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Technique used in semiconductor production
Monolayer doping (MLD) in semiconductor production is a well controlled, wafer-scale surface doping technique first developed at the University of California
Monolayer_doping
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
n-type doping or p+ for p-type doping. (See the article on semiconductors for a more detailed description of the doping mechanism.) A semiconductor doped to
Doping_(semiconductor)
Thin semiconductors
with exciton recombination, is a signature of a doped monolayer. It is believed now that this doping is extrinsic, which means that it arises from charged
Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Transition_metal_dichalcogenide_monolayers
Chemical compound
planes of sulfide ions. These three strata form a monolayer of MoS2. Bulk MoS2 consists of stacked monolayers, which are held together by weak van der Waals
Molybdenum_disulfide
Chemical compound
recent reports on the ambient air oxidation of monolayer WS2 have found this to not be the case. In the monolayer form, WS2 is converted rather rapidly (over
Tungsten_disulfide
Chemical compound
microwave-impedance microscopy. Monolayer WTe2 has also been observed to superconduct at moderate doping, with a critical temperature tunable by doping level. Two- and
Tungsten_ditelluride
Type of natural semiconductor with thicknesses on the atomic scale
new semiconducting material, a flat monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb lattice. A 2D monolayer semiconductor is significant because
Two-dimensional_semiconductor
Nanoclusters
Monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) are one type of nanoparticles or clusters of atoms. A single MPC contains three main parts: metallic core, protective
Monolayer-protected cluster molecules
Monolayer-protected_cluster_molecules
Crystal growth process relative to the substrate used as seed
precursor gases are alternatively pulsed into a chamber, leading to atomic monolayer growth by surface saturation and chemisorption. Liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE)
Epitaxy
graphene shows a clear thickness dependence: monolayer graphene is reactive to oxygen at 250 °C, strongly doped at 300 °C, and etched at 450 °C; in contrast
Boron_nitride_nanosheet
Class of atomically thin materials
several van der Waals magnets. In CrI3, electrostatic doping alters magnetic order in both monolayer and bilayer forms. Switching between ferromagnetic and
Magnetic_2D_materials
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
the 1960s. However, it is impossible to distinguish between suspended monolayer and multilayer graphene by their TEM contrasts, and the only known method
Graphene
Chemical compound
properties of WSe 2 monolayers differ from those of the bulk state, as is typical for semiconductors. Mechanically exfoliated monolayers of WSe 2 are transparent
Tungsten_diselenide
Oxygen-delivering blood cell and the most common type of blood cell
blood doping involves injection with erythropoietin to stimulate production of red blood cells. Both practices are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency
Red_blood_cell
States of matter for water as a solid
low-temperature endotherm for DCl-doped D2O ice XIX was significantly smaller than that of HCl-doped H2O ice XIX, and that doping of 0.5% of H2O into D2O is
Phases_of_ice
Refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with formula BN
graphene shows a clear thickness dependence: monolayer graphene is reactive to oxygen at 250 °C, strongly doped at 300 °C, and etched at 450 °C; in contrast
Boron_nitride
Bound state of three charged particles
Bibcode:2012arXiv1211.5754M. Mak, K.F.; et al. (2013). "Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2". Nat. Mater. 12 (3): 207–211. arXiv:1210.8226. Bibcode:2013NatMa
Trion_(physics)
Chemical compound
monatomic layers, similar to other transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Monolayer NbSe2 exhibits very different properties from the bulk material
Niobium_diselenide
Crystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms
broadly, these materials also include structures in which individual monolayers are held together by interlayer van der Waals interactions. These materials
Single-layer_materials
defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be compromised by doping it with impurities that alter its electronic properties in a controllable
List of semiconductor materials
List_of_semiconductor_materials
Difference between absorption and emission peak maxima
Jeffrey A. Davis (2020). "Disentangling the effects of doping, strain and disorder in monolayer WS2 by optical spectroscopy". 2D Materials. 7 (2): 025008
Stokes_shift
Scientific misconduct scandal
Retraction Watch) J. H. Schön; H. Meng; Z. Bao (2001). "Self-assembled monolayer organic field-effect transistors". Nature. 413 (6857): 713–6. Bibcode:2001Natur
Schön_scandal
electronic structure of graphene but induces considerable n-doping in the overlying monolayer graphene film. This is a source of electronic scattering and
Epitaxial graphene growth on silicon carbide
Epitaxial_graphene_growth_on_silicon_carbide
Concept from evolutionary biology
Kapitulnik, Aharon (8 July 2021). "Nanoscale Turing patterns in a bismuth monolayer". Nature Physics. 17 (9): 1031–1036. arXiv:2104.01058. Bibcode:2021NatPh
Turing_pattern
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
structure. Doping of OLEDs is used to increase radiative efficiency by direct modification of the quantum-mechanical optical recombination rate. Doping is additionally
OLED
Emission of light from electrochemical reactions
(Tripropylamine) in liquid phase or liquid–solid interface. It can be used as monolayer immobilized on an electrode surface (made e.g. of nafion, or special thin
Electrochemiluminescence
Optical technique for characterizing thin films
characterize composition, roughness, thickness (depth), crystalline nature, doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It
