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See searches and references containing EXOGENOUS DNA!EXOGENOUS DNA
DNA originating from outside an organism
Exogenous DNA is DNA originating outside the organism of concern or study. Exogenous DNA can be found naturally in the form of partially degraded fragments
Exogenous_DNA
Fact of an action or object originating externally
the body. DNA introduced to cells via transfection or viral transduction is an exogenous factor. Exogenous factors in DNA, particularly DNA damage, are
Exogeny
Biological process
as the DNA sequence. Ionizing radiation and reactive oxygen species often oxidize guanine to produce 8-oxoguanine.[citation needed] Exogenous DNA damage
Mutagenesis
Ability of a cell to take up DNA
efficiency refers to the ability of a cell to take up and incorporate exogenous DNA, such as plasmids, during a process called transformation. The efficiency
Transformation_efficiency
Gene editing method
targeted DNA damage and repair. HDR employs the use of similar DNA sequences to drive the repair of the break via the incorporation of exogenous DNA to function
CRISPR_gene_editing
Device used in genetic engineering
gun or biolistic particle delivery system is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to cells. By coating particles of a heavy
Gene_gun
Catalase-positive bacterium
and polysaccharides, or the induction of 'competence' for uptake of exogenous DNA for consumption, with the occasional side-effect that new genetic information
Bacillus_subtilis
Molecular biology technique
internalize exogenous DNA and transport it into an oocyte during fertilization to produce genetically modified animals.1 Exogenous DNA refers to DNA that originates
Sperm-mediated_gene_transfer
Type of bacterial reproduction by DNA transfer
exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment. Transduction, the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria. Conjugation, the transfer of DNA from
Bacterial_recombination
Species of fungus
could be used to insert exogenous DNA into the chromosome to produce mutant strains. This relies on inserting exogenous DNA and restriction enzymes into
Coprinopsis_cinerea
Cellular mechanism
base of DNA Di adduct damage Damage caused by exogenous agents comes in many forms. Some examples are: Absorption of UV light directly by DNA induces
DNA_repair
Genetic alteration of a cell by uptake of genetic material from the environment
bacterium. Competence refers to a temporary state of being able to take up exogenous DNA from the environment; it may be induced in a laboratory. It appears
Genetic_transformation
DNA sampled from the environment rather than directly from an individual organism
demonstrated by the charity Science for All with the 'Wild DNA' project. Circulating free DNA Exogenous DNA Extracellular RNA RNAs present in environmental samples
Environmental_DNA
Tumor or other abnormal growth of tissue
Additional DNA damages can arise from exposure to exogenous agents. Tobacco smoke causes increased exogenous DNA damage, and these DNA damages are the
Neoplasm
Species of bacterium
involves three principal stages: (1) Uptake of exogenous DNA and transport to the cytoplasm, (2) homologous DNA that has been taken up can integrate into the
Fusobacterium_nucleatum
Phenomenon in genetics
In genetics, crosslinking of DNA occurs when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two nucleotides of DNA, forming a covalent linkage between
Crosslinking_of_DNA
Theory of heredity
incorporation of the DNA released by spermatozoa into maternal somatic cells, the presence of fetal DNA in maternal blood, incorporation of exogenous DNA into somatic
Telegony_(inheritance)
Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation
Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
Y-DNA_haplogroups_by_ethnic_group
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
breaks can initiate gene silencing and SIRT1-dependent onset of DNA methylation in an exogenous promoter CpG island". PLOS Genetics. 4 (8) e1000155. doi:10
Epigenetics
Biological process
bacterial species. For a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state referred
Sexual_reproduction
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
developmental process. In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must become competent, that is, enter a special
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Damage in DNA which occurs naturally
breaks can initiate gene silencing and SIRT1-dependent onset of DNA methylation in an exogenous promoter CpG island". PLOS Genetics. 4 (8) e1000155. doi:10
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)
The ability of a cell to successfully incorporate exogenous DNA, or competency, is determined by competence factors. These factors consist of certain
Competence_factor
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA from its surroundings. For bacterial transformation to take place, the
Cyanobacteria
Genetic modification technique
RNAs produced from the exogenous DNA inserts serve as a template sequence that other Cas proteins use to silence this same exogenous sequence. The transcripts
Gene_knockdown
Species of bacterium
transformation. Thus S. mitis cells are able to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate exogenous sequence information into their genome by homologous recombination
Streptococcus_mitis
DMD DNA DNA bank DNA clone DNA cloning DNA fingerprint DNA glycosylase DNA gyrase DNA hybridization DNA ligase DNA marker DNA polymerase DNA probe DNA repair
Index_of_genetics_articles
Formation of cancer
article DNA damage (naturally occurring)). Additional DNA damage can arise from exposure to exogenous agents. As one example of an exogenous carcinogenic
Carcinogenesis
Type of chromosome
DNA damage or strand break when cells are grown under normal laboratory conditions (without an exogenous DNA damaging treatment). The encountered DNA
Circular_chromosome
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in the Caucasus or Iran. The clade spread from
Haplogroup_J_(Y-DNA)
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup R, or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is both numerous and widespread among modern populations. Some descendant subclades have
Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)
Genetically engineered chromosome derived from the DNA of yeast
Burke DT, Carle GF, Olson MV (May 1987). "Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors". Science. 236
Yeast_artificial_chromosome
Genus of bacteria and the disease it can cause
