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Internal, classified quarterly journal
The Cryptographic Quarterly is an internal, classified journal of the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). In 2003, Michael Ravnitzky submitted a Freedom
Cryptographic_Quarterly
Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Cryptographer Encryption/decryption Cryptographic key Cipher Ciphertext
Outline_of_cryptography
Purges and reforms in Yugoslavia in response to the Tito–Stalin split
Armageddon: The Third World War That Almost Was, 1950" (PDF). Cryptographic Quarterly. Fort Meade, Maryland: National Security Agency: 85–95. February
Informbiro_period
Academic journal
scientific journal in the field of cryptology and cryptography. The journal is published quarterly by the International Association for Cryptologic Research
Journal_of_Cryptology
British designation for intelligence from decrypted enemy communications
(India), SCU13 and SCU14. The cryptographic element of each SLU was supplied by the RAF and was based on the TYPEX cryptographic machine and one-time pad systems
Ultra_(cryptography)
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
Data compression (or source coding) Error control (or channel coding) Cryptographic coding Line coding Data compression attempts to remove unwanted redundancy
Coding_theory
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
computer. Trusted platform modules (TPMs) secure devices by integrating cryptographic capabilities onto access devices, through the use of microprocessors
Computer_security
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
mathematician Bill Tutte. He applied a technique that he had been taught in his cryptographic training, of writing out the key by hand and looking for repetitions
Lorenz_cipher
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
have been well chosen and are not easily guessed. Many systems store a cryptographic hash of the password. If an attacker gets access to the file of hashed
Password
Cryptanalyst, mathematician and professor
Lederle, T. (September 1990). "Obituary: Walter Ernst Fricke (1915-1988)". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 31 (3). London: Blackwell Science:
Walter_Fricke
Securing and encrypting virology
exchanges, pseudorandom number generators, encryption algorithms, and other cryptographic algorithms. The NIST Dual EC DRBG random bit generator has an asymmetric
Cryptovirology
American legal case
York. The defendants were Eric Corley (publisher of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly magazine, which copied the DeCSS code for its readers), Shawn Reimerdes
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley
Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Corley
Tracking system using transceivers on ships
Orientation in the Era of Great Systems Conflict”. (PDF). Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ). 112(1). p.14. Cameron, J. J.“Russia proved it can shoot down a
Automatic identification system
Automatic_identification_system
U.S. signals intelligence organization
2013. "the NIST standards that define Suite B..." in "Suite B Cryptography / Cryptographic Interoperability". National Security Agency. Archived from the
National_Security_Agency
Japanese diplomatic code named Purple by the US
machine, along with its breaking by the US SIS, and an analysis of its cryptographic security and flaws Budiansky, Stephen (2000). Battle of Wits: The complete
Type_B_Cipher_Machine
Global conflict (1939–1945)
the History of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Third World Quarterly. 23 (3): 437–448. doi:10.1080/01436590220138378. JSTOR 3993535. S2CID 145398136
World_War_II
Cryptography software developer
offer secure online transactions to their customers. OIS also sold cryptographic software aimed at end-users in the finance sector. One motivation of
Vince_Cate
Mobile payment service by Apple
embedded secure element (eSE) to securely store payment data and perform cryptographic functions, and Apple's Touch ID, Face ID and OpticID for biometric authentication
Apple_Pay
1992 novel by Neal Stephenson
linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, religion, computer science, politics, cryptography, memetics, and philosophy. Stephenson has said that the title of the
Snow_Crash
Fictional book mentioned in stories of Sherlock Holmes
exchange. Malicious attackers are typically "Mallory", but in some cryptographic papers, the malicious attacker is "Moriarty". However, there are real
