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Concept in Trotskyist political theory
organizations are crushed. Like a degenerated workers' state, a deformed workers' state is considered to be a state that cannot be transitioning to socialism
Deformed_workers'_state
Trotskyist view of state socialist bureaucracy, particularly under Stalin
workers' state" commonly refers only to the Soviet Union. Trotskyists of the Fourth International (founded in 1938) coined the term "deformed workers'
Degenerated_workers'_state
Ownership or control of an economy by a government
degenerated workers' state. After World War II, most Trotskyists accepted an analysis of the Soviet bloc countries as being deformed workers' states. However
State_capitalism
Political party
critical of the Castro government, arguing that Cuba remained a "deformed workers' state". But a split developed within this faction between groups headed
Socialist Workers Party (United States)
Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)
Political strategy for implementing socialism
socialism Edward Bellamy Bureaucratic collectivism Degenerated workers' state Deformed workers' state Libertarian socialism Marxism–Leninism New class Planned
State_socialism
Concept in Marxist theory
This reflects his view that these countries are state capitalist societies rather than deformed workers states. Cliff's views have been criticised by more
Permanent_revolution
Unnatural death caused by social, political, or economic factors
by the English authorities and bourgeoisie for workers was leading to the premature death of workers, and, by doing nothing to change these conditions
Social_murder
Class of wage-earners
bourgeoisie: the workers, who own no means of production, must use the property of others to produce goods and services and to earn their living. Workers cannot
Proletariat
British political organisation (1977–1997)
East London Workers Against Racism (ELWAR) before it was launched as a national campaign, Workers Against Racism campaigned against state racism. Protests
Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1977)
Revolutionary_Communist_Party_(UK,_1977)
Variety of Marxism developed by Leon Trotsky
precepts of socialism, Trotsky characterized the Soviet Union as a deformed workers' state that could not effectively transition to socialism. Ostensibly
Trotskyism
Political philosophy
worker. In pre-capitalist economies, exploitation of the worker was achieved via physical coercion. Under the capitalist mode of production, workers do
Marxism
Marxist political ideology
holding that the Soviet Union was a degenerated workers' state and other similar societies are deformed workers' states. However, many other Trotskyist groups
Orthodox_Trotskyism
International association of Trotskyist political parties
The Committee for a Workers' International (CWI; Spanish: Comité por una Internacional de los Trabajadores, CIT; French: Comité pour une internationale
Committee for a Workers' International
Committee_for_a_Workers'_International
Leninist political revolutionary ideology
revolutionary vanguard party, composed of the most conscious and disciplined workers, must lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing
Vanguardism
Alliance of groups against common enemies
the communists propose to join with all workers belonging to other parties and groups and all unaligned workers in a common struggle to defend the immediate
United_front
Designation for political opponents of ruling power
socialist property are enemies of the people." The term "enemy of the workers" was formalized in Article 58, and similar articles in the codes of the
Enemy_of_the_people
Polemic term for the ruling class of Soviet-type states
Union Degenerated workers' state Deformed workers' state Managerial state New Soviet man Sinyavsky, Andrei (1991). "Stalin: The State–Church". Soviet Civilization:
New_class
Regaining positive political reputation
restoration of a person who was criminally prosecuted without due basis, to the state of acquittal. Mass amnesty of the victims of Soviet repressions started
Political_rehabilitation
Branch of socialism
supporter James P. Cannon described the Soviet Union as a "degenerated workers' state", the revolutionary gains of which should be defended against imperialist
Third_camp
Critical term used by Karl Marx to describe crude, forced collectivism
refer to military barracks, but to the workers' barracks-type primitive dormitories in which the industrial workers lived in many places in the Russian Empire
Barracks_communism
Form of public humiliation and torture
understand what was happening, so I pitied that kind of person. They brought workers and peasants into the meetings, and they could not understand what was
Struggle_session
Founder-leader of Militant then Socialist Appeal
Bolshevik-Leninist League joined with a similar group in Cape Town to form the Workers Party of South Africa. In 1937, after a series of factional difficulties
Ted_Grant
State of affairs in Marxist theory
mass repression and state terror. In the 1936 Soviet Constitution, the state was officially redefined as a "socialist state of workers and peasants", a formula
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat
Directives of the (usually communist) party in Marxist-Leninist states
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
General_line_of_the_party
