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Carboxylic acid (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
Isovaleric acid, also known as 3-methylbutanoic acid or β-methylbutyric acid, is a branched-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
Isovaleric_acid
Medical condition disrupting normal metabolism
Isovaleric acidemia is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which disrupts or prevents normal metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine
Isovaleric_acidemia
Chemical compound
Carboxylic Acids". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 80 (11): 2882–2887. Bibcode:1958JAChS..80.2882C. doi:10.1021/ja01544a072. "3-OH-isovaleric acid".
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Tranquilizer based with herbs Valerian, hops, peppermint & phenobarbital, a barbiturate
chemical is 3-methylbutyric acid, also known as isovaleric acid or isopentanoic acid. It is a simple short-chain fatty acid also produced by many bacteria
Corvalol
Chemical compound
Menthyl isovalerate, also known as validolum, is the menthyl ester of isovaleric acid. It is a transparent oily, colorless liquid with a smell of menthol
Menthyl_isovalerate
Carboxylic acid – CH3(CH2)3COOH
Valeric acid is one volatile component in swine manure. Other components include other carboxylic acids, skatole, trimethyl amine, and isovaleric acid. It
Valeric_acid
Terpene hydrocarbon
as the (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes at 300 °C. When warmed with mineral acid, limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also
Limonene
Chemical compound
compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)NH2. The amide derived from isovaleric acid, it is a colourless solid. Isovaleramide is a constituent of valerian
Isovaleramide
French soft cheese
fats), phenethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, δ-decalactone, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid, as well as volatile sulfur compounds such as S-Methyl thioacetate
Camembert
Organic compound
acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid
Uric_acid
Species of flowering plant
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Valeric acid Isovaleric acid Iridoids, including valepotriates Sesquiterpenes (contained in the volatile oil): valerenic acid, hydroxyvalerenic
Valerian_(herb)
Chemical sedative and hypnotic drug
glucuronide by erythrocytes and plasma esterases and into trichloroacetic acid in 4 to 5 days. It has a very narrow therapeutic window making this drug
Chloral_hydrate
Chemical compound
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. It is a precursor to
Γ-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Chemical compound
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In humans, GBL acts as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and is often used as a recreational drug. GHB acts as a central nervous
Γ-Butyrolactone
Chemical compound
anti-inflammatory drugs. Bromisoval can be prepared by bromination of isovaleric acid by the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction followed by reaction with urea
Bromisoval
Chemical compound
an organic compound that is the ester formed from ethyl alcohol and isovaleric acid. It has a fruity odour and flavour and is used in perfumery and as
Ethyl_isovalerate
Class of CNS depressant drugs
depressants that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing)
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine sedative
directly at the more reactive C7 position with potassium nitrate in sulfuric acid. Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepine dependence Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Nitrazepam
Chemical compound
Barbital (or barbitone), sold under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate
Barbital
Obsolete sedative-hypnotic
The sodium salt of secobarbital is classified separately from the free acid, as follows: CAS number: 309-43-3 Chemical formula: C12H18N2NaO3 Molecular
Secobarbital
Type of body odor that affects the feet of humans
Pálpusztai and Munster their characteristic pungency. Isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid), another source of foot odor, is produced by Staphylococcus
Foot_odor
Obsolete sedative–hypnotic drug
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Methaqualone
Pungent chemical compound in chili peppers
the branched-chain fatty acid pathway. To produce capsaicin, 8-methyl-6-nonenoyl-CoA is produced by the branched-chain fatty acid pathway and condensed with
Capsaicin
Medication
high blood uric acid levels. It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can
Allopurinol
Chemical compound
enter the citric acid cycle and provide direct fuel in muscle tissue. Racemic valine can be synthesized by bromination of isovaleric acid followed by amination
Valine
Heightened sense of smell
OR11H7P pseudogene have a lower receptor activation threshold for isovaleric acid. These individuals are hyperosmic for this single odorant. Another
Hyperosmia
Chemical compound
Caffeic acid is an organic compound with the formula (HO)2C6H3CH=CHCO2H. It plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in energy
Caffeic_acid
CNS depressant medication
medication is structurally related to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and hence is a GABA analogue. Phenibut is thought to act as a GABAB
Phenibut
Chemotherapy and immunosuppressant medication
blocking the body's use of folic acid, so taking folic acid supplements can reduce its effectiveness. Folinic acid (leucovorin) is used to reduce the
Methotrexate
Naturally occurring sedative and hallucinogen
Muscimol, also known as agarin, pantherine, or pyroibotenic acid, is a GABAA receptor agonist with sedative and hallucinogenic effects and the principal
Muscimol
Pentacyclic chemical compound found in fruits
Ursolic acid (sometimes referred to as urson, prunol, malol, or 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid), is a pentacyclic triterpenoid identified in the epicuticular
Ursolic_acid
Class of oily organic compounds found in plants
hemiterpene. It may form oxygen-containing derivatives such as prenol and isovaleric acid analogous to terpenoids. Monoterpenes consist of two isoprene units
Terpene
Pentacyclic chemical compound in plant leaves and fruit
Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid related to betulinic acid. It is widely distributed in food and plants
Oleanolic_acid
Chemical compound
Phytic acid is a six-fold dihydrogenphosphate ester of inositol (specifically, of the myo isomer), also called inositol hexaphosphate, inositol hexakisphosphate
Phytic_acid
Drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, reducing brain activity
3-Chloropropanoic acid (UMB66) 3-phenylpropyloxybutyric acid (UMB72) 4-benzyloxybutyric acid (UMB73) 4-hydroxy-4-napthylbutanoic acid (UMB86) 5-Hydroxypentanoate
Depressant
Intravenous medication used in anesthesia
language under general anesthesia with propofol. Propofol inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase, which metabolizes the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA).