A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem
A_Treatise_on_the_Binomial_Theorem
Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician and physician (c. 801–873)
the fathers of cryptography. Building on the work of al-Khalil (717–786), Al-Kindi's book entitled Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages gave
Al-Kindi
Computer instruction for returning hardware-generated random numbers
with security and cryptographic standards such as NIST SP 800-90A, FIPS 140-2, and ANSI X9.82. After a request from Intel, Cryptography Research Inc. released
RDRAND
American statistician and human rights advocate
[citation needed] In the 1990s, Ball advocated for the availability of cryptographic technology amid the debates over its export by U.S. software developers
Patrick_Ball
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
human being to command the sum total of human knowledge." Writing for the Quarterly Journal of Speech in 2024, James Rushing Daniel wrote that: (...) "a rhetor
Peter_Thiel
National university located in Taipei, Taiwan
Yao, who was awarded the Turing Award in 2000 for his contributions to cryptography and computation. Other scientific achievements by alumni include contributions
National_Taiwan_University
American writer and critic (1809–1849)
2026. Retrieved December 25, 2025. Rosenheim, Shawn James (1997). The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet. Baltimore:
Edgar_Allan_Poe
Mobile telecommunications standards body
also billing information and speech coding down to source code level. Cryptographic aspects (such as authentication, confidentiality) are also specified
3GPP
1964 naval confrontation between North Vietnam and the United States
initially published in the Winter 2000/Spring 2001 Edition of Cryptologic Quarterly about five years before the Times article. According to intelligence officials
Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident
Field of mathematics and science based on non-linear systems and initial conditions
between the chaotic maps and the cryptographic systems is the main motivation for the design of chaos based cryptographic algorithms. One type of encryption
Chaos_theory
Amiga Power (United Kingdom) (discontinued) Mondo 2000 2600: The Hacker Quarterly Call-A.P.P.L.E. (United States) MacTech (United States) MacFormat (United
List_of_computer_magazines
Protecting information by mitigating risk
form by an authorized user who possesses the cryptographic key, through the process of decryption. Cryptography is used in information security to protect
Information_security
Argument against surveillance
Security, and Government Surveillance: WikiLeaks and the New Accountability". Public Affairs Quarterly. 25 (April 2011) (2): 141–156. JSTOR 23057094.
Nothing_to_hide_argument
Open internet standards organization
all IETF meetings have been open to the public. Initially, the IETF met quarterly, but from 1991, it has been meeting three times a year. The initial meetings
Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet_Engineering_Task_Force
Authorized cyberattack for testing purposes
specialized hardware tool for side-channel attacks, allowing analysis of cryptographic implementations and vulnerabilities through power consumption or electromagnetic
Penetration_test
List of versions of the Java programming language
Unicode 10 JEP 328: Flight Recorder JEP 329: ChaCha20 and Poly1305 Cryptographic Algorithms JEP 330: Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs JEP 331:
Java_version_history
Computer operating system kernel
File System (APFS), the Network File System (NFS) client and server, cryptographic framework, UNIX System V inter-process communication (IPC), audit subsystem
XNU
Chinese-American mathematician
been working in cryptography. Along with her husband Andrew Yao and Wang Xiaoyun, they found new attacks on the SHA-1 cryptographic hash function. Chung
Frances_Yao
Abrahamic new religious movement originating in 1930s Jamaica
to deny black Africans their history. They also regard the Bible as cryptographic, meaning that it has many hidden meanings. They believe that its true
Rastafari
Financial technology company
holders of Treasury bills globally. These figures come from Tether’s quarterly attestation reports, which are signed off by the accounting firm BDO Italia
Tether_Limited
Record, Pt. 2. pp. 94–104. Wozencraft, J. M. (1958). "List decoding". Quarterly Progress Report, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT. 48: 90–95. Review
