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Financial risk
Endogenous risk, as opposed to exogenous risk, is a type of financial risk that is created by the interaction of market participants internal to the financial
Endogenous_risk
South Korean economist (born 1959)
credited with coining the term endogenous risk, with his co-author Jon Danielsson which as opposed to exogenous risk, captures shocks to the financial
Hyun-Song_Shin
Icelandic economist
Hyun Song Shin he is credited with coining the term endogenous risk. Danielsson claims such risks are the cause of most financial crises. Danielsson received
Jon_Danielsson
Type of clinical depression
Endogenous depression is an atypical subclass of major depressive disorder (clinical depression). It could be caused by genetic and biological factors
Endogenous_depression
are divided into four different areas: Endogenous Risk Amplification Mechanisms Policy Responses Identifying Risk SRC Research is disseminated through events
Systemic_Risk_Centre
Risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market
study of systemic risk. It finds that systemic risk is a form of endogenous risk, hence frustrating empirical measurements of systemic risk. According to
Systemic_risk
Hormones and neuropeptides
Endorphins (contracted from endogenous morphine) are peptides produced in the brain that block the perception of pain and increase feelings of well-being
Endorphins
Medical condition in which the gut produces excess alcohol
Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) (also known as gut fermentation syndrome or endogenous ethanol fermentation) is an extremely rare and underdiagnosed medical
Auto-brewery_syndrome
Hypothetical interest rate on a risk-free investment
In a system with an endogenous money supply the 'monetary authorities' may be private agents as well as the central bank. "Risk-Free Rate of Return"
Risk-free_rate
Economic theory
trades endogenously risky, consistent with the premise of the adaptive market hypothesis that the risk and returns are determined endogenously as different
Adaptive_market_hypothesis
Chilean macroeconomist (born 1959)
Review of Economic Studies 88.6 (November 2021): 2570–2621 A Model of Endogenous Risk Intolerance and LSAPs: Asset Prices and Aggregate Demand in a "Covid-19"
Ricardo_J._Caballero
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant
Endogenous_retrovirus
Measure of excess
; Sims, Charles; Warziniack, Travis (2010). "Invasive Species and Endogenous Risk". Annual Review of Resource Economics. 2 (1). Annual Reviews: 77–100
Risk_premium
Sex hormone
Progesterone (/proʊˈdʒɛstəroʊn/ ; P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis
Progesterone
Nursing diagnosis
are at an elevated risk and extra infection controls should be considered. The risk of infection depends on a number of endogenous sources. Chronic blood
Risk_of_infection
Class of drug
hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl; antagonist drugs such as naloxone; and endogenous peptides such as endorphins. The terms opiate and narcotic are sometimes
Opioid
Autoimmune disease
therapy, which is an oral medication identical in molecular structure to endogenous thyroxine (T4). Levothyroxine sodium has a sodium salt added to increase
Hashimoto's_thyroiditis
Medical condition
reduce the risk of the person losing vision in the eye. Treatment options depend on the cause and whether the condition is caused by an endogenous or exogenous
Endophthalmitis
Type of financial instrument
bank faces high incentives for risk shifting. Accordingly, this feature ensures a preventive effect on endogenous risk creation, unlike any other form
Contingent_convertible_bond
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
ability to produce cholesterol endogenously, thereby reducing LDL-cholesterol levels in the blood. This reduced endogenous cholesterol production triggers
Atherosclerosis
Chance over time of a medical condition
disease by the total time at risk from all patients: Incidence rate = number of subjects developing a disease total time at risk for whole population to get
Incidence_(epidemiology)
Number of disease cases in a given population at a specific time
population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived
Prevalence
Evolution of the basic supply chain
categories, Endogenous uncertainty and Exogenous uncertainty. An uncertainty can be categorized as 'endogenous' when the origin of the risk is within the
Supply_chain_network
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
introduce new risk profiles that require adaptive risk assessment and modernized regulations. Maintaining public trust will also demand transparent risk communication
Foodborne_illness
Infection transmitted through human sexual behavior
manual sex. STIs often do not initially cause symptoms, which results in a risk of transmitting them to others. The term sexually transmitted infection is
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually_transmitted_infection
Transplantation of cells or tissue across species
pose risks. Of particular concern are PERVs (porcine endogenous retroviruses), vertically transmitted microbes that embed in swine genomes. The risks with
Xenotransplantation
Occurs when a reservoir population causes an epidemic in a novel host population
integration of the microbe genome with the human genome, as is the case of endogenous viruses. The closer the two target host species are in phylogenetic terms