Ellipsometry
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
metal-insulator-metal (MIM) device structure. The work was later extended to monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, which is the thinnest memory material of around
Memristor
Computer using carbon nanotube transistors
the conduction channel is made from carbon nanotubes, rather than from doped silicon. In theory, CNTFETs are more efficient than silicon FETs: CNFETs
Carbon_nanotube_computer
derivatives. EQCM was used to study electro-polymerization process and doping/de-doping properties of polyaniline film on gold electrode surface as well. To
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance
Electrochemical_quartz_crystal_microbalance
Phenomenon of surface adhesion
interact. There are no phase transitions. At the maximum adsorption, only a monolayer is formed. Adsorption only occurs on localized sites on the surface, not
Adsorption
Italian physicist
05794 (2024) Sun et al, "Evidence for equilibrium exciton condensation in monolayer WTe2", Nature Physics 18, 94 (2022). Ataei et al, "Evidence of ideal excitonic
Elisa_Molinari
Material with changing electrical resistance according to its surroundings
used are thin films of gold nanoparticles coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules. The SAM is critical in defining some of the
Chemiresistor
Device that converts heat flux into electrical energy
tin) reaching a ZT value > 3; monolayer AsP 3 {\displaystyle {\ce {AsP3}}} (ZT = 3.36 on the armchair axis); n-type doped InP 3 {\displaystyle {\ce {InP3}}}
Thermoelectric_generator
Type of rechargeable battery
2021-08-26. Lu, Qiang; Zhang, Lian-Lian; Gong, Wei-Jiang (October 2023). "Monolayer and bilayer AsC5 as promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries". Journal
Sodium-ion_battery
Two-dimensional allotrope of silicon
(FETs). Inducing n-type doping within silicene requires an alkali metal dopant. Varying the amount adjusts the band gap. Maximum doping increases the band
Silicene
boundary defects, enhancing carrier mobility and stability. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and organic-inorganic hybrid interfacial coatings have shown promise
Tin-based perovskite solar cell
Tin-based_perovskite_solar_cell
Spanish microscopist
M. Sanchez; et al. (24 August 2014). "Lateral heterojunctions within monolayer MoSe2-WSe2 semiconductors". Nature Materials. 13 (12): 1096–1101. doi:10
Ana_M._Sanchez
Chemical compound
can crystallise in two dimensional sheets which can be thinned down to monolayers that are flexible and almost transparent. By annealing molybdenum film
Molybdenum_ditelluride
English physicist and engineer
enhancement and variability reduction in Si MOSFETs by insertion of partial monolayers of oxygen". 2012 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW). pp. 1–2
Robert_J._Mears
Compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
de-insertion of solvent monolayer is observed when sample is heated back from low temperatures. An additional methanol and ethanol monolayer is reversibly inserted
Graphite_oxide
Carbon allotrope
nitride (h-BN) substrates. The team use nickel nanoparticles to etch monolayer-deep, nanometre-wide trenches into h-BN, and subsequently fill them with
Graphene_nanoribbon
Chemical compound
approximately 35 K (−238.2 °C). Bulk 1T-TaSe2 is metallic, while single monolayer (trilayer Se–Ta–Se in octahedral symmetry) is observed to be insulating
Tantalum_diselenide
Catalyst surface active in redox reactions
transferred. The assumptions behind this method are: Hydrogen forms a monolayer on the catalyst surface, with one hydrogen atom adsorbed per active site
Electrochemical_surface_area
Methods to make single-atom-thick carbon sheets
supported by molecular dynamic simulations. P. Boehm reported producing monolayer flakes of reduced graphene oxide in 1962. Rapid heating of graphite oxide
Graphene production techniques
Graphene_production_techniques
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
called ormosil. Sub-monolayer shells can also be effective ways of passivating the quantum dots, such as PbS cores with sub-monolayer CdS shells. Quantum
Quantum_dot
Environmental remediation process
solid-phase microextraction, particularly in the form of self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports. The mesoporous silica structure, made through
Nanoremediation
High-capacity electrochemical capacitor
electrode with a pre-doped lithium-ion electrochemical electrode. This combination increases the capacitance value. Additionally, the pre-doping process lowers
Supercapacitor
Type of solid-state electric battery
underpotential deposition effect is only known for extremely thin layers (monolayers) of materials. Lacey also notes that the original publication does not
Glass_battery
Thin layer of material
thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. The controlled synthesis of materials
Thin_film
Interface between crystallites in a polycrystalline material
Complexion can be grouped in 6 categories, according to their thickness: monolayer, bilayer, trilayer, nanolayer (with equilibrium thickness between 1 and
Grain_boundary
Class of semiconductor nanocrystals
depending on the number of monolayers contained within the platelet (from 440 nm for three monolayers to 460 nm for 5 monolayers). Nanowires of CsPbBr3,
Perovskite_nanocrystal
Chemical compound
M. F. Chisholm (1998). "Crystalline Oxides on Silicon: The First Five Monolayers". Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (14): 3014. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..81.3014M. doi:10
Strontium_titanate
Boron compound
"Nucleation control for large, single crystalline domains of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride via Si-doped Fe catalysts". Nano Letters. 15 (3): 1867–75. Bibcode:2015NanoL
Borazine
Wei; Yang, Li (2016-08-23). "Ferroelectricity and Phase Transitions in Monolayer Group-IV Monochalcogenides". Physical Review Letters. 117 (9) 097601.
