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First Series of the Silurian
In the geological timescale, the Llandovery Epoch or Early Silurian (from 443.1 ± 0.9 million years ago to 432.9 ± 1.2 million years ago) occurred at the
Llandovery_Epoch
Market town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales
work here resulted in the name "Llandovery" being given to rocks of a certain age across the world. The Llandovery epoch is the earliest in the Silurian
Llandovery
2nd Series (Epoch) of the Silurian
Wenlock Epoch (sometimes referred to as the Wenlockian) or Mid-Early Silurian is the second epoch of the Silurian. It is preceded by the Llandovery Epoch and
Wenlock_Epoch
Extinct genus of basal bony fish
that lived in what is now China during the Telychian stage of the Llandovery epoch. Eosteus chongqingensis was fusiform in overall body appearance. It
Eosteus
Extinct paraphyletic class of fishes
identifiable placoderms appear in the fossil record during the late Llandovery epoch of the early Silurian. They eventually outcompeted the previously dominant
Placoderm
Extinct genus of jawless vertebrates
fish known from the Patrick Burn Formation in Scotland, dating to the Llandovery epoch of the Early Silurian period. Long thought of as a "basal anaspid,"
Jamoytius
Silurian geologic formation in Ghat, Libya
southwestern Libya. The unit preserves fossils dating back to the Llandovery epoch of the early Silurian period. The formation has provided the following
Acacus_Sandstone
Birmingham's development. A new species of Lower Silurian (middle Llandovery epoch) phacopsid trilobite, Acaste birminghamensis, was first collected from
Red_Mountain_Expressway_Cut
System of dividing geologic time in New Zealand
their own systems of dividing geologic time into epochs and faunal stages. In New Zealand, these epochs and stages use local place names (mainly Māori in
New Zealand geologic time scale
New_Zealand_geologic_time_scale
Second stage of the Silurian
In the geologic timescale, the Aeronian is an age of the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon that began
Aeronian
Extinct genus of eugaleaspidiform fish
that lived in what is now China during the Telychian stage of the Llandovery epoch. Jiangxialepis retrospina, the type species, is distinguished from
Jiangxialepis
Third stage of the Silurian and last stage of the Llandovery
geologic timescale, the Telychian is the third and final age of the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Telychian
Order of arthropods (fossil)
appearing during the Late Llandovery epoch (around 432 million years ago) and being extinct by the end of the Pridoli epoch. Eurypterus was also restricted
Eurypterid
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
"acanthodian" stem-chondrichthyans from the lower Silurian (late Aeronian, Llandovery Epoch) of China around 439 million years old, making it currently the oldest
Fanjingshania
Extinct genus of sea scorpions
the type species C. scorpioides from the Llandovery epoch, and the younger C. scotica, from the Wenlock epoch. Fossils are mainly known from Scotland,
Cruinnopterus
Extinct clade of sponges
Actinostromatida, may have originated in the Late Ordovician or the Llandovery Epoch (early Silurian). The precise timing depends on the status of Plumatalinia
Stromatoporoidea
Class of chordates
the latter half of the Llandovery epoch of the Silurian, about 436 million years ago. During the transition from the Llandovery to the Wenlock, the Eugaleaspids
Galeaspida
First stage of the Silurian
the Rhuddanian is the first age of the Silurian Period and of the Llandovery Epoch. The Silurian is in the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Rhuddanian
Rhuddanian
Hill (147m) on Anglesey, Wales
sulfide ore deposit is located at the border of the Ordovician to the Llandovery epoch. The ore is covered by an overlying layer of volcanic rhyolites. The
Parys_Mountain
Island and historical province in Sweden
terrestrial sediments filled the basin. Reef growth started in the Llandovery Epoch, when the sea was 50 to 100 m (160 to 330 ft), and reefs continued
Gotland
Valley in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
between the Ordovician and Silurian periods, and marks the base of the Llandovery epoch, on the geologic time scale. Dob's Linn was ratified as the GSSP by
Dob's_Linn
System that relates geologic strata to time
Period. An epoch is the second smallest geochronologic unit. It is equivalent to a chronostratigraphic series. There are 37 defined epochs and one informal
Geologic_time_scale
Overview of geology in Pembrokeshire, UK
each of the four epochs of the Silurian period (444-419 Ma) can be found in Pembrokeshire. Strata dating from the Llandovery Epoch (444-433 Ma) outcrop
Geology_of_Pembrokeshire
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
humid. In fact, the climate in the Devonian differed greatly during its epochs and between geographic regions. For example, during the Early Devonian,
