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Heat capacity of an electron gas
state physics the electronic specific heat, sometimes called the electron heat capacity, is the specific heat of an electron gas. Heat is transported by
Electronic_specific_heat
Heat required to raise the temperature of a given unit of mass of a substance
In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol c) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in
Specific_heat_capacity
Ratio of magnetic susceptibility to specific heat term
susceptibility to the coefficient of the linear temperature term in the electronic specific heat. The relative value of the Wilson ratio, compared to the Wilson
Wilson_ratio
Intermetallic compound with 4f and 5f electrons in unfilled electron bands
the temperature range mentioned above, the electronic contribution is the major part of the specific heat. In the free electron model — a simple model
Heavy_fermion_material
Passive heat exchanger that transfers heat
A heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to
Heat_sink
Phase of matter
conventional insulator whose heat capacity is proportional to T3. When a magnetic field B is applied to SCI the specific heat depends strongly on B, contrary
Quantum_spin_liquid
Materials' resistance to heat transfer
optimizing the performance of electronic devices. Thermal conductance (G) measures the ability of a material or system to conduct heat. It provides insights into
Thermal conductance and resistance
Thermal_conductance_and_resistance
Type of energy transfer
management of electronic devices and systems Thermometer Waste heat Waste heat recovery unit Water heat recycling These "degrees of heat" were context-dependent
Heat
Mass of a particle when interacting with other particles
in the low-temperature electronic specific heat at constant volume c v {\displaystyle \scriptstyle c_{v}} . The specific heat depends on the effective
Effective mass (solid-state physics)
Effective_mass_(solid-state_physics)
Physical parameter
coefficient A should vary predominantly as the square of the linear electronic specific heat coefficient γ; in particular he showed that the ratio A/γ2 is material
Kadowaki–Woods_ratio
Chemical compound
Ichioka, Masanori; MacHida, Kazushige (2002). "Field Dependence of Electronic Specific Heat in Two-Band Superconductors". Journal of the Physical Society of
Magnesium_diboride
Applies an electric current to heat or cool materials
Thermoelectric heat pumps use the thermoelectric effect, specifically the Peltier effect, to heat or cool materials by applying an electrical current across
Thermoelectric_heat_pump
Equipment used to transfer heat between fluids
and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a
Heat_exchanger
State at which a Fermi surface has a partial energy gap in condensed matter physics
J. W. Loram; K. A. Mirza; J. R. Cooper & W. Y. Liang (1993). "Electronic specific heat of YBa2Cu3O6+x from 1.8 to 300 K". Physical Review Letters. 71
Pseudogap
Intensive quantity, heat capacity per amount of substance
mass. The SI unit of molar heat capacity is joule per kelvin per mole, J⋅K−1⋅mol−1. Like specific heat, the measured molar heat capacity of a substance,
Molar_heat_capacity
Branch of physics and electrical engineering
many others. Heat generated by electronic circuitry must be dissipated to prevent immediate failure and improve long-term reliability. Heat dissipation
Electronics
Condensed matter system
Specific heat, the heat capacity per unit mass, describes the energy required to change the temperature of a sample. The low-temperature electronic specific
Dirac_matter
monitors, and other electronic equipment. Copper is also incorporated into the bottoms of high-quality cookware because the metal conducts heat quickly and distributes
Copper_in_heat_exchangers
Heat-transfer device that employs phase transition
A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that employs phase transition to transfer heat between two solid interfaces. At the hot interface of a heat pipe
Heat_pipe
Aircraft propulsion system efficient at a range of speeds higher and lower than sound's
VCE. To reduce aircraft drag at supercruise, SST engines require a high specific thrust (net thrust/airflow) to minimize the powerplant's cross-sectional
Variable_cycle_engine
Discrete device in an electronic system
An electronic component is any basic discrete electronic device or physical entity part of an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated
Electronic_component
Concentration of water vapour in the air
"humidity ratio" or "mass mixing ratio" (see also Specific humidity below), which is better suited for heat and mass balance calculations.[citation needed]
Humidity
IT cooling practice
a method where electronic parts or whole servers are put into a special, electrically safe liquid for cooling. The liquid removes heat much faster than
Immersion_cooling
usually heat up tobacco, rather than use liquids. In contrast, electronic cigarettes heat liquids that can contain nicotine. They are not e-cigarettes.