Cophonicity
Experimental area in semiconductors
graphene, few-layer phosphorene, some transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, diamond, bismuth, silicon, carbon nanotubes, aluminium arsenide and silicene
Valleytronics
Taiwanese theoretical physicist
interactions are shown to induce novel collective excitation modes in SWCNTs and monolayer graphite, warranting detailed theoretical analysis. The effects of a uniform
Ming-Fa_Lin
Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
(2008). "Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene". Science. 321 (5887): 385–8. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..385L. doi:10
Carbon
Chemical compound
attributed to a Mott state. It is also superconducting under pressure or upon doping, with a familiar dome-like phase diagram as a function of dopant, or substituted
Tantalum(IV)_sulfide
Material consisting of two layers of graphene
synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal AB-stacked bilayer graphene Like monolayer graphene, bilayer graphene has a zero bandgap and thus behaves like a
Bilayer_graphene
Quasiparticle of charge oscillations in condensed matter
they propagate. This has led to their use to measure the thickness of monolayers on colloid films, such as screening and quantifying protein binding events
Plasmon
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
for example, thousands to millions time faster in the self-assembly of monolayers at the water-air or water-substrate interfaces. As such, it is necessary
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
silicon wafer coated with trifluoromethanesulfonyl-amide (TFSA) doped graphene. Doping increased efficiency to 9.6% in 2013. In 2015 researchers reported
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
Salts of manganese and the nitride ion
axis; the Néel temperature is then 387 °C. In principle, a hexagonal MnN monolayer should exhibit very strong spin polarization, thus behaving as a very
Manganese_nitrides
Israeli physical chemist
controlled molecular monolayers directly bonded to silicon. He created high-quality silicon-molecular monolayer junctions, allowing for doping within them. Moreover
David_Cahen
synthetic diamonds doped with boron are p-type semiconductors. N-type diamond films are reproducibly synthesized by phosphorus doping during chemical vapor
Material properties of diamond
Material_properties_of_diamond
State of an immobilized atom in chemistry
from the band gap can be achieved by treatment of the surface with a monolayer of selenium (alternatively, sulfur was proposed). Selenium can attach
Dangling_bond
Subclass of liquid crystal
(OTS) have been proposed to create self-assembled monolayers on the glass surface. These monolayers then act as aligners for the bulk liquid crystalline
Cholesteric_liquid_crystal
American chemist and researcher
thin layer of metal oxide “primer” that acts as a glue for attaching a monolayer of oleophilic molecules. The result is a reusable sponge capable of adsorbing
Jeffrey_Elam
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
and good thermal tolerance are advantageous. Additional doping in NiOx (for instance, Li-doping) can raise conductivity and yield higher fill factors.
