thus showing that some life may not require
Food_chain
Ukrainian and Russian microbiologist (1856–1953)
fixing atmospheric nitrogen and not living in legume root nodules. Chemosynthesis – his most noted discovery The Winogradsky column Winogradsky is best
Sergei_Winogradsky
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
through photosynthesis, but some organisms use chemosynthesis in the absence of sunlight. Chemosynthesis is carbon fixation driven by chemical energy rather
Biological_carbon_fixation
Introduced species that harms its new environment
theory of ecology Productivity Resource Restoration Producers Autotrophs Chemosynthesis Chemotrophs Foundation species Kinetotrophs Mixotrophs Myco-heterotrophy
Invasive_species
Organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments
archaea. Chemoautotrophs are autotrophic organisms that can rely on chemosynthesis, i.e. deriving biological energy from chemical reactions of environmental
Chemotroph
American microbiologist
chemoautotrophic bacteria were able to play this role through their use of chemosynthesis, the biological oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen sulfide)
Colleen_Cavanaugh
Group of organisms
the latter remained the source of electrons for the cells. Autotroph Chemosynthesis Chemotroph Heterotroph Lithotroph Metabolism Mixotroph Organotroph Phototroph
Primary_nutritional_groups
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
photosynthesis Calvin-Benson cycle Carbon fixation Cellular respiration Chemosynthesis Daily light integral Hill reaction Integrated fluorometer Light-dependent
Photosynthesis
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Enzyme
Natural processes of carbon exchange
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Carbon_cycle
Life in the deep subsurface of the Earth
sediments. Only a small fraction is produced in the deep seas with chemosynthesis. When organic carbon sinks from the surface of the ocean to the seafloor
Deep_biosphere
Scientist specialized in biochemistry
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Biochemist
Unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
highly distinct types. For example, prokaryotes may obtain energy by chemosynthesis. Prokaryotes live nearly everywhere on Earth, including in environments
Prokaryote
Species of insect
cave, a cave in Romania known for its unique ecosystem supported by chemosynthesis, and with little oxygen. It is often considered a top predator within
Nepa_anophthalma
Type of heterotrophic nutrition
and organic building blocks are obtained through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, and with saprozoic nutrition, in which digestive enzymes are released
Holozoic_nutrition
Poisonous and flammable gas
of the absence of sunlight at these depths, these ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Freshwater springs rich in hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen_sulfide
Organism using inorganic substrate to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis
called chemosynthesis, much as plants do in photosynthesis. Plants use energy from sunlight to drive carbon dioxide fixation, but chemosynthesis can take
Lithotroph
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
plankton ecosystems are driven by the input of solar energy (but see chemosynthesis), confining nearly all primary production to surface waters, and to
Plankton
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Biochemistry
Topics referred to by the same term
molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst Chemosynthesis, the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane
Synthesis
surface. The Wild Kratts team learns all about the amazing process of chemosynthesis and how deep sea creatures transform toxic chemicals into energy. With
List_of_Wild_Kratts_episodes
Overview of and topical guide to biochemistry
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – NADH – pyruvate – oxalate – citrate Chemosynthesis Regulation hormones : auxin signal transduction – growth factor – transcription
Outline_of_biochemistry
Type of environment in which an organism lives
organisms in their immediate vicinity. The basis for this teeming life is chemosynthesis, a process by which microbes convert such substances as hydrogen sulfide
Habitat
Genus of gastropods
and California, respectively. Parvaplustrum cadieni had been found in chemosynthesis-based deep-sea ecosystems which showed that this community is highly
Parvaplustrum
Species of crustacean
by the hydrothermal vents where it lives. This process is known as chemosynthesis. Lipid and isotope analyses provide evidence that epibiotic bacteria
Kiwa_hirsuta
Organisms capable of living in extreme environments
after discovering the two genes previously linked to their "atmospheric chemosynthesis" in soil of two other similar cold desert sites, which provides further
Extremophile
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
process known as chemosynthesis. Some bacteria and archaea use hydrogen sulfide in place of water as the electron donor in chemosynthesis, a process similar
Sulfur
Solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Kerogen
Study of organisms and their environment
food (production is greater than respiration) by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Heterotrophs are organisms that must feed on others for nourishment
Ecology
Science concerned with life in the universe
chemolithoautotrophy based on the radioactive decay of uranium. This chemosynthesis revolutionized the study of biology and astrobiology by revealing that
Astrobiology
Loss of structure in proteins and nucleic acids due to external stress