Devonian
Extinct genus of sea scorpions
They flourished between the Late Llandovery epoch (around 432 million years ago) to sometime during the Přídolí epoch (418.1 million years ago) of the
Eurypterus
Mountain building event caused by the collision of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia
with considerable erosion before the deposition of sediments in the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian (444–443 Ma). There was no break in sediments in the
Caledonian_orogeny
Extinct species of fish
lived in the early Silurian, specifically the Aeronian stage of the Llandovery Epoch. The scales of Zuegelepis may have served in a role to defend against
Zuegelepis
Extinct species of small marine animal
pterobranch hemichordate in the Rhabdopleura genus that lived through the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian. It was named by Rickards, Chapman, and Temple in 1984
Rhabdopleura_hollandi
Use of a particular fossil class to identify stratigraphy
early Sandbian Bromide Formation, in Oklahoma, United States. The Llandovery epoch lasted from 443.8 ± 1.5 to 433.4 ± 2.8 mya, and is subdivided into
Conodont_biostratigraphy
Name given to various notable geological sites in Scotland
may venture to follow. At Siccar Point, during the lower Silurian Llandovery epoch around 435 million years ago, thin beds of fine-grained mudstone were
Hutton's_Unconformity
to Homalacanthus. †Fanjingshania Valid. Aeronian (Early Silurian, Llandovery Epoch). China. A climatiiform, one of the earliest known acanthodean genus
List_of_acanthodian_genera
Extinct genus of arthropods
kokomoensis, the type species, from the Early Pridoli epoch of Indiana; O. pumilus, from the Early Llandovery epoch of Illinois, both from the United States; and
Onychopterella
Third and final epoch of the Ordovician Period, 458–444 million years ago
The Late Ordovician is the third and final epoch of the Ordovician period, lasting 15.1 million years and spanning from around 458.2 to 443.1 million
Late_Ordovician
Geological group in mid Wales
mudstone turbidites laid down in the marine Welsh Basin during the Llandovery epoch. British Geological Survey 2010. 1:50,000 scale geological map sheets
Cwmystwyth_Grits_Group
Extinct order of sponges
during the extinction interval. Labechiids which survived into the Llandovery Epoch (early Silurian) were inconspicuous relative to other diversifying
Labechiida
British geologist (1865–1949)
546–595. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1908.064.01-04.31. (See Bala Series and Llandovery Epoch.) Lake, Philip (1913). "A Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites
Philip_Lake
the expansion of terrestrial vegetation initiated at the end of the Llandovery Epoch enhanced the complexity of weathering and sedimentary systems and altered
2022_in_paleontology
Protected area in Cumbria, England
exposures from the Silurian period. Skelghyll Beck has rocks from the Llandovery Epoch (Lower Silurian). It is the type locality for the Skelgill Beds. These
Skelghyll_Beck
Embryophyte plants with branched spore-bearing generation
China, and Australia. As of 2019[update], Eohostimella, dated to the Llandovery epoch (443 to 433 million years ago), is one of the earliest fossils that
Polysporangiophyte
Geologic group in Ireland
composed of sand-dominant turbidites (lower Ordovician to at least the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian) which are conformably underlain by the Ribband and
Ribband_Group
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
a proposed shower of meteors that occurred during the Middle Ordovician Epoch, about 467.5 ± 0.28 million years ago, due to the break-up of the L chondrite
Ordovician
Final Series (Epoch) of the Silurian
In the geologic timescale, the Přídolí Epoch (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpr̝̊iːdoliː]) is the fourth and latest epoch of the Silurian Period, corresponding
Pridoli_Epoch
Extinct genus of arthropods
punctatum, known from the Ludlow epoch of England, and the smallest being C. libertyi, known from the Late Llandovery epoch of Canada. Though no other species
Carcinosoma
Family of eurypterids
Parahughmilleria maria, being known from deposits of Early Silurian (possibly the Llandovery epoch) age and the last members, belonging to the long-lasting and widespread
Adelophthalmoidea
Geology of English county
Pentamerus and Purple Shales formations, both being assigned to the Llandovery epoch. Their outcrop to the southeast of the Church Stretton Fault Zone extends
Geology_of_Shropshire
Geological fault in Great Britain
folding. The rocks of the Aberystwyth Grits Group dating from the Llandovery epoch of the Silurian period thicken markedly to the west of the fault suggesting
Bronnant_Fault
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
to 542 Ma, are more suitable. The Terreneuvian is the lowermost series/epoch of the Cambrian, lasting from 538.8 ± 0.6 Ma to c. 521 Ma. It is divided