Perovskite_solar_cell
Acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst
tantalite (NaTaO3) doped with lanthanum and loaded with a nickel oxide cocatalyst. The surface is grooved with nanosteps from doping with lanthanum (3–15 nm
Photocatalysis
Type of semiconductor, spintronic material
Yongping Zheng; Nujiang Tang; Youwei Du (2016-09-09). "B4 CN3 and B3 CN4 monolayers as the promising candidates for metal-free spintronic materials". New
Bipolar magnetic semiconductor
Bipolar_magnetic_semiconductor
Device used to produce electricity from light
generation. Typically a ruthenium metalorganic dye (Ru-centered) is used as a monolayer of light-absorbing material, which is adsorbed onto a thin film of titanium
Solar_cell
Condensed matter system
topological Fermi strings (1D analog of Fermi arcs) was discovered in epitaxial monolayer bismuthene. In crystals that are symmetric under inversion and time reversal
Dirac_matter
Taiwanese-American condensed matter physicist
fully hydrogenated monolayer-hexagonal boron nitride (H2BN) has a direct band gap of 3eV with stable phonon dispersions at low hole doping. Using the Eliashberg
Chin-Sen_Ting
Molecule with a hydrogen bound to a more electropositive element or group
discrete molecules, oligomers or polymers, ionic solids, chemisorbed monolayers,[citation needed] bulk metals (interstitial), or other materials. While
Hydride
Nigerian physical chemist
and electrochemical intercalation kinetics of nanostructured aluminium-doped Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode material for lithium ion battery"
Kenneth_Ikechukwu_Ozoemena
Extremely small sensors
conductivity of these nanotubes will change due to charge transfer and chemical doping by other molecules, enabling their detection. To enhance their selectivity
Nanosensor
Canadian-American physicist (born 1951)
twisted graphene bilayers would have a much lower Fermi velocity than in monolayer graphene, MacDonald and Rafi Bistritzer -- a former postdoctoral researcher
Allan_H._MacDonald
Property of materials which both possess and are affected by electric fields
fluoride (PVDF) and lithium tantalate. A single atom thick ferroelectric monolayer can be created using pure bismuth. It should be possible to produce materials
Ferroelectricity
curvatures of the monolayers, an unusual membrane lipid composition would be required to produce such curvature. The lipids cholesterol, DOPE and diacylglycerol
Membrane_curvature
Mavrikakis, Manos (2021-04-19). "Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Pt or Pd Monolayer on Transition-Metal Single Crystals: A First-Principles Structure Sensitivity
Formic_acid_fuel_cell
Nanomaterial
ZnO nanowires are grown epitaxially on the substrate and assemble into monolayer arrays. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has also been
Nanorod
Infrared microscopy technique
detection of a single molecular complex and the sensitivity to a single monolayer has been shown. Recording infrared spectra as a function of position can
Nano-FTIR
Technology for conversion of waste
"Visible Light-Driven Reforming of Lignocellulose into H 2 by Intrinsic Monolayer Carbon Nitride". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 13 (37): 44243–44253
Solar_reforming
Type of thin-film solar cell
to cosensitized solar cells can be raised by the pre-adsorption of a monolayer of hydroxamic acid derivative on a surface of nanocrystalline mesoporous
Dye-sensitized_solar_cell
Category of chemical elements
2023, "Tuning the electronic properties of molybdenum di-sulphide monolayers via doping using first-principles calculations", Physica Scripta, vol. 98,
Nonmetal
American chemist
2009, Ruoff and collaborators have demonstrated synthesis of large area monolayer graphene on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition, for which relatively
Rodney_S._Ruoff
Italian-American molecular physicist (1935–2024)
Giacinto (1 October 1989). "Molecular order at the surface of an organic monolayer studied by low energy helium diffraction". The Journal of Chemical Physics
Giacinto_Scoles
n-doping (1.33 × 1013 e/cm2) via surface-transfer. On p-type copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) semiconductor itself deposited on SLG n-doping reached
Graphene_chemistry
TBCs were published in 2001. The coating tested was a monolayer coating of standard YSZ co-doped with dysprosia (YSZ:Dy). First work on industrial atmospheric
Phosphor_thermometry
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
dark excitons have been performed using time-resolved photoemission from monolayer WS2. A scheme by researchers at the University of Innsbruck enables an
Exciton
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
first forms a single monolayer coverage of the S. aureus cells on the outer membrane, while the second forms a double monolayer. This leads to cell leakage
Antimicrobial_surface
Prize in Chemistry, and Katharine B. Blodgett introduced the concept of a monolayer, a layer of material one molecule thick. In the early 1950s, Derjaguin
History_of_nanotechnology
South Korean physicist (born 1965)
self-doped ground state in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3 2019 – Suppression of magnetic ordering in XXZ-type antiferromagnetic monolayer NiPS3
Je-geun_Park
in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS₂ and MoSe₂. The monolayer 2H polytype of these materials does not possess a vertical mirror plane;
Inversion_domain_boundary
Molecular-scale artificial or biological device
AMMs attached to inorganic surfaces forming features like self-assembled monolayers; this gives rise to tunable properties such as fluorescence, aggregation
Molecular_machine
Branch of microscopy
carrier diffusion length and recombination dynamics, as well as on local doping concentration and built-in electric fields. In all instances and contrary
Scanning_probe_microscopy
State of matter with properties of both conventional liquids and crystals
actively-driven cytoskeletal filaments, can also form liquid crystal phases. Monolayers of elongated cells have also been described to exhibit liquid-crystal
Liquid_crystal
Type of molecule
For example, the incorporation of diarylethenes as a self-assembled monolayer on a gold surface shows promise in optoelectronic devices. Diarylethenes
Photoswitch
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