Spillover_infection
Infectious disease = Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
a source (an infected host or a reservoir) to a new susceptible host. Endogenous transmission – the spread of infectious agents within a single host organism
Outline of infectious disease concepts
Outline_of_infectious_disease_concepts
Medical condition
January 2021). "The Impacts of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Disease Risk". Annual Review of Entomology. 66 (1): 373–388. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-052720-094533
Tick-borne_disease
Chemical compound
of testosterone.[citation needed] Enclomiphene, which stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone, is not currently known to have common adverse
Enclomifene
Medical condition
inhalation of oil. Sources of these lipoids could be either exogenous or endogenous. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia refers to lipoid pneumonia caused by something
Lipid_pneumonia
Formation of blood clots inside the blood vessels
Thrombosis prevention is initiated with assessing the risk for its development. Some people have a higher risk of developing thrombosis and its possible development
Thrombosis
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
rhythms can refer to any process that originates within an organism (i.e., endogenous) and responds to the environment (is entrained by the environment). Circadian
Circadian_rhythm
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
Antibiotics may be given as a preventive measure and this is usually limited to at-risk populations such as those with a weakened immune system (particularly in
Antibiotic
Pharmaceutical drug
aminopeptidase than human GHRH. It stimulates the synthesis and release of endogenous GH, with an increase in level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). The
Tesamorelin
Practices performed to preserve health
domestic animals, and home health care (the care of those who are at greater risk of infection). At present, these components of hygiene tend to be regarded
Hygiene
First documented patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation
period Modes Endogenous Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm
Index_case
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
recipient is required to eliminate regulatory T cells as well as unmodified, endogenous lymphocytes that compete with the transferred cells for homeostatic cytokines
Immunotherapy
Loss of hair from areas on the body
alters immune response, as seen in other inflammatory skin conditions. Endogenous retinoids metabolic defect is a key part of the pathogenesis of the alopecia
Alopecia_areata
The gene known as HCP5 (HLA Complex P5) is a human endogenous retrovirus, meaning that it is a fossil of an ancient virus that at one time infected people
HCP5
Preventive medical treatment after exposure
symptoms, versus 9.0% in the control group, representing a 67% reduction in risk. In September 2025, the FDA accepted a New Drug Application from the manufacturer
Post-exposure_prophylaxis
Overview article
associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. A number of circumstances which increase exposure to endogenous estrogens including
Risk factors for breast cancer
Risk_factors_for_breast_cancer
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
are some examples of illnesses easily spread by contaminated fomites. The risk of infection by these diseases and others through fomites can be greatly
Fomite
Medical condition
blood-borne diseases can also be contracted by other means, including high-risk sexual behavior or intravenous drug use. These diseases have also been identified
Blood-borne_disease
Scientific discipline
cutting the insides of the body. Children and the elderly are at the highest risk of being harmed by food contamination due to their weaker immune systems
Food_safety
Uncertainty in profitability and operations
events taking place outside the organization): Internal risks arise from factors (endogenous variables, which can be influenced) such as: human factors
Business_risks
Disease which is constantly present in an area
Endemic COVID-19 could be mild if previously acquired immunity reduces the risk of death and disability during future infections, but in itself endemicity
Endemic_(epidemiology)
Gastrointestinal peptide hormone involved in glucose homeostasis
approval as drugs to treat diabetes and obesity starting in the 2000s. Endogenous GLP-1 is rapidly degraded primarily by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
Glucagon-like_peptide-1
Viral elements in human DNA
Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (HERV-W) is a family of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are part of a superfamily of repetitive and transposable
Human_endogenous_retrovirus-W
Active ingredient in fermented drinks
alcohol ingestion are the result of increased levels of dopamine and endogenous opioids in the reward pathways of the brain. After oral ingestion, ethanol
Alcohol_(drug)
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
period Modes Endogenous Endogenous overgrowth Normal flora overgrowth Endogenous reactivation Endogenization Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm
Fecal–oral_route
Act of cleaning one's hands
from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage, which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection. The United States Centers for Disease
