AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
Search references for EXOGENOUS BACTERIA. Phrases containing EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
See searches and references containing EXOGENOUS BACTERIA!
Search references for EXOGENOUS BACTERIA. Phrases containing EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
See searches and references containing EXOGENOUS BACTERIA!EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
Microorganisms introduced to closed biological systems from the external world
Exogenous bacteria are microorganisms introduced to closed biological systems from the external world.[citation needed] They exist in aquatic and terrestrial
Exogenous_bacteria
DNA originating from outside an organism
cell's genome. Repeated experiments proved exogenous DNA integration was possible in other species of bacteria, prompting studies to extend to mammal cells
Exogenous_DNA
Disease-causing bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless
Pathogenic_bacteria
Bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad
Gram-positive_bacteria
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial
Gram-negative_bacteria
Domain of microorganisms
mutation rate. Some bacteria transfer genetic material between cells. This can occur in three main ways. First, bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their
Bacteria
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA from its surroundings. For bacterial transformation to take place, the recipient bacteria must be in a state of competence
Cyanobacteria
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
humans, animals, and plants. Any microbe can develop resistance, including bacteria (antibiotic resistance), viruses (antiviral resistance), parasites (antiparasitic
Antimicrobial_resistance
Microorganisms in or on human skin and biofluids
protects the biliary tract from colonization by exogenous microorganisms. The presence of viable bacteria in the bloodstream can provoke strong immune activation
Human_microbiome
Molecule triggering an immune response
The immune system's response to exogenous antigens is often subclinical. By endocytosis or phagocytosis, exogenous antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting
Antigen
Medical condition
loss of the eye itself. Infection can be caused by bacteria or fungi, and is classified as exogenous (infection introduced by direct inoculation as in
Endophthalmitis
Species of bacterium
able to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate exogenous sequence information into their genome by homologous recombination. These bacteria can employ a predatory
Streptococcus_mitis
Microorganisms living in the fruit fly
Simon AF, Benzer S (August 2004). "Drosophila lifespan enhancement by exogenous bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Microbiome in the Drosophila gut
Microbiome_in_the_Drosophila_gut
bacterial cell to Fe(III). These shuttles, which can be endogenous or exogenous, cycle between reduced and oxidized states. Common examples include humic
Dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria
Dissimilatory_iron_reducing_bacteria
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are bacteria that are resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs, making them hard to treat. MDR bacteria have seen
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Type of bacterial reproduction by DNA transfer
Transformation, the uptake of exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment. Transduction, the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria. Conjugation, the
Bacterial_recombination
Polymer in bacterial cell walls
Göttig, Stephan; Cava, Felipe; Drescher, Knut (January 2025). "Bacteria use exogenous peptidoglycan as a danger signal to trigger biofilm formation".
Peptidoglycan
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
components of the outermost membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella with a common structural architecture.
Lipopolysaccharide
Organic acid
or to CO2 and water for the production of ATP. Information regarding exogenous lactate can be found on a separate page. Lactate production and export
Lactic_acid
Order of bacteria
Wilhelm & Stephen J. Giovannoni (April 2008). "SAR11 marine bacteria require exogenous reduced sulfur for growth". Nature. 452 (7188): 741–4. Bibcode:2008Natur
Pelagibacterales
Genus of bacteria
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria within the Lactobacillaceae family. Members of the genus are aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic
Lactobacillus
originating from the oral and gastrointestinal bacterial flora, and exogenous, originating from breached skin following trauma. The organisms causing
Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation
Treatment_of_infections_after_exposure_to_ionizing_radiation
Biological process
unicellular organisms without cell nuclei, such as bacteria and archaea. However, some processes in bacteria, including bacterial conjugation, transformation
Sexual_reproduction
Genetic alteration of a cell by uptake of genetic material from the environment
bacterial cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For
Genetic_transformation
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance which is active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial
Antibiotic
Nutritional chemicals that help growth of microorganisms
food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The most common environment concerning their effects on human
Prebiotic_(nutrition)
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created
Horizontal_gene_transfer
microenvironments that favour different types of microorganisms. Anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity include: Actinomyces, Arachnia (Propionibacterium propionicus)
Oral_microbiology
Physiological function of microbiomes
by endogenous microbial populations that conferred protection against exogenous pathogens attempting to colonize the gut flora. It has been observed that
Colonization_resistance
Hormone released by the pineal gland
indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. Its discovery in 1958 by Aaron B. Lerner and colleagues
Melatonin
Medical condition of excess body fat
Obesity is a medical condition, considered a disease by multiple organizations, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can
Obesity
Trait that is characterized by being more harmful than helpful
could be caused by changes in trait distribution from genetic loading, exogenous environmental changes in the fitness landscape, or feedback in eco-plasticity
Maladaptation