adaptation for DNA transfer that employs numerous bacterial gene products. For a recipient bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its
Vibrio
Chemical compound
Upton, P. B.; Nakamura, J.; Starr, T. B. (2011). "Endogenous versus Exogenous DNA Adducts: Their Role in Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology, and Risk Assessment"
8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine
Species of bacteria
bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their surroundings. If there is sufficient sequence identity between the transforming DNA and the genome of the
Acinetobacter_baylyi
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde
Upton, P. B.; Nakamura, J.; Starr, T. B. (2011). "Endogenous versus Exogenous DNA Adducts: Their Role in Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology, and Risk Assessment"
Formaldehyde
Type of paternal lineage
high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"
Haplogroup_R1b
Species of bacterium
transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer. In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine exogenous DNA into its genome it must enter a special
Haemophilus_parainfluenzae
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia are haplogroups of the male Y-chromosome found in South Asian populations. South Asia, located on the crossroads
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
Y-DNA_haplogroups_in_populations_of_South_Asia
Species of bacterium
recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state called competence. Competence in S. pneumoniae is induced by DNA-damaging
Streptococcus_pneumoniae
Shuffling of genetic material
exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment. Transduction, the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria. Conjugation, the transfer of DNA from
Genetic_recombination
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1, is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209 (commonly known as haplogroup J) along with its sibling
Haplogroup_J-M267
populations from West Asia, Egypt and South Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
Y-DNA_haplogroups_in_populations_of_the_Near_East
Family of viruses
all viral genes in the integrated HTLV proviral DNA. Exogenous retroviruses are infectious RNA- or DNA-containing viruses that are transmitted from one
Retrovirus
DNA located in mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA or mtDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from organic compounds
Mitochondrial_DNA
Gene conferring a phenotype useful for artificial selection
foreign DNA into a cell. Selectable markers are often antibiotic resistance genes: bacteria subjected to a procedure by which exogenous DNA containing
Selectable_marker
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"
Haplogroup_J-M172
the DNA within a human cell upstream from the latent EPO gene. This different exogenous control sequence DNA had to be inserted into the human DNA at exactly
Kirin-Amgen Inc v Hoechst Marion Roussel Ltd
Kirin-Amgen_Inc_v_Hoechst_Marion_Roussel_Ltd
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT), also known as O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase AGT, is a protein that in humans is encoded
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine_methyltransferase
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup R1a (R-M420), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central
Haplogroup_R1a
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists
Haplogroup_F-M89
DNA inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
disruptive endogenous and exogenous sources. Eukaryotes have evolved a diverse set of DNA repair processes that remove nuclear DNA damages. These repair processes
Nuclear_DNA
Species of bacterium
transferring DNA from one individual cell to another. The process of natural transformation allows the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA into the
Aliivibrio_fischeri
Domain of microorganisms
bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their environment in a process called transformation. Many bacteria can naturally take up DNA from the environment
Bacteria
Species of bilaterians with a simple body plan
contain exogenous DNA corresponding to bivalve mollusks, the vesicomyid Acila castrensis, and Nucula nucleus. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA and protein
Xenoturbella_japonica
System of sexual reproduction in a population
recombination. Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells can occur in three main ways. First, a bacterium can take up exogenous DNA released into the intervening
Mating_system
Species of moss
organisms with highly efficient homologous recombination. meaning that an exogenous DNA sequence can be targeted to a specific genomic position (a technique
Physcomitrella_patens
Disease-causing bacteria
bacterial adaptation for transferring DNA from one cell to another. This process includes the uptake of exogenous DNA from a donor cell by a recipient cell
Pathogenic_bacteria
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common among Native Americans
Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has two primary subclades: Q1/Q-L472 (also known as Q-MEH2) and Q2/Q-L275). These include
Haplogroup_Q-M242
Introduction of foreign genetic material into host cells
on in 1943 by Avery et al. who showed cellular phenotype change via exogenous DNA exposure. There are a variety of methods available to deliver genes
Gene_delivery
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in western Eurasia
high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"
Haplogroup_G-M201
Species of bacterium
sexual reproduction. For a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state termed
Streptococcus_mutans
Species of bacterium
genetic transformation. S. oralis cells are able to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate exogenous sequence information into their genomes by homologous recombination
Streptococcus_oralis
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping found primarily in Asia
high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"
Haplogroup_C-M130
Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary
Haplogroup_R1
Cell cycle phase in meiosis I
depending on the meiotic stage: From leptotene to early pachytene, exogenous DNA damage triggers widespread presence of the repair protein gammaH2AX
Leptotene_stage
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup P also known as P-PF5850 or K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics, it forms a clade within Haplogroup K2b (K-P331). Its sister