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Denaturation_(biochemistry)
Crewed deep-ocean research submersible
revealed deep-sea ecosystems that exist without sunlight and are based on chemosynthesis. Alvin was involved in the exploration of the wreckage of RMS Titanic
DSV_Alvin
Bottom of the ocean
benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores. Some microorganisms use chemosynthesis to produce biomass. Benthic organisms can be divided into two categories
Seabed
Deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches
Kojima, S; Tamaki, K; Maki, Y; Hunt, J; Okutani, T (1999). "The deepest chemosynthesis-based community yet discovered from the hadal zone, 7326 m deep, in
Hadal_zone
Cave near Ramla, Israel
chain that developed inside is solely based on bacteria capable of chemosynthesis: the bacteria are consuming the inorganic matter available in the groundwater
Ayalon_Cave
Planet with an icy surface
photosynthesis. Microorganisms can produce nutrients using specific chemicals (chemosynthesis) that may provide food and energy for other organisms. Some planets
Ice_planet
Organism which feeds on electricity
compared to photosynthesis (plants converting light into sugar) and chemosynthesis (bacteria converting chemical energy into food). Takumi, Ishii; Satoshi
Electrolithoautotroph
Microbial mat often found in caves
Acidimicrobiaceae family (>5%). The bacteria derive their energy from chemosynthesis of volcanic sulfur compounds including H2S and warm-water solution dripping
Snottite
Position of an organism in a food chain
sunlight. Here primary producers manufacture food through a process called chemosynthesis. Consumers (heterotrophs) are species that cannot manufacture their
Trophic_level
Flat area on the deep ocean floor
typically form the base of the food chain. Although the process of chemosynthesis is entirely microbial, these chemosynthetic microorganisms often support
Abyssal_plain
Undersea unicellular organisms
the absence of sunlight at these ocean depths, energy is provided by chemosynthesis where symbiotic bacteria and archaea form the bottom of the food chain
Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
Hydrothermal_vent_microbial_communities
Storing carbon in a carbon pool
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Carbon_sequestration
Severe glaciation during the Paleoproterozoic era
Before the Huronian Ice Age, most organisms were anaerobic, relying on chemosynthesis and retinal-based anoxygenic photosynthesis for production of biological
Huronian_glaciation
Fissure in a planet's surface from which heated water emits
known organisms, to produce organic material through the process of chemosynthesis. The vents' impact on the living environment goes beyond the organisms
Hydrothermal_vent
Species of annelid worm
ago. The species then diverged to occupy different habitats including chemosynthesis-based habitats across the five oceans. The Polynoidae family has been
Eulagisca_gigantea
Photosynthetic process in some plants
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
C4_carbon_fixation
Ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water
benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores. Some microorganisms use chemosynthesis to produce biomass. Benthic organisms can be divided into two categories
Benthic_zone
Removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide through human activity
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Carbon_dioxide_removal
Biochemical process involving the production of fats
N-linked O-linked Nonhuman Photosynthesis Anoxygenic photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Carbon fixation DeLey-Doudoroff pathway Entner-Doudoroff pathway Radiosynthesis
Lipogenesis
Sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Dissolved_inorganic_carbon
Anion of sulfur with 4 oxygen atoms
oxidation of organic compounds or hydrogen as an energy source for chemosynthesis. Various forms of calcium sulphate have been used as building materials
Sulfate
Retired US Navy officer and professor of oceanography (born 1942)
surrounded by communities of living organisms with energy derived by chemosynthesis. Ballard was a participating diver. While the discovery was of immense
Robert_Ballard
natural capital and sustainable infrastructural capital depend, with the chemosynthesis of extracting and using fossil fuels. Paul Hawken is a more recent advocate
Current_solar_income
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Index of biochemistry articles
Index_of_biochemistry_articles
Whale carcass falling to the ocean floor
Yoshihiro; Sumida, Paulo Y. G. (28 May 2018). "Trophic structure and chemosynthesis contributions to heterotrophic fauna inhabiting an abyssal whale carcass"
Whale_fall
Solid carbon stored in global soils
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Soil_carbon
Animal species adapted to live in an underground environment
transport by animals). An exception are caves like the Movile Cave, where chemosynthesis forms the foundation of the food chain. Caves that are close to the
Subterranean_fauna
Organism that ingests organic carbon for nutrition
available for autotrophs, who can fix carbon through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. This circulation supports the continuous cycling of carbon between
Heterotroph
Organic carbon classification
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Dissolved_organic_carbon
pioneered the biogeochemical cycle concept, discovered lithotrophy and chemosynthesis, invented the Winogradsky column for breeding of microorganisms Roman
List_of_Russian_biologists
in agriculture: Sergei Vinogradskii's discovery and investigation of chemosynthesis, 1880–1910. In: Journal of the History of Biology 39, S. 373–406. Ackert