Hand_washing
Antimicrobial substance or compound
solvent) is considered a safe and effective antiseptic for reducing the risk of infection after clean surgery, including tourniquet-controlled upper limb
Antiseptic
Class of anti-diabetic and anti-obesity medication
GLP-1 analogs are molecules that are structurally almost identical to the endogenous GLP-1 hormone. Incretin mimetics are substances that mimic the actions
GLP-1_receptor_agonist
Statistic in epidemiology
In epidemiology, the attack rate is the proportion of an at-risk population that contracts the disease during a specified time interval. It is used in
Attack_rate
Symptoms from excessive exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol
associated with elevated cortisol, and may be early indicators of exogenous or endogenous Cushing's. Depression and anxiety disorders are also common. Other striking
Cushing's_syndrome
Agent that carries and transmits pathogens
human rabies deaths in parts of Africa and Asia. Mammals also shape the risk of vector-borne diseases by providing blood meals for arthropods that transmit
Disease_vector
American economist
incorporating life, death, and birth into economic models. Jones first worked on endogenous growth models with his 1994 publication on its origins. Growth theory
Charles_I._Jones
Abnormal transformation of bodily tissue into intestinal tissue
Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Payne CM, Dvorak K (July 2009). "Bile acids as endogenous etiologic agents in gastrointestinal cancer". World J Gastroenterol. 15
Intestinal_metaplasia
Compounds found in cannabis
discovery of the first cannabinoid receptor in 1988, researchers identified endogenous ligands. Anandamide, derived from arachidonic acid, is a partial agonist
Cannabinoid
Psychedelic drug
5-HT1A, and 5-HT2C, which are believed to mediate its psychedelic effects. Endogenous DMT, a psychedelic compound, is naturally produced in mammals, with evidence
Dimethyltryptamine
Long-term form of skin inflammation
affected. Scratching the affected areas worsens the eczema and increases the risk of skin infections. Many people with atopic dermatitis develop hay fever
Atopic_dermatitis
Disease transmission by airborne particles
future pandemics. A layered risk-management approach to slowing the spread of a transmissible disease attempts to minimize risk through multiple layers of
Airborne_transmission
Disease that damages the myelin sheaths around nerves
response against GlialCAM, which worsened the EAE. Two members of the human endogenous retroviruses-W (HERV-W) family, namely, ERVWE1 and MS-associated retrovirus
Multiple_sclerosis
Measure of potential liquidity shortfall in a financial portfolio
Liquidity at risk (LaR) is a financial risk measure that estimates the potential net cash outflows an institution may face over a specified time horizon
Liquidity_at_risk
Therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
are effective against. Advantages include reduced side effects and reduced risk of the bacterium developing resistance, since bacteriophages are much more
Phage_therapy
Molecular gases which transmit information
molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesized internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue
Gaseous_signaling_molecules
Rare neurodegenerative disease
lifestyle choices which are in turn risk factors for ALS. Many ALS patients have substantially increased expression of endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), which
ALS
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
and abolishes the Hering–Breuer inflation reflex. It is considered that endogenous sulfur dioxide plays a significant physiological role in regulating cardiac
Sulfur_dioxide
State of low mood and aversion to activity
of underlying brain pathology, but also promoted a distinction between endogenous (internally caused) and exogenous (externally caused) types. Other psycho-dynamic
Depression_(mood)
Organic compound
in interstellar clouds. Minute quantity amounts (average 196 ppb) of endogenous ethanol and acetaldehyde were found in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers
Ethanol
Regulation designed to mitigate systemic financial risk
to financial regulation that aims to mitigate risk to the financial system as a whole (or "systemic risk"). After the 2008 financial crisis, there has
Macroprudential_regulation
Concept in mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences
"outcome variable", "output variable", "target" or "label". In economics endogenous variables are usually referencing the target. "Explanatory variable" is
Dependent and independent variables
Dependent_and_independent_variables
Risk factors related to schizophrenia
mechanisms and complex gene–environment interactions with vulnerability factors. Risk factors of schizophrenia have been identified and include genetic factors
Risk_factors_of_schizophrenia
Anti-diabetic medication
receptor agonist, derived from human GLP-1-(7-37), a less common form of endogenous GLP-1. It reduces meal-related hyperglycemia (for 24 hours after administration)
Liraglutide
Promoting health through informed choices
of comprehensive public health policies. Developed nations are at greater risk of certain public health crises, including childhood obesity, although overweight
Public_health
Organism that harbours another organism