Social class
the capitalists exploit the workers, while the workers resist their economic exploitation, which occurs because the worker owns no means of production
Bourgeoisie
Chinese Communist Party slogan
Internet Archive. Civil control of the military No War but the Class War Workers of the world, unite! Serve the People Si vis pacem, para bellum War is
Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
Political_power_grows_out_of_the_barrel_of_a_gun
Maoist slogan
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
The East wind prevails over the West wind
The_East_wind_prevails_over_the_West_wind
Type of democracy in Marxism
described by Karl Marx as workers' councils, which select recall-able delegates to a higher assembly. The first soviets, also called workers' councils, were formed
Soviet_democracy
Phrase coined by Mao Zedong
and bloody action of one class overthrowing another. In this report, Mao stated that "A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting
Revolution is not a dinner party
Revolution_is_not_a_dinner_party
Trotskyist political international
theorist Ted Grant and his supporters after a break with the Committee for a Workers' International in 1992, it was subsequently renamed the International Marxist
Revolutionary Communist International
Revolutionary_Communist_International
Marxist–Leninist theoretical concept
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
Two-stage_theory
American lawyer (1911–1998)
pdf Selected works of Sam Marcy at the Workers World Party website Biography by Deirdre Griswold at the Workers World Party website "Sam Marcy, an apologist
Sam_Marcy
Trotskyist faction founded 1962 by J. Posadas
several countries, particularly among railway workers in Cuba, tin workers in Bolivia and farm workers in Brazil.[citation needed] There was a significant
Fourth_International–Posadist
Elements of Chinese culture purged during Mao's Cultural Revolution
the Lost Cultural Relics Recovery Program and the establishment of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to protect and manage historical sites
Four_Olds
Marxist concept of overthrowing capitalism
not necessarily unrelatedly – Trotsky's theories regarding the deformed workers' state, offer several explanations as to why the world revolution has
World_revolution
Term in Marxist theory
favor of party leadership. Castroism Maoism Permanent revolution Stalinism State capitalism Two Stage Theory Vanguardism Engels, Friedrich (September 17–18
Substitutionism
Revolutionary socialist international organization
were then described as deformed workers states in an analogy with the degenerated workers state in Russia. The term deformed was used rather than degenerated
Fourth_International
Economic system based on private ownership
with increasingly large estates. Instead of a serf-based system of labor, workers were increasingly employed as part of a broader and expanding money-based
Capitalism
Nationalism of the ruling class under capitalism
"national interests". Internationally, it aims to create antagonism between workers of different nations and serves as a divide-and-conquer strategy. The bourgeois
Bourgeois_nationalism
Element of Mao Zedong Thought
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
Continuous_Revolution_Theory
Pejorative term for reinterpretation of Marxism
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
Revisionism_(Marxism)
Theme within Marxism
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
National_liberation_(Marxism)
Marxist term to describe a subsection of the underclass
Paris, Engels wrote of the gardes mobiles, a militia which suppressed the workers' uprising: "The organized lumpenproletariat had given battle to the working
Lumpenproletariat
Social class
despair are diverted by the fascists away from big capital and against the workers. It may be said that fascism is the act of placing the petty bourgeoisie
Petite_bourgeoisie
Marxist social class concept
organ, Prometeo (Prometheus), proclaimed: "Workers! Against the slogan of a national war which arms Italian workers against English and German proletarians
Proletarian_internationalism
Trotskyist international
reunification. Today, the Spartacists defend what they see as the remaining deformed workers' states and have called for the defense of North Korea's right to nuclear
International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)
International_Communist_League_(Fourth_Internationalist)
Faction of the Fourth International
Socialist Workers Party (SWP), led by James P. Cannon. Its British section was the Revolutionary Socialist League, which merged with the smaller Workers' International
International Committee of the Fourth International
International_Committee_of_the_Fourth_International
American socialist activist
unconditional military defense of China, which they regarded as a deformed workers state, qualitatively similar to the USSR after it underwent its bureaucratic
James_Robertson_(Trotskyist)
Status of democracy in Marxist theory
precepts of socialism, Trotsky characterized the Soviet Union as a deformed workers' state that would not be able to effectively transition to Marxist socialism
Democracy_in_Marxism
Political party in Ireland
workers' plight. The exploitation, which included pay as low as €2.20 an hour against a minimum wage of €7.00, led to a strike by immigrant workers.