List of heated tobacco products
List_of_heated_tobacco_products
Passive component (choke) suppressing high-frequency noise in electronic circuits
EMI/RFI electronic noise. The energy is either reflected back up the cable or dissipated as low-level heat. Only in extreme cases is the heat noticeable
Ferrite_bead
Soundtrack album to the 1995 film Heat
Heat is the soundtrack album to the 1995 film Heat. The score is compiled mostly with Elliot Goldenthal's compositions although there are a variety of
Heat_(soundtrack)
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical
Heat_transfer
Branch of physics
enable accurate calculations of these electronic energy states. The contribution of electrons to the specific heat capacity is governed by the distribution
Heat_transfer_physics
Type of rocket engine
generating an average thrust of 518 N (116 lbf) and delivering 290 seconds of specific impulse. Rotating combustion also created a torque of 0.26 N·m, so a S-shaped
Rotating_detonation_engine
Situation where cities are warmer than surrounding areas
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a meteorological and climatological phenomenon in which urban areas experience significantly warmer temperatures
Urban_heat_island
Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles
thermal radiation. The emission of energy arises from a combination of electronic, molecular, and lattice oscillations in a material. Kinetic energy is
Thermal_radiation
Models used to describe the behavior of metal alloys
depend on the density of states at the Fermi energy such as the electronic specific heat. In a pure metal the eigenstates are the Bloch functions Ψk with
Rigid-band_model
Engine component
Variable-pitch Engine instruments Annunciator panel Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM) Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) Engine-indicating
Gas turbine engine compressors
Gas_turbine_engine_compressors
Type of tobacco product
conventional cigarettes. HTPs use embedded or external heat sources, heated sealed chambers, or product-specific customized cigarettes. Unlike e-cigarettes, which
Heated_tobacco_product
Chemical compound
Pressures. 22: 453–457. Song Y, Zhang S, Wu X (2001). "Oxidation and electronic-specific heat of YB2". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 322 (1–2): L14–L16. doi:10
Yttrium_borides
Heat from a current in an electric conductor
breaking a circuit by melting if enough current flows to heat them to the melting point. Electronic cigarettes vaporize liquid by Joule heating. Food processing
Joule_heating
Ratio of two densities
Relative density, also called specific gravity, is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass divided by volume) of a substance
Relative_density
Type of rocket engine
Variable-pitch Engine instruments Annunciator panel Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM) Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) Engine-indicating
Aerospike_engine
Passive electronic component providing electrical resistance
sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity. Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are
Resistor
Temperature control system
near a desired setpoint. Thermostats are used in any device or system that heats or cools to a setpoint temperature. Examples include building heating, central
Thermostat
Elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation
causes include heat stroke and adverse reactions to drugs. Heat stroke is an acute temperature elevation caused by exposure to excessive heat, or combination
Hyperthermia
Piston engine starting system
recorder Glass cockpit Hobbs meter Tachometer Engine controls Carburetor heat Throttle Fuel and induction system Avgas Carburetor Fuel injection Gascolator
Coffman_engine_starter
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
continues through a second heat exchanger position after the combustion section, where the hot exhaust is used to further heat the hydrogen, turning it
Ramjet
Temperature sensing device
EPA. "Heat Pumps". Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-02-02. Combination Temperature Sensors Trygve Behny, Minco, Electronic Design
Freeze_stat
Thin, flexible sheet of metal
especially for manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components. The manufacturing of copper foil involves several steps, including
Copper_foil
Airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft
Variable-pitch Engine instruments Annunciator panel Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM) Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) Engine-indicating
Turbojet
topic. Computer cooling is a sub-topic. Heat sinks are devices that are used to extend the surface area of electronic components available for air cooling
Electronics_cooling
Inaba, Yohei; Kunugita, Naoki (2016). "Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products in Japan". Addiction. 111 (4): 706–713
Regulation of electronic cigarettes
Regulation_of_electronic_cigarettes
Different states of quantum systems
rotational contributions to molecular heat capacity let molecules absorb heat and hold more internal energy. Conduction of heat typically occurs as molecules
Energy_level
Engine feature
Electrical components Alternator Capacitor discharge ignition Dual ignition Electronic fuel injection Generator Ignition system Magneto Spark plug Starter Terminology
Autofeather
Two-propeller design for improving low-airspeed maneuverability