Propofol
Chemical compound
Hopantenic acid (homopantothenic acid), also known as N-pantoyl-GABA, is a central nervous system depressant. Formulated as the calcium salt, it is used
Hopantenic_acid
Resinous mixture produced by honey bees
analysis of propolis from Henan, China, found sinapinic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chrysin. In neotropical regions, in addition to a large
Propolis
Hypnotic medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Ramelteon
Organic compound and a form of vitamin B3
Nicotinic acid, or niacin, is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient. It is produced by plants and animals from the
Nicotinic_acid
Disorder causing trouble with sleeping
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Insomnia
Muscle relaxant medication
which was nitrated with sodium nitrate in sulfuric acid and reduced using iron and acetic acid. The amine intermediate was treated with benzoyl chloride
Tizanidine
Species of plant
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Kava
Medication used to treat insomnia
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Zaleplon
Benzodiazepine used for anesthesia and procedural sedation
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Midazolam
Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants
Barbiturate
Hypnotic medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Eszopiclone
Chemical compound
5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the
Guanosine_monophosphate
Chemical compound
electronegativity of the trifluoromethyl group, this alcohol exhibits a stronger acidic character compared to ethanol. Trifluoroethanol is produced industrially
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
Benzodiazepine medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Lorazepam
Triazolobenzodiazepine/Clonazepam derivative
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Clonazolam
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Brophebarbital
Chemical compound
Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleotide (that is, a nucleoside monophosphate). Widely used as a flavor enhancer, it is typically obtained
Inosinic_acid
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
in hypoxanthine, adenine, and guanine lead to higher blood levels of uric acid. Foods having more than 200 mg of hypoxanthine per 100 g, particularly animal
Purine
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Probarbital
Chemical compound
pimaric acids group and also the larger group of resin acids. The acid is an isomer of 4-epi-sandaracopimaric acid, pimaric acid, continentalic acid, and
Sandaracopimaric_acid
Class of aromatic organic chemicals found in plants
5 C5H8 DMAPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, isoprenol, isovaleramide, isovaleric acid, HMBPP, prenol Monoterpenoids Monoterpenes 2 10 C10H16 Bornyl acetate
Terpenoid
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
Methylbutanoic acids 2-Methylbutanoic acid (2R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid (2S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid (isovaleric acid) Methyl butyrate
C5H10O2
Chemical compound
Abietic acid (also known as abietinic acid or sylvic acid) is a diterpenoid found in coniferous trees. It is supposed to exist to defend the host plant
Abietic_acid
Chemical compound
5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide. AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the
Adenosine_monophosphate
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Carbubarb
Primary alcohol compound (CH3CH2CH2OH)
PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions
1-Propanol
Chemical compound (CH3)2CHCH2OH
initially unclear, with some chemists believing it corresponded to butyric acid, but theoretical considerations indicated that normal butanol should have
Isobutanol
Species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae
cheese), dimethyl disulfide (garlic), trimethylamine (rotting fish), isovaleric acid (sweaty socks), benzyl alcohol (sweet floral scent), phenol (like Chloraseptic)
Amorphophallus_titanum
Short-acting barbiturate
Pentobarbital can occur as a free acid but is usually formulated as the sodium salt, pentobarbital sodium. The free acid is only slightly soluble in water
Pentobarbital
Class of plant-derived organic compounds with soap-like properties
The triterpenoid aglycone is frequently subdivided into oleanane, ursolic acid, and dammarane. Saponins can also be categorised by the number of sugar units
Saponin
Antidepressant medication
increased trazodone and mCPP levels. Serotonergic psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are thought to mediate their hallucinogenic
Trazodone
Polymer harvested from certain trees
stir in some type of acid, which allows the newly harvested latex to mix with the previously coagulated material. The rubber/acid mixture is what gives
Natural_rubber
Portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely digested
absorption A slowing of bile acid absorption in the ileum so bile acids escape through to the cecum Altered or increased bile acid metabolism in the cecum