Haplogroup_P_(Y-DNA)
Species of bilaterians with a simple body plan
Tissues contain exogenous DNA corresponding to a bivalve mollusk, the vesicomyid Calyptogena pacifica. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA and protein sequences
Xenoturbella_churro
Cancer of the colon or rectum
pathologic changes in pre-neoplastic cells but also the influence of exogenous environmental factors and molecular changes in the local microenvironment
Colorectal_cancer
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The unique-event polymorphism that defines this clade is the single-nucleotide
Haplogroup_T-M184
Y-chromosome haplogroup
High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists"
Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country
Haplogroup_G_(Y-DNA)_by_country
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in South Asia and the Mediterranean
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup K and a primary
Haplogroup_L-M20
specialized transduction, which can affect the frequency of the transduction. Exogenous DNA Horizontal Gene Transfer Transformation Transduction Conjugation Plasmid
Exogenote
Heritable characteristics affecting learning
L, Upton PB, Nakamura J, Starr TB (March 2011). "Endogenous versus exogenous DNA adducts: their role in carcinogenesis, epidemiology, and risk assessment"
Epigenetics in learning and memory
Epigenetics_in_learning_and_memory
Molecular biology sequencing technique
including the DNA sequence, endogenous DNA methylation states, and a protein occupancy map. While both major components of this method, exogenous DNA methylation
Fiber-Seq
measure the DNA repair capacity of cell of a particular DNA alteration. In the HCR assay the ability of an intact cell to repair exogenous DNA is measured
Host-cell_reactivation
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), also known as H-L901/M2939, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. The primary branch H1 (H-M69) and its subclades is one of the most predominant
Haplogroup_H_(Y-DNA)
Species of bilaterians with a simple body plan
Tissues contain exogenous DNA corresponding to a bivalve mollusk, the vesicomyid Archivesica gigas. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA and protein sequences
Xenoturbella_profunda
and polysaccharides, or the induction of 'competence' for uptake of exogenous DNA for consumption, with the occasional side-effect that new genetic information
Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
Sporulation_in_Bacillus_subtilis
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists"
Haplogroup_R-M124
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2 (and previously as C3), is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup
Haplogroup_C-M217
Process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid
BC, Gao L, Upton PB, Nakamura J, Starr TB (2011). "Endogenous versus exogenous DNA adducts: their role in carcinogenesis, epidemiology, and risk assessment"
DNA_oxidation
usually to indicate the success of a procedure meant to introduce exogenous DNA into a host cell such as transfection or transformation. A common example
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Production of protein in a cell-free system
to make and are not currently an economical solution to the issue of exogenous DNA degradation. Common cell extracts in use today are made from E. coli
Cell-free_protein_synthesis
Sporadic biological phenomenon at the molecular scale
makes assuming that exogenous damaging agents (for example, ionizing radiation and chemical genotoxic agents) increase the rate of mtDNA escape into the cytoplasm
Nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment
Nuclear_mitochondrial_DNA_segment
Introduction of foreign genetic material into a host
Transgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene—called a transgene—into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property
Transgenesis
Gene group
high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"
Haplogroup_R-M269
Chemical compound
Upton, P. B.; Nakamura, J.; Starr, T. B. (2011). "Endogenous versus Exogenous DNA Adducts: Their Role in Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology, and Risk Assessment"
Chloroacetaldehyde
British molecular biologist
with colleagues Gerard Marbaix and John Gurdon discovered the oocyte exogenous mRNA expression system – a system that not only reveals aspects of the
Charles_Daniel_Lane
Signaling molecule enabling detection and response to cell-population density
was first described in the 1930s. In order for a bacterium to take up exogenous DNA from its surroundings, it must become competent. In S. pneumoniae, a
Autoinducer
DNA methyltransferase enzyme
in Spiroplasma might be to protect its genome against endogenous or exogenous DNA cleavage. M.SssI is a valuable tool in molecular biology and epigenetics
CpG_methyltransferase
Molecule triggering an immune response
The immune system's response to exogenous antigens is often subclinical. By endocytosis or phagocytosis, exogenous antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting
Antigen
Species of bilaterians with a simple body plan
contain exogenous DNA corresponding to bivalve mollusks, the vesicomyid Archivesica diagonalis and Calyptogena pacifica. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA and
Xenoturbella_monstrosa
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"
Haplogroup_G-M377
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common
Haplogroup_Q-M120
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
instead of moving to another location in the genome, they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that not all ERVs may have originated as an
Endogenous_retrovirus
RNA-based gene silencing process
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences
RNA-directed_DNA_methylation
The most frequent method for generating transgenic worms is to inject exogenous DNA into the syncytial germ line; biolistic transformation can also be used
History of research on Caenorhabditis elegans
History_of_research_on_Caenorhabditis_elegans
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
of DNA to exogenous chemicals and internal metabolites that can cause recombinogenic lesions, homologous recombination of a particular DNA sequence may
Transcription_(biology)
Species of bacterium
Celsius. Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 can readily take up exogenous DNA, in addition to up taking DNA via electroporation, ultrasonic transformation and conjugation
Synechocystis_sp._PCC_6803
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA
EXOGENOUS DNA