Solidarity_(Ireland)
Overarching political power principle of communist states
all-round development of the initiative of the workers, their involvement in the administration of the state". However, they stressed that this democracy
Democratic_centralism
Philosophical view
dualism Platonic realism Supernaturalism Transcendentalism Cārvāka Central-state materialism Christian materialism Critical realism Cultural materialism
Materialism
Coalition of different political groupings
rest of the world: the minority of communist revolutionary workers would join with workers outside the communist parties against the bourgeoisie. This
Popular_front
Italian-Argentine Trotskyist (1912–1981)
Soviet Republics that were established with the end of World War 2 as "deformed workers' states" based on the existence of generally nationalized means of
J._Posadas
Transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
Commodification
Marxist–Leninist political position
and criticized the Soviet Union under Khrushchev and his successors as state capitalist and social imperialist. During the Sino-Soviet split, the Chinese
Anti-revisionism
Form of democracy emphasizing socialism
Marxist-Leninist regimes will lead to the establishment of a degenerated or deformed workers' state, where the capitalist elite has been replaced by an unaccountable
Socialist_democracy
American Marxist theoretician (born 1950)
1982, North informed the Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP), the British section of the ICFI and close collaborator of the Workers League, of his differences
David_North_(socialist)
Marxist theory of history and society
average", a highly abstract model with only two classes (capitalists and workers) and no derivative forms of capital like merchant or interest-bearing capital
Historical_materialism
International grouping of revolutionary Trotskyist organisations
the roots of ideological degeneration back to 1940." Workers Power and the Irish Workers Group stated that a new international needed to be built on its
League for the Fifth International
League_for_the_Fifth_International
Inputs used in the production of goods and services with economic value
rather than base salary to attract the right workers, even if conflicts of interest exist in an employer-worker relationship. To the question of why classes
Means_of_production
Maoist term for return to capitalism
eventually lead to the Sino-Soviet split. He believed that Hungarian Socialist Workers Party members divorced their leadership from the people, which therefore
Capitalist_roader
Committee for a Revolutionary Workers International, founded by former militants of the Argentinian MAS and PO Committee for a Workers' International (CWI), 1974–2019
List of Trotskyist internationals
List_of_Trotskyist_internationals
Radical left tendency in the United States
split to form the Workers Party. James and Dunayevskaya set up a study group within the Workers Party to work on the idea of state capitalism, and were
Johnson–Forest_Tendency
Term describing Cuba's political structure
as evidence of such a plurality against monolithic Fidelismo. Deformed workers' state Grassroots – Movement based on local communities Illiberal democracy
Grassroots_dictatorship
Communist political system
Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism Trotskyist Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Bureaucratic collectivism French Turn Permanent revolution
People's_Multiparty_Democracy
Critique of political economy Cross-class alliance Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Democratic centralism Decentralized economic planning
Archeio-Marxism
Morenist Trotskyist international organization
Gulf War." In the mid-1990s, it helped launch Workers' Aid to Bosnia and began working with the Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International
International Workers League – Fourth International
International_Workers_League_–_Fourth_International
Series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a similar time span
Poland, a workers' uprising in Poznań led to major political changes later that year, as the longtime Stalinist old guard of the Polish United Workers' Party
Revolutionary_wave
1937 book by Leon Trotsky
observation that the ruling stratum in the USSR are neither capitalists nor workers, but rather a section of the working class alienated from its class roots
The_Revolution_Betrayed
Irish political party
Dublin South Central-based Community and Workers Action Group (now in the PBPA), the South Tipperary Workers and Unemployed Action Group, the Irish Socialist
People_Before_Profit
Maoist military strategy
popular support, especially in a localized area, can be one of them—against a state power with a large and well-equipped army. To overcome a lack of supplies
Revolutionary_base_area
Argentine Trotskyist activist (1924–1987)
Brazilian Socialist Convergence, based in the Metal Workers Confederation and an initial organizer of the Workers' Party (PT). In response to what they viewed
Nahuel_Moreno
Irish electoral alliance
"remarkable abeyance of decades-old sectarian conflict between the Socialist Workers Party underlying PBP and the Socialist Party underlying AAA." Solidarity
People Before Profit–Solidarity
People_Before_Profit–Solidarity
Schools of thought on classless society
ruling class distinct from the workers and reject Trotsky's description of Stalinist Russia as a "degenerated workers' state". Shachtmanism developed into
List_of_communist_ideologies
Maoist military strategy
dozen soldiers would easily be routed in an all-out confrontation with the state. Instead, it favours a three-phase strategy of protracted warfare, with