Dietary_fiber
First-generation antihistamine used as a short-term sedative and hypnotic (sleep aid)
had been marketed since 1979. Doxylamine is primarily used as the succinic acid salt, doxylamine succinate. It is the sedating ingredient of NyQuil (generally
Doxylamine
Beer deterioration due to wrong production process or storage conditions
control the content of butyric acid. Isovaleric acid is an acid produced by mixing octanoic acid in the oxidation of alpha acids in beer, which causes the
Beer_fault
Organic compound used as flavouring and analgesic
alcohol. It is oxidised to menthone by oxidising agents such as chromic acid, dichromate, or by calcium hypochlorite, in a green chemistry route. Under
Menthol
Benzodiazepine medication
, borneol) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol) Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
Alprazolam
Fatty acid with fewer than six carbon atoms
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms. Derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, SCFAs
Short-chain_fatty_acid
Triazolobenzodiazepine sleep medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Triazolam
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
significantly more likely to exhibit hyperosmia to the chemical isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid was shown to be a ligand of OR11H7. Olfactory receptor GRCm38:
OR11H7
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well
Methanol
Benzodiazepine sedative
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Flunitrazepam
Class of enzymes
PMID 6401713. Tanaka K, Budd MA, Efron ML, Isselbacher KJ (1966). "Isovaleric acidemia: a new genetic defect of leucine metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad
Isovaleryl-CoA_dehydrogenase
Species of plant
Yarrow contains isovaleric acid, salicylic acid, asparagine, sterols, and flavonoids. It also contains phenolic acids such as gallic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxy
Achillea_millefolium
Chemical compound
Mefenamic acid is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives (or fenamate) class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and is used to treat
Mefenamic_acid
Italian hard cheese
compounds, including various aldehydes and butyrates. Butyric acid and isovaleric acid together are sometimes used to imitate the dominant aromas. Parmigiano
Parmesan
Benzodiazepine used for severe insomnia
temazepam is to increase the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor. This causes sedation, motor impairment, ataxia
Temazepam
Medication for parasite infestations
1038/ncomms2924. PMID 23728580. Kim SG, Kim BK, Kim K, Fang S (December 2016). "Bile Acid Nuclear Receptor Farnesoid X Receptor: Therapeutic Target for Nonalcoholic
Ivermectin
Sleep medication
4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent
Zolpidem
Medication
Alkaline hydrolysis of the nitrile group into an amide group, and subsequent acidic cyclization of the product affords the desired glutethimide (4). Glutethimide
Glutethimide
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Chloral_betaine
One of four stable isomers of butanediol
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid first synthesized in 1890 via acidic hydrolysis of N,N'-dinitro-1,4-butanediamine by Dutch chemist Pieter Johannes
1,4-Butanediol
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Tetrabarbital
Muscle relaxant medication
depressant and derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Baclofen is a potent GABAB receptor agonist, antispasmodic, and skeletal
Baclofen
Antidepressant medication
the corresponding carboxylic acid (4), reduction to the alcohol (5) allows for mirtazapine (6) to be synthesised via an acid mediated cyclisation. Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine
Hypnotic medication
it increases the transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, via positive allosteric modulation
Zopiclone
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules
Nucleotide
Chemical compound
rise to trans-cinnamic acid. In the second step, 4-coumarate–CoA ligase (4CL) converts cinnamic acid to cinnamoyl-CoA by an acid–thiol ligation. 4CL uses
Cinnamaldehyde
Class of psychoactive drugs
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Nonbenzodiazepine
Benzodiazepine sedative
works by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Diazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche. It has been one
Diazepam
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Fluclotizolam
Genus of flowering plants
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Cannabis
Active ingredient in fermented drinks
itself is not highly toxic, but its metabolites formaldehyde and formic acid are; therefore, to reduce the rate of production and concentration of these
Alcohol_(drug)
alfalfa Oleanolic acid: American pokeweed, honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, cloves, and many other Syzygium species Ursolic acid: apples, basil, bilberries
List of phytochemicals in food
List_of_phytochemicals_in_food
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID