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Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
Refrigerants are working fluids that carry heat from a cold environment to a warm environment while circulating between them. For example, the refrigerant
Refrigerant
Air conditioning system that allows for individual control of spaces
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), is an HVAC technology invented by Daikin Industries, Ltd. in 1982. Daikin Industries, Ltd. named this "VRV" and holds
Variable_refrigerant_flow
This is a list of refrigerants, sorted by their ASHRAE-designated numbers, commonly known as R numbers. Many modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated
List_of_refrigerants
Sustainable refrigerants
Natural refrigerants are considered substances that serve as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (including refrigerators, HVAC, and air conditioning)
Natural_refrigerant
System that transfers heat from one space to another
heating by gas boiler. In a typical vapor-compression heat pump, a gaseous refrigerant is compressed so its pressure and temperature rise. When the pump operates
Heat_pump
HFC, hydrofluoroalkane refrigerant
HFA-134a, or HFC-134a) is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane)
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
Recycling of refrigerant gas
Refrigerant reclamation is the act of processing used refrigerant gas which has previously been used in some type of refrigeration loop to meet the specifications
Refrigerant_reclamation
Refrigeration process
refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
Component of air conditioning and refrigeration systems
controls the amount of refrigerant released into the evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the refrigerant that flows out of the evaporator
Thermal_expansion_valve
Chemical compound
foam blowing agent as well as a component in a refrigerant, where it is often listed as R-152a (refrigerant-152a) or HFC-152a (hydrofluorocarbon-152a). It
1,1-Difluoroethane
Chemical compound
(as Freon-12). It is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Hydrocarbon compound (C3H8)
becoming popular as a replacement refrigerant (R290) for heat pumps as it offers greater efficiency than the current refrigerants: R410A / R32, higher temperature
Propane
Refrigerator that uses a heat source
state, sucks out the now gaseous refrigerant, thus providing the low partial pressure. This produces a refrigerant-saturated liquid which then flows
Absorption_refrigerator
Most common type of heat pump
"Refrigerant Safety – About Refrigerant Safety, Toxicity and Flammability". Checkmark. Retrieved 17 April 2024. "A2L – Mildly Flammable Refrigerants"
Air_source_heat_pump
Technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
system needed and then design the system, selecting the appropriate refrigerant and various components needed. For larger buildings, building service
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning
System to cool the air in a vehicle
March 2022). "What Is Refrigerant 12| R12". Refrigerant Finders. Retrieved 21 February 2024. "R-12 Refrigerant History - Refrigerant HQ". 31 December 2018
Automotive_air_conditioning
CHCl3, historical anaesthetic and common solvent
sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational
Chloroform
Chemical compound
CH2=CFCF3. Its primary application is as a refrigerant with low global warming potential (GWP). As a refrigerant, it is designated R-1234yf and marketed
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
Liquids below boiling point
use subcooled propellants. In refrigeration systems, subcooling the refrigerant is necessary to ensure the completion of the remaining stages of the
Subcooling
Registered trade name for halocarbon products
nonflammable, low toxicity gases or liquids which have generally been used as refrigerants and as aerosol propellants. They include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
Freon
Refrigerant fluid
R-410A is a refrigerant fluid used in air conditioning and heat pump applications. It is a zeotropic but near-azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane (CH2F2
R-410A
Isomer/derivative of butane
(CFC) or hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in conventional stationary refrigeration and air conditioning systems. As a refrigerant, isobutane poses a fire and
Isobutane
Chemical compound
compound with the formula CH2F2. It is a colorless gas that is used as a refrigerant. As a hydrofluorocarbon, R-32 is being phased out in the EU. Difluoromethane
Difluoromethane
Appliance for cold food storage
as ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) as refrigerants, which were widely used for that purpose until the late 1920s despite
Refrigerator
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
Both issues happen due to the venting of refrigerant to the atmosphere, such as during repairs. HFO refrigerants, used in some if not most new equipment
Air_conditioning
Electrical component of HVAC systems
purpose is to prevent refrigerant migration and mixing with crankcase oil when the unit is off, and to prevent condensation of refrigerant in the crankcase
Crankcase_heater
Refrigerant
warming potential (GWP), R-454B is intended to be an alternative to refrigerant R-410A in new equipment. R-454B has a GWP of 466, which is 78 percent
R-454B
Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration
refrigerant enters the compressor as a low pressure and low temperature saturated vapor. In heat pumps, this refrigerant is typically R32 refrigerant
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle
Machine that removes heat from a liquid coolant
or refrigerant metering device (RMD) restricts the flow of the liquid refrigerant causing a pressure drop that vaporizes some of the refrigerant; this
Chiller
Process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions
gradient via the use of a heat-transfer working fluid (also known as refrigerant), which absorbs heat from a low-temperature medium and releases it to
Refrigeration
Chemical propellant and refrigerant
HCFC-22, or R-22, or CHClF 2. It was commonly used as a propellant and refrigerant. These applications were phased out under the Montreal Protocol in developed
Chlorodifluoromethane
In refrigeration, flash-gas is refrigerant in gas form produced spontaneously when the condensed liquid is subjected to boiling. The presence of flash-gas
Flash-gas_(refrigeration)
Concentrated solution of salt in water
Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_559. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4. "Secondary Refrigerant Systems". Cool-Info.com. Retrieved 17 July 2017. "Calcium Chloride versus
Brine
American chemist and engineer (1889–1944)
rapidly replaced other refrigerants in all but applications where companies accepted the increased risk of flammable and toxic refrigerant releases or in applications
Thomas_Midgley_Jr.