List_decoding
Decryption of World War II cipher
something silly and torn up the rule book. Postwar debriefings of German cryptographic specialists, conducted as part of project TICOM, tend to support the
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Canadian technology company
continued gaining market share. In October 2008, Apple briefly passed RIM in quarterly sales when they announced they had sold 6.9 million iPhones to the 6.1
BlackBerry_Limited
Computer security term; someone who hacks computer systems
Defeating security measures By technical means By false signals or a false cryptographic key By the use of stolen usernames and passwords. Maximum imprisonment
Security_hacker
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
Prussian and German Service: The Attachés, 1816-1914". Political Science Quarterly. 64 (1): 65–94. doi:10.2307/2144182. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2144182. Crampton
World_War_I
to carry out security checks on their own cryptographic procedures. Menzer recognized blatant cryptographic weaknesses of the methods used, and in the
Fritz_Menzer
Measure of a civilization's evolution
(1985). "Stellar evolution – Motivation for mass interstellar migrations". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 26: 56–59. Bibcode:1985QJRAS
Kardashev_scale
Type of voting by election mechanism
transactions on a distributed, append-only ledger, which relies on cryptographic hashing to prevent the tampering or deletion of past entries. To manage
Electronic_voting
Overview of and topical guide to computer security
credentials stored on the laptop including MAC addresses, web cookies, cryptographic keys and stored passwords. Vulnerabilities Exploitable vulnerability
Outline_of_computer_security
2007 film by Jon Turteltaub
the Golden Circle: A Filibustering Fantasy". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 44 (3): 287–302. JSTOR 30235905. Kemme, Steve (August 21, 2011). "SECRET
National Treasure: Book of Secrets
National_Treasure:_Book_of_Secrets
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
1998). "Hiroshima and the Trashing of Henry Stimson". The New England Quarterly 71.1, pp. 5–32. doi:10.2307/366722. JSTOR 366722. Atomic bombings of Hiroshima
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
Portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout
can be no possible question – that in fact it is a cunningly drawn cryptographic picture, shewing two left arms and a mask ... Especially note that the
Droeshout_portrait
American chef (1903–1985)
Beard's catering business. He enlisted in the Army and was trained as a cryptographic specialist. Because he had hoped to serve in the hotel management division
James_Beard
Annual hacker meeting
and workshops on technical and political issues related to security, cryptography, privacy and online freedom of speech. It has taken place regularly at
Chaos_Communication_Congress
Defunct Swiss cryptography company
Madsen, Wayne (1999). "Crypto AG: The NSA's Trojan Whore?". CovertAction Quarterly. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 February
Crypto_AG
1917 German alliance proposal to Mexico
cryptanalytically, it was readable to a fair degree. Room 40 had obtained German cryptographic documents, including the diplomatic code 3512 (captured during the Mesopotamian
Zimmermann_telegram
Human losses by participating country
during World War II. Assessments and Estimates—an Outline The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 2007, (140,000 Regular forces and 100,000 resistance
World_War_II_casualties
English mathematician, philosopher, and engineer (1791–1871)
In an unsympathetic tone it pointed out David Brewster writing in the Quarterly Review as another leader; with the barb that both Babbage and Brewster
Charles_Babbage
Symbols used in the writing system of early Frisians and Anglo-Saxon peoples
order MS Oxford St. John's College 17 — contains a "table of runic, cryptographic, and exotic alphabets". Elder Futhark List of runestones Ogham Old English
Anglo-Saxon_runes
Cryptocurrency pegged to the United States dollar
verifiability of its stated fiat reserves. In addition to publishing quarterly attestations, Tether provides regularly updated information on token circulation
Tether_(cryptocurrency)
American technology company
first-quarter 2026 earnings, which reported a record $639.8 million in quarterly revenue, a 34 percent year-over-year increase. CEO Matthew Prince stated