Vasily_Omelianski
Organisms that live in salt water
food by gathering around hydrothermal vents and cold seeps and using chemosynthesis. However most marine primary production comes from organisms which use
Marine_life
Chemical ratio in organic materials
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio
Ocean floor area with hydrocarbon-rich seepage
surface. Chemosynthesis plays only a very small role, if any, in their settlement and growth. While deepwater corals do not seem to be chemosynthesis-based
Cold_seep
American writer, artist, and fashion designer (1985–2016)
in Manhattan, New York City, that related to her fight with cancer. "Chemosynthesis" (2014) dealt with the grief of losing her health and accepting her
Kaylin_Andres
Species of bacterium
across its cell membrane. This bacterium is a chemotroph—it performs chemosynthesis to obtain food. However, since its range of temperature overlaps somewhat
Thermus_aquaticus
species. In some areas, communities that are based on photosynthesis and chemosynthesis coexist. Marine Protected Areas of American Samoa American Samoa 2017
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States
List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States
Term for chemical syntheses
scanning tunnelling microscopes. In conventional chemical synthesis or chemosynthesis, reactive molecules encounter one another through random thermal motion
Mechanosynthesis
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
C3_carbon_fixation
Lake in New York
the anoxic waters and use the sulfide from the deeper water in their chemosynthesis. The color of the lake is created by the total dissolved solids (from
Green_Lake_(New_York)
Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life
positives to this scenario. Numerous terrestrial ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis, for instance, which would be possible in
Planetary_habitability
Benefits provided by intact ecosystems
chemically bound energy, through processes such as photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. The organic matter produced by primary producers forms the basis of
Ecosystem_service
Natural interconnection of food chains
theory of ecology Productivity Resource Restoration Producers Autotrophs Chemosynthesis Chemotrophs Foundation species Kinetotrophs Mixotrophs Myco-heterotrophy
Food_web
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
for the vast majority of oceanic and also many freshwater food webs (chemosynthesis is a notable exception). While almost all phytoplankton species are
Phytoplankton
Transformation of atmospheric carbon between various forms
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Atmospheric_carbon_cycle
Molecule produced by a living organism
gene synthesis Biomimetic synthesis Bioretrosynthesis Biosynthesis Chemosynthesis Convergent synthesis Custom peptide synthesis Direct process Divergent
Biomolecule
Species of mollusc
products. This bacterial symbiont, encodes extensive range of pathways for chemosynthesis and biosynthesis. It is predicted that Candidatus Ruthia magnifica has
Calyptogena_magnifica
Marine carbon cycling events whereby gelatinous zooplankton sink to the seafloor
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Jelly-falls
1979 international marine research project
"black smokers". Biologic communities found at 21° N vents, based on chemosynthesis and similar to those found at the Galápagos spreading center, established
RISE_project
Species of fish
composition of S. thermophilus suggest that food webs were more based on chemosynthesis than at other seamounts in the Mariana Arc. The diet of S. thermophilus
Symphurus_thermophilus
Depth in the oceans below which no calcium carbonate sediment particles are preserved
Black carbon Blue carbon Kerogen Metabolic pathways Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Calvin cycle Reverse Krebs cycle Carbon fixation C3 C4 Carbon respiration
Carbonate_compensation_depth
Any worm living in a marine environment
relationship with symbiotic bacteria within their gut that often perform chemosynthesis from which the worm benefits. These bacteria reside in a specialized
Marine_worm
Means by which some organisms create energy
(2008). "Symbiotic diversity in marine animals: the art of harnessing chemosynthesis". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 6 (10): 725–740. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1992
Microbial_oxidation_of_sulfur
Lake under a glacier
lakes, so these food webs are instead driven by chemosynthesis. In subglacial ecosystems, chemosynthesis is mainly carried out by chemolithoautotrophic
Subglacial_lake
Bacteria involved in decay of living matter
can also be used to synthesize organic compounds in a process called chemosynthesis. Putrefaction, i.e. fermentation of proteins, is considered the final
Putrefying_bacteria
Deep-sea gastropod
that its bacteria can live close to the source of electron donors for chemosynthesis. Or alternatively, the sclerites may result from deposition of toxic
Scaly-foot_gastropod
Marine synthesis of organic compounds
which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds
Marine_primary_production
1958 novel by Hal Clement
of Altair's light to reach the ground. Instead, Tenebra's plants use chemosynthesis based on the transformation of sulphur oxides. The process is much like
Close_to_Critical
Philosophical description by Daniel Koshland
energy exist for life on Earth, such as hydrogen gas or methane, used in chemosynthesis. "Regeneration" in a living system refers to the general compensation
The_Seven_Pillars_of_Life
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