an advantage over polyphagous species. However, this puts them at greater risk of extinction if their chosen hosts suffer setbacks. Monophagous species
Host_(biology)
Population or environment in which a pathogen naturally lives and reproduces
outbreak reporting systems, and community based strategies to reduce high risk exposure at the human animal interface. Climate change is increasingly recognized
Natural_reservoir
Medical diagnostic method
time to peak; corresponds to first derivative of this part of curve) Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP; area under the curve of the thrombin generation
Thrombin_generation_assay
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
suited for the research into the contagious pathogens due to the reduced risk of transmission afforded by a remote or isolated location. The basic reproduction
Contagious_disease
Central nervous system stimulant
produces competitive reuptake inhibition, since amphetamine competes with endogenous monoamines for transporter-mediated clearance from the synaptic cleft
Amphetamine
Antifungal medication
versicolor. It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those
Fluconazole
Organism which has become infected with a pathogen but displays no symptoms
elderly and those diagnosed with diabetes. Within the female population, the risk of bacteriuria increases with age. Escherichia coli is the most common organism
Asymptomatic_carrier
American immunologist (born 1940)
AIDS. He has outlined the mechanisms of induction of HIV expression by endogenous cytokines. Fauci has worked to develop strategies for the therapy and
Anthony_Fauci
Tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities
Berkson's paradox, also known as Berkson's bias, collider bias, endogenous selection bias or Berkson's fallacy, is a result in conditional probability
Berkson's_paradox
Passing of a pathogen from one organism to another
[citation needed] The fecal-oral route of transmission can be a public health risk for people in developing countries who live in urban slums without access
Pathogen_transmission
Theory of behavioral economics
returns puzzle and long swings/PPP puzzle of exchange rates through the endogenous prospect theory of Imperfect Knowledge Economics, the status quo bias
Prospect_theory
Statin medication
Ciclosporin, colchicine Drugs that may decrease the levels or activity of endogenous steroid hormones, e.g., cimetidine, ketoconazole, and spironolactone Additional
Rosuvastatin
Medical technique
protocol initial follicular recruitment and selection is undertaken by endogenous endocrine factors prior to starting the exogenous hyperstimulation. This
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Controlled_ovarian_hyperstimulation
Infection by a pathogen of non-human origin
Wild mammals adapted to urban environments can also contribute to zoonotic risk. Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease affecting mammals, including wildlife
Zoonosis
Surgical removal of the uterus
Kritz-Silverstein D, von Mühlen D (February 2000). "Hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and endogenous sex hormone levels in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study". The Journal
Hysterectomy
Disorders of adaptive immune system
evade that response. A second route to viral autoimmunity may involve endogenous viral elements, more commonly HERVs, which are remnants of ancient viruses
Autoimmune_disease
Abnormally elevated levels of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood
abnormalities are common in the general population and are regarded as modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease due to their influence on atherosclerosis
Hyperlipidemia
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
increase in prevalence in recent years[clarification needed] and pose serious risks to public health. Previously, MDR bacteria were primarily associated with
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
infections needs to be considered. Factors which render patients at greater risk of infections include: Receipt of immunosuppressive medications such as glucocorticoids
Hospital-acquired_infection
Drug that increases alertness
excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., nicotine) or by blocking the activity of endogenous agents that promote sleep (e.g., caffeine). Stimulants can affect various
Stimulant
Behavior characterized by activity during the day and sleeping during the night
within a 24-hour period; cyclic activities called circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles not dependent on external cues or environmental factors except
Diurnality
Global stock market crash
which differ in whether they emphasise on variables that are exogenous or endogenous. The first searches for exogenous factors, such as significant news events
Black_Monday_(1987)
Event that is both extremely large in effect and of unique origins
extreme risks, but not forget that significant uncertainty will almost always be present, and should be rigorously considered in decisions regarding risk management
Dragon_king_theory
Type of hormone replacement therapy with unclear efficacy
molecules are identical to endogenous human hormones. When the Women's Health Initiative's reports on the unappreciated risks of equine estrogens were released
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy
Bioidentical_hormone_replacement_therapy
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