Variable-pitch Engine instruments Annunciator panel Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM) Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) Engine-indicating
Contra-rotating_propellers
Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
refrigerator carries heat from inside the refrigerator out to the surrounding room. A wide range of fluids are used as refrigerants, with the specific choice depending
Refrigerant
Empirical thermodynamic law
and Alexis Thérèse Petit had found in 1819 that the heat capacity per weight (the mass-specific heat capacity) for 13 measured elements was close to a constant
Dulong–Petit_law
Programmable machine that processes data
sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs, which
Computer
Discarded electronic devices (E-Waste)
Electronic waste (E-Waste) describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. It is also commonly known as waste electrical and electronic equipment
Electronic_waste
2005 open world racing game
complete its goal using a specific vehicle on a specific route/from a starting position, and beginning on a certain level of heat. Vehicles for each event
Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005 video game)
Need_for_Speed:_Most_Wanted_(2005_video_game)
Process of heating an electrically conducting object by electromagnetic induction
electromagnetic induction, through heat transfer passing through an inductor that creates an electromagnetic field within the coil to heat up and possibly melt steel
Induction_heating
Periodic boundary condition in solid-state physics
series of articles in 1912 and 1913 that presented this model of the specific heat of solids based on the crystalline hypothesis and included this boundary
Born–von Karman boundary condition
Born–von_Karman_boundary_condition
Process of keeping all parts of a spacecraft within acceptable temperature ranges
internal electronic equipment). Protecting the equipment from temperatures that are too low, by thermal insulation from external sinks, by enhanced heat absorption
Spacecraft_thermal_control
Power semiconductor through-hole package
The TO-220 is a style of electronic package used for high-powered, through-hole components with 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) pin spacing. The "TO" designation
TO-220
25-500-kW internal combustion engine, typically Brayton cycle-type
generator on a single shaft or two.It can have a recuperator capturing waste heat to improve the compressor efficiency, an intercooler, and reheat. Typical
Microturbine
Device that converts electricity into heat
cooking, warming, or maintaining specific temperatures higher than the ambient. Heating elements may be used to transfer heat via conduction, convection, or
Heating_element
Technologies to store thermal energy
extract heat. A disadvantage of SHS is its dependence on the properties of the storage medium. Storage capacities are limited by the specific heat capacity
Thermal_energy_storage
The chemical composition of the electronic cigarette aerosol varies across and within manufacturers. Limited data exists regarding their chemistry. However
Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol
Composition_of_electronic_cigarette_aerosol
Process of removing waste heat from a computer
Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer hardware to keep components within permissible operating temperature limits
Computer_cooling
Machine for joining thermoplastic materials using heat
using heat and pressure. The direct contact method of heat sealing utilizes a constantly heated die or sealing bar to apply heat to a specific contact
Heat_sealer
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
often abbreviated as A/C (US) or air con (UK), is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior temperature
Air_conditioning
Physical components of a computer
areas of the finite physical memory. Computer processors generate heat, and excessive heat impacts their performance and can harm the components. Many computer
Computer_hardware
Device for measuring a physical quantity
unit amount of that sample. For the ranges of specific heat capacities see: Orders of magnitude (specific heat capacity) Dilatometer Strain gauge Differential
List_of_measuring_instruments
Device to measure temperature
and is called the specific heat at constant volume. Some materials do not have this property, and take some time to distribute the heat between temperature
Thermometer
Turbine engine driving an aircraft propeller
performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption Thrust to weight ratio Variable
Turboprop
Variable-pitch Engine instruments Annunciator panel Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM) Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) Engine-indicating
Aircraft_engine_starting
Type of aircraft propeller
Electrical components Alternator Capacitor discharge ignition Dual ignition Electronic fuel injection Generator Ignition system Magneto Spark plug Starter Terminology
Scimitar_propeller
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
generate heat through electrical losses. The amplifier must dissipate this heat via convection or forced air cooling. Heat can damage or reduce electronic component
Amplifier
Engine fuel systems in aircraft
Electrical components Alternator Capacitor discharge ignition Dual ignition Electronic fuel injection Generator Ignition system Magneto Spark plug Starter Terminology
Aircraft_fuel_system