Cambrian
Extinct genus of arthropods
been found from the Silurian deposits of the Llandovery epoch to the Devonian deposits of the Eifelian epoch in North America, Europe and Siberia. It is
Nanahughmilleria
Extinct genus of arthropods
been found from the Silurian deposits of the Llandovery epoch to the Devonian deposits of the Eifelian epoch in North America, Europe and Siberia. The fossils
Parahughmilleria
Extinct superfamily of eurypterids
known pterygotioids, belonging to the genus Hughmilleria, are from the Llandovery epoch of the Silurian and appear around the same time in Laurentia, Scotland
Pterygotioidea
Fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian
The Furongian or Late Cambrian is the fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian. It lasted from 497 to 486.85 million years ago. It succeeds the
Furongian
Geological group in northern England
Stockdale Group Stratigraphic range: Llandovery epoch of Silurian Type Group Unit of Windermere Supergroup Sub-units Skelgill and Browgill formations Underlies
Stockdale_Group
Geological group in mid Wales
and thin sandstones laid down in the marine Welsh Basin during the Llandovery epoch of the Silurian period. The Derwenlas rocks are of Aeronian age whilst
Claerwen_Group
Geological group in Mid Wales
sandstone turbidites laid down in the marine Welsh Basin during the Llandovery epoch of the Silurian period. Palaeocurrents indicating a source in the southwest
Aberystwyth_Grits_Group
First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Mississippian_(geology)
3rd series of the Silurian
In the geological timescale, the Ludlow Epoch or Mid-Late Silurian (from 426.7 ± 1.5 million years ago to 422.7 ± 1.6 million years ago) occurred during
Ludlow_Epoch
Second subperiod of the Carboniferous
Bashkirian. In the European subdivision, the Carboniferous is divided into two epochs: Dinantian (early) and Silesian (late). The Silesian starts earlier than
Pennsylvanian_(geology)
First epoch of the Ordovician period
The Early Ordovician is the first epoch of the Ordovician period, corresponding to the Lower Ordovician series of the Ordovician system. It began after
Early_Ordovician
Second epoch of the Devonian period
In the geological timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 382.31 ± 1.36 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian
Middle_Devonian
Third epoch of the Cambrian period
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Miaolingian
Earliest subdivision of the Quaternary Period
Period/System and Pleistocene Epoch/Series. It spans from 2.58–1.80 million years ago, following the Piacenzian Age (from the Pliocene Epoch) and preceding the Calabrian
Gelasian
Unnamed 2nd series of the Cambrian
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Cambrian_Series_2
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
terrestrial, "plant" known from compression fossils of Early Silurian (Llandovery) age. The chemistry of its fossils is similar to that of fossilised vascular
Silurian
First of three relatively minor extinction events during the Silurian period
Mulde, and Lau events) during the Silurian period. It occurred at the Llandovery/Wenlock boundary (mid Silurian, 432.9 ± 1.2 million years ago). The event
Ireviken_event
Age on the geologic timescale
succeeds the Telychian Age and precedes the Homerian Age. The Wenlock-Llandovery boundary is defined by the first occurrence of Cyrtograptus centrifugus
Sheinwoodian
Extinct placoderm
discussed, while originally considered as late Llandovery, it is later considered to belong to the Ludlow Epoch instead. It was the first described Silurian
Shimenolepis
Fossil flagellate
Leonard E. (1982). "Palynomorphs from the Silurian medina group (lower llandovery) of the Niagara Gorge, Lewiston, New York, U.S.A.". Palynology. 6 (1):
Moyeria
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
extinction event, two of the "big five", and it is divided into three major epochs: Early, Middle, and Late Triassic. The Early Triassic, about 252 to 247 million
Mesozoic
Sixth stage of the Silurian
In the geologic timescale, the Gorstian is an age of the Ludlow Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon that is comprehended
Gorstian
Fifth stage of the Silurian
In the geologic timescale, the Homerian is an age of the Wenlock Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon that is comprehended
Homerian
and terrestrial sediments, filled the basin. Reef growth started in the Llandovery, when the sea was 50–100 m (160–330 ft) deep, and reefs continued to dominate
Geology_of_Gotland
First period of the Mesozoic Era
extinction events. Chronologically, the Triassic Period is divided into three epochs: (i) the Early Triassic, (ii) the Middle Triassic, and (iii) the Late Triassic
Triassic
Second age of the Oligocene Epoch
timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 27.3 and 23.04 Ma. The Chattian is preceded
Chattian
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
Jurassique à Luxembourg in 1962. The Jurassic Period is divided into three epochs: Early, Middle, and Late. Similarly, in stratigraphy, the Jurassic is divided
Jurassic
Historic county in Scotland
rocks. By far the largest area is occupied by strata of Tarannon and Llandovery age which cover a belt of country from 20 to 25 mi (32 to 40 km) across
Dumfriesshire
Genus of annelids (fossil)
record of machaeridian shell plates in the Wether Law Linn Formation (Late Llandovery), Pentland Hills, Scotland". Scottish Journal of Geology. 53 (1): 35–39
Plumulites
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
the Kungurian stage and Guadalupian epoch; and the Aparima epoch is closely contemporary with the Lopingian epoch. During the Permian, all the Earth's
Permian
Genus of extinct arthropods
temporal range of H. shawangunk has been placed between the Llandovery and Ludlow epoch. The largest specimens measured 12 cm (5 in) in length, and differ
Hughmilleria
Seventh stage of the Silurian
The Ludfordian Stage succeeds the Gorstian Stage and precedes the Pridoli Epoch. It is named for the village of Ludford in Shropshire, England. The GSSP
Ludfordian
First age of the late Jurassic
in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between
Oxfordian_age
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
and Turonian. The Cretaceous is divided into Early and Late Cretaceous epochs, or Lower and Upper Cretaceous series. In older literature, the Cretaceous
Cretaceous
Lithostratigraphic unit
is an extensive limestone unit deposited during the Middle Mississippian Epoch (345.3 ± 2.1 – 326.4 ± 1.6 Ma), part of the Carboniferous Period. This rock
Greenbrier_Group
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
time, the effects on world biota were inconsequential. By the Cisuralian Epoch, both oxygen and carbon dioxide had recovered to more normal levels. On
Paleozoic
Continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus
formation in Gotland. The Ireviken event was a minor extinction event at the Llandovery/Wenlock boundary (mid Silurian, 433.4 ± 2.3 million years ago). The event
List of flood basalt provinces
List_of_flood_basalt_provinces
Sixth and last age of the Early Cretaceous
is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million
Albian
Extinct order of marine lamp shells
Cambrian to Tremadocian) Orbaspina Valentine & Brock, 2003 (Silurian, late Llandovery to Ludlow) Quasithambonia? Bednarczyk & Biernat, 1978 (Ordovician, "Arenig")
Siphonotretida
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Carboniferous
Series of rocks from the Lower Carboniferous
The Dinantian is a series or epoch from the Lower Carboniferous system in western Europe between 359.2 and 326.4 million years ago. It can stand for a
Dinantian
Mass extinction event c. 444 million years ago
the earliest Rhuddanian, indicating that anoxia persisted well into the Llandovery. A sharp reduction in the average size of many organisms, likely attributable
Late Ordovician mass extinction
Late_Ordovician_mass_extinction
Extinct order of brachiopods
[Upper Ordovician ("Ashgill")] Dinobolus Hall, 1871 [lower-mid Silurian (Llandovery – Wenlock)] Eodinobolus Rowell, 1963 [Upper Ordovician ("Caradoc" – "Ashgill")]
Trimerellida
The Silesian is a subdivision (a series or epoch) of the Carboniferous system or period in the geologic timescale of western and central Europe. It was
Silesian_(series)
Second and last age of the Early Ordovician epoch
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Floian
Second age of the Miaolingian epoch
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Drumian
Second age of the Furongian epoch
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Jiangshanian
timescale of the ICS, the Stephanian is placed within the Pennsylvanian epoch (323-299 Ma). The (regionally defined) Stephanian stage corresponds to the
Stephanian_(stage)
First age of the Middle Ordovician epoch
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Dapingian
Third and last age of the Late Ordovician epoch
Hirnantian is equal to approximately the top 20% of the regional Bolindian epoch. Baltica – The Hirnantian is equivalent to the upper 50% of the regional
Hirnantian
Second and last age of the Middle Ordovician epoch
(419–444 Ma) Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma) Ordovician (444–485 Ma) Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470
Darriwilian
First age of the Furongian epoch
the Cambrian System. The Paibian is also the first age of the Furongian Epoch of the Cambrian Period. It follows the Guzhangian (Miaolingian series of
Paibian
Genus of arthropods
Two species are known, P. phelpsae and P. maria, found in Silurian (Llandovery–Ludlow) deposits in the United States (New York and Pennsylvania). Pittsfordipterus
Pittsfordipterus
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