People's_war
Strategically important sectors of the economy
New Economic Policy (NEP), which saw market-oriented reforms while the state retained control of the commanding heights. Lenin used the military metaphor
Commanding heights of the economy
Commanding_heights_of_the_economy
Biography of Leon Trotsky by Isaac Deutscher
Critique of political economy Cross-class alliance Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Democratic centralism Decentralized economic planning
The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky
The_Prophet:_The_Life_of_Leon_Trotsky
Mass uprising in Pakistan
President Ayub Khan. It took the form of a mass uprising of students and workers, attracting people from every profession. The uprising took place from
1968–69_Pakistan_revolution
Marxist theory of the origin of capitalism
reproduction, allowing the state and employers to pay urban workers below-subsistence wages. While socialist primitive accumulation was state-planned and compressed
Primitive_accumulation
Left-wing politics in the United States
policy joining the group. The League saw the Soviet Union as a "deformed workers' state", and supported it over some policies. It is committed to Trotskyist
American_Left
Theory of class society
of a party." Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state Kleptocracy New class Oligarchy Soviet bureaucracy State capitalism State socialism Ernest
Bureaucratic_collectivism
International alliance of Trotskyist political organizations
another group of militants sympathized with the British Workers Revolutionary Party (Worker Press) and the third when supporters of León Pérez (former
Current for Permanent Revolution – Fourth International
Current_for_Permanent_Revolution_–_Fourth_International
Concept in political and social science
consciousness. For workers, this happens when they become aware of their exploitation at the hands of the capitalist class. According to Marx, workers then take
Class_struggle
Term in Marxist theory; describes the political aims of a socialist organization
economic demands that could be achieved under capitalism. So "Rule by workers' councils" would not be a transitional demand, as it would imply the overthrow
Transitional_demand
Concept which originated in the thought of Karl Marx
instance, the serfs are tied to the land and cannot become industrial workers and wage-earners. This eventually precipitates an epoch of social revolution
Mode_of_production
Trotskyist group in the British Labour Party
on 19 December 1976: "No country constitutes a genuinely democratic workers' state," Mr Taaffe said. He spoke of the "monstrous police apparatus" in Russia
Militant_tendency
Rapid, fundamental political change from a feudal aristocracy to a capitalist democracy
in antiquity. The abolition of serfdom and the formation of free wage workers instead. The separation of producers from the means of production in primitive
Bourgeois_revolution
Term criticizing labor exploitation
particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, such as in sweatshops, and the latter is described as a lack of workers' self-management,
Wage_slavery
Political theory
directly democratic structures such as worker cooperatives, people’s assemblies, and mutual aid networks that challenge state and capitalist power while prefiguring
Dual_power
Trotskyist international founded in 1963
colonial revolution, the political revolution in the degenerated and deformed workers' states, and the proletarian revolution in the imperialist countries—form
Fourth International (post-reunification)
Fourth_International_(post-reunification)
Body of Marxist thought, prominent until World War I
view were that history could not be "hurried" and that politically workers and workers' parties must wait for the material economic conditions to be met
Orthodox_Marxism
Marxist concept for ideological remnants of capitalism
for ranks, seeking bonuses, and disparate wages between manual workers and mental workers. Bourgeois right was a concept discussed by Marx which referred
Bourgeois_right
Trinidadian historian, journalist and Marxist (1901–1989)
of the Socialist Workers' Party (SWP), then the US section of the Fourth International, to facilitate its work among black workers. Following several
C._L._R._James
Social revolution in which the working class attempts to overthrow the bourgeoisie
revolution, according to Marxists, is to transform the bourgeois state into a workers' state. A traditional Marxist belief was that a proletarian revolution
Proletarian_revolution
Mexican left-wing politician (1912–1989)
Munis: key ally of Trotsky in Spain". Workers' Liberty. 12 September 2012. "Spanish Revolutionaries Framed", Workers’ International News, Vol.1 No.6, June
Grandizo_Munis
Entry of the French Trotskyists into the French Socialist Party
1934 and 1936 of the French Trotskyists into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, the contemporary name of the French Socialist Party)
French_Turn
Group perspectives regarding Marxism
system would succeed capitalism as humanity's mode of production through workers' revolution. According to Marxian crisis theory, socialism is not an inevitability
Marxist_schools_of_thought
Belgian economist and Marxist philosopher (1923–1995)
it his mission to transmit the heritage of classical Marxist thought, deformed by the experience of Stalinism and the Cold War, to a new generation. And
Ernest_Mandel
the Party and the left opposition. The Workers and Peasants platform had been revolutionary (calls for workers control and radical land re-distribution)
Trotskyism_in_Vietnam
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