Cloudflare
British military officer and cryptographer (1894–1982)
Intelligence. After a decade as a War Office civilian at GC&CS, the interwar cryptographic organization, Tiltman was recalled to active service. Although he did
John_Tiltman
Polish mathematician and cryptologist (1905–1980)
equations was solvable without further data. But he was assisted by cryptographic documents that Section D of French military intelligence (the Deuxième
Marian_Rejewski
American multinational technology company
customers. IBM also provides Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), using cryptographic splitting to secure customer data. In May 2022, IBM announced the company
IBM
Secret post-WWII United States program
Research Institutions in Allied Occupation Policy". History of Education Quarterly. 22 (3): 289–299. doi:10.2307/367770. JSTOR 367770. S2CID 144397068. Much
Operation_Paperclip
Violent tactic resulting in the attacker's intentional death
Bomber? Evidence from Islamic State Recruits". International Studies Quarterly. 64 (2): 306–315. doi:10.1093/isq/sqaa012. "U.S. study draws portrait
Suicide_attack
Professional network website
incidents have occurred with the website, including in 2012, when the cryptographic hashes of approximately 6.4 million users were stolen and published
Process of making something random
The process of random number generation is central to simulations, cryptographic applications, and statistical analysis. These numbers form the basis
Randomization
immediate aftermath of the Second World War in Poland". Conflict Resolution Quarterly. 41 (3): 409–431. doi:10.1002/crq.21411. ISSN 1536-5581. Victor, Jeffrey
List_of_moral_panics
Allied tactical operation of World War II
Cottage: A Cautionary Tale of Assumption and Perceptual Bias". Joint Force Quarterly. National Defense University Press. Retrieved December 20, 2021. Roy,
Operation_Cottage
American cybersecurity technology company
Carson, Ed (9 June 2024). "CrowdStrike, KKR, GoDaddy To Join S&P 500 In Quarterly Rebalance; Stocks Jump". Investor's Business Daily. Archived from the
CrowdStrike
British military officer (1741–1801)
used Commentaries on the Laws of England by William Blackstone as a cryptographic key. By July 1779, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations
Benedict_Arnold
Set of security requirements for card processors
to prove compliance. Validation of compliance is performed annually or quarterly with a method suited to the organization's volume of transactions: Self-assessment
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standard
Word or phrase rearranged from another
November 2009). "Anagrams". Word Play. Criminal Brief. Bletchley Park Cryptographic Dictionary. Codesandciphers.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-05-12. "anagram
Anagram
Access control device for nuclear weapons
for the first time in November 2001. A part of the system, a special cryptographic processor fitted into the weapons in 1997 had a potential Year 2000
Permissive_action_link
Political party in Iran
"Post-Revolutionary Iranian Exiles: A Study in Impotence". Third World Quarterly. 9 (1): 108–129. doi:10.1080/01436598708419964. JSTOR 3991849. Abrahamian
People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
People's_Mojahedin_Organization_of_Iran
US political controversy
emails carrying cryptographic signatures came via Google, which rigorously implements the technology. The analysts noted that cryptographic signatures can
Hunter Biden laptop controversy
Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy
Number equal to the sum of its proper divisors
December 2018. Cohen, Graeme (1978). "On odd perfect numbers". Fibonacci Quarterly. 16 (6): 523-527. doi:10.1080/00150517.1978.12430277. Suryanarayana, D
Perfect_number
Interwar Polish-intelligence cryptology agency
Różycki and Henryk Zygalski. In 1926, the German Navy adopted, as its top cryptographic device, a modified civilian Enigma machine; in 1928 the German Army
Cipher_Bureau_(Poland)
American cryptologist (1889–1958)
August 7, 1958) was an American cryptologist. He founded and led the cryptographic organization the Black Chamber. Under Yardley, the cryptanalysts of
Herbert_Yardley
Project of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology
updated quarterly. This is called the Reference Data Set. The NSRL collects software from various sources and computes message digests, or cryptographic hash