Decomposition of meat by microorganisms
exogenously spoiled by bacteria or fungi after the death of the animal. One source of infectious organisms is bacteraemia, the presence of bacteria in
Meat_spoilage
Infection that develops from a pre-existing condition
serious and can be caused by a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Under normal conditions, such as in humans with
Opportunistic_infection
Genus of bacteria and the disease it can cause
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, which have a characteristic curved-rod (comma) shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection
Vibrio
Inflammation of the lips
cheilitis can be either acute or chronic. Most cheilitis is caused by exogenous factors such as dryness (chapping) and acute sun exposure. Allergic tests
Cheilitis
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems. Mammalian
Infection
Subsystem of the immune system
APC first encountered the antigen. Dendritic cells engulf exogenous pathogens, such as bacteria, parasites or toxins in the tissues and then migrate, via
Adaptive_immune_system
Biochemical assembly for transporting hydrophobic lipid molecules
pathways, exogenous and endogenous, depending in large part on whether the lipoprotein particles in question are composed chiefly of dietary (exogenous) lipids
Lipoprotein
Phylum of Gram-negative bacteria
Pseudomonadota (synonym "Proteobacteria") is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include both pathogenic and free-living (non-parasitic) genera. The
Pseudomonadota
Fifth stage of death
spontaneous process. Protein hydrolysis is accelerated as the anaerobic bacteria of the digestive tract consume, digest, and excrete the cellular proteins
Putrefaction
Interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering
manipulating a simpler part at the preceding level. Optimizing these exogenous pathways in unnatural systems takes iterative fine-tuning of the individual
Synthetic_biology
Ability of a cell to take up DNA
efficiency refers to the ability of a cell to take up and incorporate exogenous DNA, such as plasmids, during a process called transformation. The efficiency
Transformation_efficiency
Protein family
peptidase family S1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ecotin has an exogenous target, possibly neutrophil elastase. Ecotin from E. coli, Yersinia pestis
Ecotin
cell migration, they have antiangiogenic effects. They are endogenous or exogenous. The most notorious endogenous metalloproteinases are tissue inhibitors
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
Matrix_metalloproteinase_inhibitor
Species of bacterium
nucleatum. Natural competence involves three principal stages: (1) Uptake of exogenous DNA and transport to the cytoplasm, (2) homologous DNA that has been taken
Fusobacterium_nucleatum
Species of bacterium
together as a group, called the mutans streptococci. This grouping of similar bacteria with similar tropism can also be seen in the viridans streptococci – of
Streptococcus_mutans
Infection by a pathogen of non-human origin
can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as emergent viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were
Zoonosis
Group of dehydrogenase enzymes
in evolution, an effective method for eliminating both endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde was important and this capacity has conserved the ancestral
Alcohol_dehydrogenase
Growth of an organism from a seed or spore
growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant
Germination
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
is any illness resulting from the contamination of food by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites, as well as prions (the agents of mad cow disease)
Foodborne_illness
Species of bacterium
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus. S. pneumoniae cells
Streptococcus_pneumoniae
Lymph node disease
immune system of some people may be sensitized by exposure to a living exogenous irritant such as a bacterial or viral infection, which then results in
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
Persistent_generalized_lymphadenopathy
Green bile pigment
of the first bacteriophytochrome-based probe required addition of the exogenous biliverdin. Recent studies demonstrated that bacteriophytochrome-based
Biliverdin
Reaction occurring within an organism as a defence against a pathogen
defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths
Immune_response
Chemical compound
produced by Atelopus zeteki itself, but is instead acquired from exogenous bacteria associated with the frog's diet. However, Atelopus zeteki is classified
Zetekitoxin_AB
Japanese microbiologist
commercial probiotic. In the 1930, he identified a strain of lactic acid bacteria that is part of normal gut flora that he originally called Lactobacillus
Minoru_Shirota
Bodily function of expelling intestinal gas from the anus
Intestinal gas is composed of varying quantities of exogenous sources and endogenous sources. The exogenous gases are swallowed (aerophagia) when eating or
Flatulence
Species of bacterium
Finegoldia magna is a species of anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria in the family Peptoniphilaceae. It is the type species of the genus Finegoldia and a
Finegoldia_magna
Therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
produces additional phages. Phages are very selective in the strains of bacteria they are effective against. Advantages include reduced side effects and
Phage_therapy
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human
Fecal–oral_route
Raised body temperature caused by disease
example of a class of exogenous pyrogens are bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. According to one mechanism
Fever
Transmission of information
the selection of seeds by ants for their ant gardens and the pruning of exogenous vegetation as well as plant protection by ants. Some animal species also
Communication
Antibiotic
works by blocking folate metabolism via dihydrofolate reductase in some bacteria, preventing creation of bacterial DNA and RNA and leading to bacterial
Trimethoprim
exoelectrogenic activity has been observed in the following strains of bacteria without an exogenous mediator: Shewanella putrefaciens IR-1, Clostridium butyricum
Exoelectrogen
Organism altered by genetic engineering
"Growth and nutritional trials on transgenic Nile tilapia containing an exogenous fish growth hormone gene". Journal of Fish Biology. 59 (1): 62–78. Bibcode:2001JFBio
Genetically_modified_organism
Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in soil and vegetation, and is known for its ability to form a small
Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
Sporulation_in_Bacillus_subtilis
Nursing diagnosis
pathogenic agent (e.g., viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, or other parasites) from endogenous or exogenous sources. The diagnosis was approved by NANDA
Risk_of_infection
Carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H
hepatic gluconeogenesis via conversion to succinyl-CoA. Additionally, exogenous propionic acid administration results in more endogenous glucose production
Propionic_acid
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
droplet contact. These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Many types of organisms live on the human body and
Contagious_disease
Antimicrobial substance or compound
distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found
Antiseptic
Vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering
has been an infection with viruses or bacteria, the antigen-presenting cell will present an endogenous or exogenous peptide fragment derived from the antigen
Antigen_presentation
Catalase-positive bacterium
proteins and polysaccharides, or the induction of 'competence' for uptake of exogenous DNA for consumption, with the occasional side-effect that new genetic
Bacillus_subtilis
Species of bacterium
microbiologist. Aliivibrio fischeri is in the family Vibrionaceae. This family of bacteria tend to have adaptable metabolisms that can adjust to diverse circumstances
Aliivibrio_fischeri
Species of bacterium
L. reuteri was recorded in scientific classifications of lactic acid bacteria, though at this time it was mistakenly grouped as a member of Lactobacillus
Limosilactobacillus_reuteri
Biochemical cofactor and antioxidant
exist. CoQ is used by and found in many organisms, including animals and bacteria. As a result, it can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as meat
Coenzyme_Q10
Introduction of foreign genetic material into a host
Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene—called a transgene—into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property
Transgenesis
Species of bacterium
Schwalbach; John W. H. Dacey; et al. (April 2008). "SAR11 marine bacteria require exogenous reduced sulfur for growth". Nature. 452 (7188): 741–4. Bibcode:2008Natur
Pelagibacter_communis
Neurotoxin
state, "[e]ndocellular symbiotic bacteria have been proposed as a possible source of eukaryotic TTX by means of an exogenous pathway", and Chau and coworkers
Tetrodotoxin
Biological rhythms researcher
gravitational, magnetic and electrical fields leading him to propose exogenous factors as controllers of biological rhythms. His work and ideas ran counter
Frank_A._Brown_Jr.
Organism that harbours another organism
viruses, or a bean plant hosting mutualistic (helpful) nitrogen-fixing bacteria. More specifically in botany, a host plant supplies food resources to micropredators
Host_(biology)
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
healthcare-associated infections occurred, from all types of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi; such infections caused or contributed to an estimated 99,000
Hospital-acquired_infection
Chemical compound, food additive and dye
"Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by structurally diverse exogenous and endogenous chemicals". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43: 309–334
Indigo_dye
Metabolic redox process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
Fermentation can be used by organisms to generate a net gain of ATP from exogenous sources of organic molecules, such as glucose. It was not a net source
Fermentation
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular
Glutathione
Gene conferring a phenotype useful for artificial selection
Selectable markers are often antibiotic resistance genes: bacteria subjected to a procedure by which exogenous DNA containing an antibiotic resistance gene (usually
Selectable_marker
Bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans
speG abrogates the unique hypersensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to exogenous polyamines". Molecular Microbiology. 82 (1). Wiley: 9–20. doi:10.1111/j
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Class of enzymes
the conditions of strong soil salinity can be achieved by administering exogenous glutamine to plants. The decrease in the level of expression of genes
Superoxide_dismutase
Species of bacterium
(singular) or gonococci (plural), is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria first isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879. An obligate human pathogen, it
Neisseria_gonorrhoeae
observed from whole photosynthetic organisms without the addition of exogenous redox-active compounds. It has been speculated that electron transfer
Biological_photovoltaics
Antibiotic medication
caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including
Linezolid
Microorganisms present in the vagina
supraphysiologic concentrations of exogenous H2O2 (0.34% w/v, 100 mM) were sufficient to inactivate BV-associated bacteria at which concentration it more
Vaginal_flora
Group of amoebae closely related to fungi
cover, while others (known as 'scaled' nucleariids) have silica-based or exogenous particles of various shapes. An exceptional nucleariid, Fonticula alba
Nucleariid
System of sexual reproduction in a population
bacterial cells can occur in three main ways. First, a bacterium can take up exogenous DNA released into the intervening medium from another bacterium by a process
Mating_system
Iron-carrying compounds
high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening
Siderophore
Cellular process
Cross-presentation is of particular importance, because it permits the presentation of exogenous antigens, which are normally presented by MHC II on the surface of dendritic
Cross-presentation
trajectory such that all variables grow at a constant rate. In the standard exogenous growth model, balanced growth is a basic assumption, while other variables
Balanced-growth_equilibrium
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi), can transfer disease to a new host. A fomite is any
Fomite
and then utilized by various methods of horizontal gene transfer. This exogenous genetic material is then taken up by the recipient cell and integrated
Exogenote
Process of introducing nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells
"transformation" is typically used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells, including plant cells. In animal cells
Transfection
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA
EXOGENOUS BACTERIA