Consumer device for making ice, found inside a freezer
ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as refrigerants. During the 1920s, several fatal accidents were registered. They were
Icemaker
Refrigeration process
refrigeration system, two or more vapor-compression cycles with different refrigerants are used. The evaporation-condensation temperatures of each cycle are
Cascade_refrigeration
Type of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11)
Trichlorofluoromethane was first widely used as a refrigerant. Because of its high boiling point compared to most refrigerants, it can be used in systems with a low
Trichlorofluoromethane
Substance used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system
used to achieve below-ambient temperature, is more commonly known as refrigerant. A coolant reservoir captures overflow of coolant in a cooling system
Coolant
Phenomenon of surface adhesion
the refrigerant. When heated, the solid desorbs (releases) refrigerant vapour, which subsequently is cooled and liquefied. This liquid refrigerant then
Adsorption
generation of environmentally friendlier refrigerants. They have lower material costs because they require less refrigerant, fin, and coil materials. They enable
Internally grooved copper tube
Internally_grooved_copper_tube
Flammable organic fuel (C4H10)
deodorants. Pure forms of butane, especially isobutane, are used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the ozone-layer-depleting halomethanes in refrigerators
Butane
Alkane with 5 carbon atoms C5H12
stations and organic Rankine cycles. It is also used in some blended refrigerants. Pentanes are solvents in many ordinary products, e.g. in some pesticides
Pentane
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
This type of compressor can compress a wide range of gases, including refrigerant, hydrogen, and natural gas. Because of this, it finds use in a wide range
Compressor
Occupational Licensing Regulation for HVAC Technicians in the United States
regulated refrigerants be certified in proper refrigerant handling techniques. The regulatory program helps to minimize the release of refrigerants, and in
Section_608
Indian manufacturing company
In 1989, the company entered the chemicals business to manufacture refrigerants. Consequently, in 1990, it changed its name to SRF Limited. The company
SRF_Limited
Refrigerant
Slurry ice is a phase changing refrigerant made up of millions of ice "micro-crystals" (typically 0.1 to 1 mm in diameter) formed and suspended within
Slurry_ice
Class of organic compounds
R-12, also commonly called Freon, is used as a refrigerant. Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), gaseous
Chlorofluorocarbon
Industrial process
manufacture, installation and servicing of equipment that uses it as a refrigerant. Propane that is supplied for general use – such as in barbeques and
Propane_refrigeration
Change in temperature due to a magnetic field
is the heat capacity of the working magnet (refrigerant); and M is the magnetization of the refrigerant. From the equation we can see that the magnetocaloric
Magnetocaloric_effect
Mixture used as a refrigerant
R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1
R-407C
Air compressor
scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant. It is used in air conditioning equipment, as an automobile supercharger
Scroll_compressor
Refrigeration method
sorption. In adsorption refrigeration, adsorbate vapour molecules, the refrigerant, adsorb onto the surface of a solid instead of dissolving into a liquid
Adsorption_refrigeration
Chemical compound
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called simply trichlorotrifluoroethane (often abbreviated as TCTFE) or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Chemical compound
to the HFO-1234ze Z-isomer. It was developed as a "fourth generation" refrigerant intended to replace R-134a, as a blowing agent for foam and aerosol applications
Trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
Trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
Industrial refrigerant manufacturer in India
industrial refrigerant manufacturer under INOXGFL Group in India. It is one of the largest producers (by volume) of chloromethane, refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene
Gujarat_Fluorochemicals
EPA program covering regulated chemicals
chemicals. However, after passing regulations to phase-out R134a, an HFC refrigerant with no ozone-depleting potential, this phase-out was defended by a subsidiary
Significant New Alternatives Policy
Significant_New_Alternatives_Policy
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