National Software Reference Library
National_Software_Reference_Library
Events leading to World War I in 1914
pp: 639–666. Neilson, Keith. "1914: The German War?." European History Quarterly 44.3 (2014): 395–418. Owings, W.A. Dolph (1984). The Sarajevo Trial. Chapel
July_Crisis
Chinese telecommunications company
wants to be". ZDNet. Retrieved 29 March 2021. "ZTE Unified Platform Cryptographic Library Version 1.1" (PDF). ZTE and Atsec Information Security Corporation
ZTE
Malicious software
dissertation was on the subject of computer viruses. The combination of cryptographic technology as part of the payload of the virus, exploiting it for attack
Malware
"Regierungs-Overinspektor Fritz Menzer: Cryptographic Inventor Extraordinaire" (PDF). nsa.gov. Document ref:2757002. Cryptologic Quarterly, Vol. 2, Nos. 3-4; autumn/winter
Schlüsselgerät_39
Academic journal
Publishers. Retrieved 2025-10-24. Knies, Rob (September 24, 2009). "Cryptography Receives Indian Scrutiny". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science
Foundations_and_Trends_in_Theoretical_Computer_Science
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
removal of his security clearance and barred him from continuing with his cryptographic consultancy for GCHQ, the British signals intelligence agency that had
Alan_Turing
Athabaskan ethnic group of the United States
This Navajo then translated it back into English faster than any other cryptographic facility, which demonstrated their efficacy. As a result, General Vogel
Navajo
Browser extension
Smart-HTTPS (closed-source early since v0.2) Transport Layer Security (TLS) – Cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network
HTTPS_Everywhere
Number of nonzero symbols in a string
EUROCRYPT '98, International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques, Espoo, Finland, May 31 – June 4, 1998, Proceeding. Lecture
Hamming_weight
Proposed council of World War II allies
Vandenberg, Internationalism, and the United Nations." Political Science Quarterly 88#3 (1973): 375-394. online George T. Mazuzan. Warren R. Austin at the
Four_Policemen
American social media and messaging app
June 17, 2022. Huang, Kalley (July 21, 2022). "Snap reports its slowest quarterly growth and a wider loss in the second quarter". The New York Times. Archived
Snapchat
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
August 2015, an IBM security research group, called "X-Force", put out a quarterly report that advised companies to block Tor on security grounds, citing
Tor_(network)
American digital asset and data center infrastructure company
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026". SEC EDGAR. May 8, 2026. Retrieved June 13, 2026. "Galaxy Digital Inc. Form 10-Q for the quarterly period
Galaxy_Digital_(company)
History of supernatural phenomena
Neoplatonism and the Wheel of Memory in the 'De Umbris Idearum'". Renaissance Quarterly. 55 (2): 596–624. doi:10.2307/1262319. JSTOR 1262319. S2CID 31142856.
History_of_magic
1932–1945 Japanese puppet state in northern China
Beal, Edwin G (1945). "The 1940 Census of Manchuria". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 4 (3): 243–262. doi:10.2307/2049515. JSTOR 2049515. S2CID 166016710.
Manchukuo
1943 tank battle in the Soviet Union
ISBN 978-1-4000-6677-3. Showalter, Dennis (2013). "The Crucible". MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History. 25 (3): 28–37. Taylor, A. J. P.; Kulish,
Battle_of_Kursk
British author and scholar (1832–1898)
Robin T.: Lewis Carroll: Subversive Pragmaticist. 2022. Pragmatics : Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association, pp. 367–85 Moses
Lewis_Carroll
Mass incarceration in the U.S. during WWII
Alaska's Japanese Residents". The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 74 (3). Pacific Northwest Quarterly and the University of Washington: 124–29. JSTOR 40490551
Internment of Japanese Americans
Internment_of_Japanese_Americans
German state from 1933 to 1945
Press?] (PDF). Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte [Contemporary History Quarterly] (in German). 58 (4). Institute of Contemporary History (Munich): 543–561
Nazi_Germany
Carolyn (1994). "The Body of the Text: Literacy's Corporeal Constant". Quarterly Journal of Speech. 80 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1080/00335639409384064. Archived
List of books bound in human skin
List_of_books_bound_in_human_skin
CRYPTOGRAPHIC QUARTERLY
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