Refrigeration process
called an air conditioner, refrigerator, air source heat pump, geothermal heat pump, or chiller (heat pump). Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
Propeller with blades that can be rotated to control their pitch while in use
Variable-pitch Engine instruments Annunciator panel Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM) Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) Engine-indicating
Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)
Angle of a blade in a fluid
Electrical components Alternator Capacitor discharge ignition Dual ignition Electronic fuel injection Generator Ignition system Magneto Spark plug Starter Terminology
Blade_pitch
Engineering and chemistry of e-cigarettes
pressing a button to heat the device. Other interesting new e-cigarette-like devices provide a combined function with other electronic products such as a
Construction of electronic cigarettes
Construction_of_electronic_cigarettes
Aerofoil; individual component of a turbine disc
"FlexEfficiency" units. Liquid cooling seems to be more attractive because of high specific heat capacity and chances of evaporative cooling but there can be leakage
Turbine_blade
E H Darby Aviation PLATINUM AIR United States 1C Electronic Data Systems Switzerland 1Y Electronic Data Systems United States EXW Executive Airlines
List_of_airline_codes
Device that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
A power inverter, inverter, or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The resulting
Power_inverter
Type of aluminum alloy
used for everything from lightweight structural components to heat sinks and electronic enclosures. One of the primary advantages of AlSi10Mg is its high
AlSi10Mg
Type of external power supply
break and expose internal electrical parts. Heat reduction – Heat reduces reliability and longevity of electronic components, and can cause sensitive circuits
AC_adapter
Semiconductor light source
A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic component that uses a semiconductor to emit light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
Light-emitting_diode
Process of joining metal pieces with heated filler metal
minimizes heat stress on electronic components during soldering. And, having no plastic phase allows for quicker wetting as the solder heats up, and quicker
Soldering
South Korean multinational electronics corporation
monitors and soundbars. Samsung Electronics is also a major manufacturer of electronic components such as lithium-ion batteries, semiconductors, image sensors
Samsung_Electronics
Device that controls current between electrodes
utilizes thermionic emission of electrons from a hot cathode for fundamental electronic functions such as signal amplification and current rectification. Non-thermionic
Vacuum_tube
Unclassified designation system for United States military electronic equipment
airborne invisible light or heat radiation detection system. When ready for production, it would become the AN/AAR-87 Electronic type (non-rotating) servo
Joint Electronics Type Designation System
Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System
Component of Indian electoral system
Electronic voting is the standard means of conducting elections using Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in India. The system was developed for the Election
Electronic_voting_in_India
Common synthetic polymer
other or more specific legislation (such as the European Directives on End-of-Life Vehicles, Packaging and Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment). Since
Polyvinyl_chloride
micrometres. Sonotrodes are made of titanium, aluminium or steel, with or without heat treatment (carbide). The shape of the sonotrode (round, square, with teeth
Sonotrode
Cooling methods that expend energy to cool a system or component
Active cooling is a heat-reducing mechanism that is typically implemented in electronic devices and indoor buildings to ensure proper heat transfer and circulation
Active_cooling
Substance with high latent heat of melting or solidifying
of fusion is generally much larger than the specific heat capacity, meaning that a large amount of heat energy can be absorbed while the matter remains
Phase-change_material
Electronics mimicking skin functionalities
to respond to environmental factors such as changes in heat and pressure. Advances in electronic skin research focus on the design of materials that should
Electronic_skin
HVAC device
simplistic statement, and there is further reading on sensible heat ratios and the specific heat capacity of air, both of which have an effect on thermal performance
Fan_coil_unit
Kitchen cooking appliance
food to rotate and produce thermal energy (heat) in a process known as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat food quickly and efficiently; the heating
Microwave_oven
Measure of a substance's ability to resist or conduct electric current
matches very closely with the values of Debye temperature obtained from specific heat measurements. n is an integer that depends upon the nature of interaction:
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity
Manufacturing process for molding plastic with heat
In its simplest form, a small tabletop or lab size machine can be used to heat small cut sections of plastic sheet and stretch it over a mold using vacuum
Thermoforming
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog
Digital_electronics
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