1-Difluoroethane, used as a refrigerant and propellant for aerosol sprays 1,2-Difluoroethane, primarily used in refrigerants, foam blowing agents, solvents
Difluoroethane
Technique to cool gases
mixed-refrigerant technique used to cool or liquefy gases. The term "Kleemenko cycle" is used in refrigeration if multi-component refrigerants (MCR) are
Kleemenko_cycle
System for condensing gas into liquid by cooling
cool down and condense incoming refrigerant vapor into liquid, a compressor to raise the pressure of the refrigerant and move it along, and a fan for
Condenser_(heat_transfer)
Type of heat pump
use only a single fluid which is a refrigerant. In contrast, absorption heat pump requires two fluids, a refrigerant and an absorbent able to absorb it
Absorption-compression heat pump
Absorption-compression_heat_pump
Gas compressor where the piston is driven by a linear actuator
uncompress, moving the piston forward, and compressing the refrigerant. The compressed refrigerant is then released by a valve. Alternatively the coil can
Linear_compressor
Organic halide used for fire suppression
depleter were known, many industrial chillers used it as an efficient refrigerant gas. It is a precursor to trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, a popular
Bromotrifluoromethane
American specialty materials company
the S&P 500 index. The company is divided into two business segments: Refrigerants & Applied Solutions (RAS), which includes the namesake Solstice, Genetron
Solstice_Advanced_Materials
Chemical compound formerly used as a refrigerant
Chloromethane, also called methyl chloride, Refrigerant-40, R-40 or HCC 40, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3Cl. One of the haloalkanes
Chloromethane
Heat pump driven by thermal energy
exchanger, as well as the suction device, shielding pump (solution pump and refrigerant pump). In the simplest case, five heat exchangers are also required (at
Absorption_heat_pump
System to transfer heat to/from the ground
where the refrigerant itself is passed through the ground loop. Developed during the 1980s, this approach faced issues with the refrigerant and oil management
Ground_source_heat_pump
Beverage company in Cape Verde
CERIS is a beverage company in Cape Verde that produces beer, soft drinks and water. Together with the distribution company Cavibel, it is owned by Equatorial
CERIS
Chemical compound
oxide and silicon nitride. Known as R-23 or HFC-23, it was also a useful refrigerant, sometimes as a replacement for chlorotrifluoromethane (CFC-13) and is
Fluoroform
Family of synthetic refrigeration lubricants
is compatible with the refrigerants R-134a, R-410A, and R-12. POE oils are used as a lubricant in systems using the refrigerant HFC-134a when replacing
Polyolester
Valve that reverses flow direction in part of a circuit
component in a heat pump, that changes the direction of refrigerant flow. By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from
Reversing_valve
Equipment used to transfer heat between fluids
at low temperature range using refrigerants that boil at lower temperatures than water. Typical organic refrigerants are ammonia, pentafluoropropane
Heat_exchanger
Chemical compound
calculation. Dimethyl ether is a refrigerant with ASHRAE refrigerant designation R-E170. It is also used in refrigerant blends with e.g. ammonia, carbon
Dimethyl_ether
Fuel for heating, cooking and vehicles
equipment, and vehicles, and is used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons which damage the ozone layer. When specifically
Liquefied_petroleum_gas
Direct emissions include all climate forcing effects from the release of refrigerants into the atmosphere, including annual leakage and losses during service
Life Cycle Climate Performance
Life_Cycle_Climate_Performance
Chlorofluorocarbon
with the molecular formula ClF2CCF2Cl. Its primary use has been as a refrigerant. It is a non-flammable gas with a sweetish, chloroform-like odor with
1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
3,3-tetrafluoropropene. trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, used as a refrigerant (R-1234ze(E).) 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene, database entry, CAS Common
1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
2008 fire in New Zealand
alarm cause, found what appeared to be a refrigerant leak. At around 4:30pm, the 400 kg of propane-based refrigerant ignited explosively, injuring all eight
Tamahere_coolstore_fire
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
reaction equation below. CH4(g) → C(s) + 2 H2(g) (ΔH° = 74.8 kJ/mol) As a refrigerant, methane has the ASHRAE designation R-50. Methane can be generated through
Methane
Regulatory term for fluorinated greenhouse gases
that mandates at 85% reduction in the production and consumption of HFC refrigerants by 2035, in compliance with the Kigali Amendment. In order to combat
Fluorinated_gases
North American trade association
Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Report". Retrieved 7 July 2017. Writer, Jim Walsh, AFN Staff (5 July 2017). "Banned refrigerant impacting Ahwatukee heat-pump
Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute
Air_Conditioning,_Heating_and_Refrigeration_Institute
Early refrigerators invented in the 1920s
more common mechanical refrigerators both cool by the evaporation of refrigerant. (Evaporation of a liquid causes cooling, as for example, liquid sweat
Icyball
Topics referred to by the same term
processing unit Remington 700, a bolt-action rifle R-700 Refrigerant, a non-organic refrigerant series This disambiguation page lists articles associated
R700
Device which reduces humidity
over the condenser, as in a refrigeration dehumidifier. Instead, the refrigerant is pumped by the compressor to a condenser which is located outside the
Dehumidifier
Chemical compound
warming when released into the environment. It is primarily used as a refrigerant where it is also known as R-142b and by trade names including Freon-142b
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
Topics referred to by the same term
destroyer Pula R22 (New York City Subway car) Chlorodifluoromethane, a refrigerant Fiat R.22, an Italian reconnaissance aircraft Ndonga dialect R22: Harmful
R22
Aircraft refrigeration
such as Freon in the gas cycle. No condensation or evaporation of a refrigerant is involved, and the cooled air output from the process is used directly
Air_cycle_machine
Incentive with unintended results
HFC-23, a byproduct of a common refrigerant, HCFC-22. As a result, companies began to produce more of this refrigerant in order to destroy more of the
Perverse_incentive
Temperature sensing device
its coils from freezing. Freeze stats can be used on both refrigerant-to-air and refrigerant-to-liquid type heat exchangers and serve different purposes
Freeze_stat
Light fixture that emits long-wave ultraviolet light and very little visible light
the curing of plastic resins, attracting insects and the detection of refrigerant leaks affecting refrigerators and air conditioning systems. Strong sources
Blacklight
Range of indoor air temperatures preferred by most people
Vapor-compression refrigeration (VCRS) Variable air volume (VAV) Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) Ventilation Water heat recycling Components Air conditioner
Room_temperature
pump in which refrigerant circulates through copper tubing placed in the ground unlike other ground source heat pumps where refrigerant is restricted
Direct exchange geothermal heat pump
Direct_exchange_geothermal_heat_pump
Chemical compound
Before the 1970s, vinyl chloride was used as an aerosol propellant and refrigerant. Vinyl chloride, also called vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), is exclusively
Vinyl_chloride
Home automation software
Vapor-compression refrigeration (VCRS) Variable air volume (VAV) Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) Ventilation Water heat recycling Components Air conditioner
Home_Assistant
American supermarket chain
its GreenChill program, a partnership with food retailers to reduce refrigerant emissions and decrease their impact on the ozone layer and climate change
Sprouts_Farmers_Market
Hydrocarbon blend used as a refrigerant
Hydrocarbon Blend B, is marketed as a "drop-in" replacement refrigerant for R-12 and other refrigerants. HC-12a is a mixture of hydrocarbons, specifically propane
HC-12a
Type of refrigerant
R-406A is a refrigerant invented by George H. Goble.[citation needed] It is a mixture of three components: chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), isobutane (R-600a)
R-406A
HVAC device
chillers. The thermostat controls the fan speed and/or the flow of water or refrigerant to the heat exchanger using a control valve. Due to their simplicity
Fan_coil_unit
Chemical compound
near 25 ppt in 2020. List of refrigerants IPCC list of greenhouse gases inhalants Schoen, J. Andrew, "Listing of Refrigerants" (PDF), Andy's HVAC/R Web Page
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane
Vapor-compression refrigeration (VCRS) Variable air volume (VAV) Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) Ventilation Water heat recycling Components Air conditioner
TurboSwing
American materials company
developed many chemicals, most notably Freon (chlorofluorocarbons), for the refrigerant industry. It also developed synthetic pigments and paints including ChromaFlair
DuPont
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